Practice Final Exam

Who was the Greek historian known as the "Father of History"?

Herodotus

Which culture practiced sati (suttee)?

Hindus

Burial Societies became commonplace during the Modern Era Medieval Period Ancient Period Neolithic Era

Medieval Period

In Egyptian history, the walled suburb of a major city where embalming was performed was referred to as the

Necropolis

The one in Egypt know as God of the Underworld and Judge of the Dead was Horus Osiris Horodotus Ramses the Great

Osiris

Whose death views were shaped by "mystery cults?" Romans Celtics Greeks XXXX Egyptians

Romans

Mound burials are specifically connected to which group covered in Unit 1? Scandinavians Catholics Greeks Celts

Scandinavians

An English physician who discovered the circulation of blood: Joseph H. Clarke Jean Gannal William Harvey William Hunter

William Harvey

An english physician who discovered the circulation of blood. William Harvey Jean Gannal William Hunter Joseph H. Clarke

William Harvey

Scottish anatomist credited as the first to use arterial injection for embalming William Hunter John Hunter William Harvey Frederick Ruysch

William Hunter

Every dead body is deserving of respectful treatment, regardless of who they were, is an example of ___? Absolutism Utilitarianism Relativism Normative Ethics

absolutism

What ethical theory is often found in religious beliefs? absolutism relativism totalitarianism beliefs

absolutism

A funeral rite adjusted to current trends or the needs of a specific family would be known as a/an _____________________ funeral rite. traditional direct primitive adaptive

adaptive

The period of embalming history from 650-1861 is known as the: Period of the Anatomist Medieval Era The Middle Ages all of these

all of these

Physicians are considered ____ to Funeral Directors.

allied professionals

The period of time when the Egyptians were embalming bodies was Medieval Eolithic Neolithic Ancient

ancient

The "Elysian Fields" is associated with which of the following cultures? Hebrews Ancient Egyptians Ancient Romans Ancient Greeks

ancient greeks

Some early coffins were human shaped. What is another term for this design? Catafalque Anthropoidal Burial case Casket

anthropoidal

The individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose function was to anoint the body with the necessary oils, spices, and ointments was the Apothecary Servant Dissector Anatomist Scribe

apothecary servant

What generation believes technology brings with it as many problems as it does solutions? Matures Baby Boomers Generation X Generation Y

baby boomers

The most expensive method of Egyptian embalming consisted of five steps, the last of which was drying the body in the sun removal of the brain immersion in a natron solution bandaging and anointing

bandaging and anointing

The injection of cedar oil into the abdomen of the body was utilized in the medium priced method of Egyptian embalming, causing the organs in the cavity to become hard as a rock have an adequate amount of preservation be dissolved be sterilized

be dissolved

Values are defined as

beliefs held in high esteem

English funeral practices in the middle ages saw a rise in ostentation and what? mystery cults burial clubs simplicity economy

burial clubs

The first American undertakers often made which of the following: metal tools burial garments cabinets carriages

cabinets

A raised platform (with or without a canopy) used for a body to lie in state is known as a what? Prie Dieu Catafalque Bear Altar

catafalque

Dr. Thomas Holmes is credited with the 19th century development of: cooling boards the Fisk metallic coffin life signals chemical embalming

chemical embalming

A pall placed on a casket is designed to make all people equal in death in what culture? Christian Hebrew Scandinavian Egyptian

christian

During the middle ages, Christian bodies were commonly placed in what crowded areas? churchyards memorial parks elysian fields rural cemeteries

churchyards

What is an ancient Egyptian belief that the soul of the deceased would make a 3000 year journey and return to the body? Elysian flight Circle of necessity Eternal journey Animistic view

circle of necessity

The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; their behavior in terms of the duties, obligations and functions of a citizen, best characterizes ___?

citizenship

The method of embalming selected for an Ancient Egyptian was based upon? class distinction religious belief embalmer availability season of year

class distinction

Teleological theory is also known as ___? Utilitarianism Consequentialism Deontological theory Normative ethics

consequentialism

Identifying the options available in solving the problem is immediately followed by what step? Selecting the best solution Defining the ethical issues Considering the consequences of each option Identifying the problem

considering the consequences of each option

A level of moral development in which the expectations of the social group are supported and maintained is ___? Pre-conventional Conventional Post-conventional Pre-moral

conventional

Which of these people could be allowed in the preparation room during embalming? Florist Coroner Casket representative Prospective funeral science student

coroner

With the introduction of coffins and early funeral goods, which of the following were primarily pursuing the undertaking profession? the doctors craftsman the clergy survivors

craftsman

Which of these is considered a behavioral norm, based on tradition? custom more folkway law

custom

A man named Chadwick issued a landmark report and supplement after 3 years of study: 1839-42. The report discussed: unsanitary conditions in American cities rise of medical schools around 1800 deplorable conditions in English cemeteries development of allied health studies

deplorable conditions in English cemeteries

What is a life-sized, waxen recreation of the deceased that was often used because the body of the deceased should be present for the funeral, but could not be preserved for that length of time? requiem effigy death mask steward

effigy

The most desirable mode of disposition for the Egyptians was cremation burial at sea entombment earth burial

entombment

The earliest assumed state of man was depictive of which era? Ancient Eolithic Medieval Paleolithic

eolithic

The standards set out in codes of ethics usually ___ those of laws? Exceed Equal Fall below Override

exceed

Usually, __________________ family systems have been most common in rural, agricultural areas, because more family members were beneficial to meet the workload. Single-parent Extended (Joint) Nuclear Blended

extended (joint)

What were primitive mans' belief about death based upon? (select the best answer) community values XXXX fear the divine origin of the soul religionXXX

fear

The Egyptians felt that which of the following was the seat of intellect and emotion?

heart

The french word for hearse bier coache hirpex herse

herse

Fidelity to moral principles best define ___? integrity honesty values professionalism

integrity

A Roman head undertaker was know by what term? Designator Libitinarius Pollinctores Praeco

libitinarius

Medieval Irish wakes were known for sadness violence light-hearted practices masks

light-hearted practices

An above-ground structure containing crypts for casketed remains is a: chapel mausoleum cathedral columbarium

mausoleum

Burial Societies became commonplace during the Neolithic Era Medieval Period Ancient Period Modern Era

medieval period

Which of the following is a death practice of every culture and civilization? Flowers on the Grave Funeral Procession Memorialization of the dead Cremation

memorialization of the dead

Evaluation of the meaning of ethical statements is part of what? Meta-Ethics Consequentialism Deontological theory Normative ethics

meta-ethics

Violation of which behavioral standard brings the most severe repercussions? tradition more folkway custom

more

What is a salt found in dry lake beds of the desert and used by early Egyptians in preparation of bodies? natron zinc chloride sodium chloride kione

natron

A term which refers to families moving to new areas and taking some of their culture along is _____________________.

neo-localism

With which era are the years 30,000 BC to 6,000 BC associated? Middle Ages Eolithic Period Paleolithic Period Neolithic Period

neolithic period

Who does NOT automatically have a right to know about the condition of a body? Family Embalmer Funeral director News media

news media

Deontological theory is also known as ___? Non-Consequentialism Consequentialism Normative ethics Utilitarianism

non-consequentialism

The development of moral standards of conduct is ___? Normative Ethics Absolutism Utilitarianism Relativism

normative ethics

The Chevra Kadisha is I. a Jewish custom II. an Arab custom III. a group of body washers IV. a group of paid mourners II & IV I & IV II & III I & III

one and three

During the Medieval Period, what type of burial garments did the Christian church recommend? one specific color the church did not restrict burial garments garments that represented the deceased's position in life deceased's own clothing without regard to color

one specific color

The period of embalming history from 650-1861 is known as the: The Middle Ages the Modern Era Medieval Era period of the Anatomist

period of the anatomist

A level of Kohlberg's moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authority is ___? Pre-moral Pre-conventional Conventional Post conventional

pre-conventional

The crucial component defining a "funeral" as opposed to a memorial service is:

presence of the body

Which of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process was the most prominent? Chief Embalmer Priest Apothecary Dissector

priest

What is a disadvantage of the use of technology in funeral service? electronic merchandise selection reduced personalization increased religious traditions reduced human contact

reduced human contact

Sacred beliefs, feelings, and conduct implementing the beliefs and feelings are all components of: cultural relativism taboo society religion

religion

A mortuary fee paid to insure entrance of the decedent's soul into heaven was called what?

soul shot

Which of the following receptacles was used for ex-president Grant? The Fisk A 19th Century Also-Ran Zinc "Shoulder" Casket Stye "E" State Casket

style E State casket

What is synonymous with consequentialism? teleological ethics deontological ethics meta-ethics utilitarianism

teleological ethics

Jewish burials began to use arons(coffins) only after which event? the establishment of modern Israel the Holocaust the Egyptian captivity the Babylonian captivity

the babylonian captivity

Jewish burials were/are scheduled for the middle of the night one hour before dawn at dawn the day of death, before sundown

the day of death, before sundown

The outlook on death changed drastically in Europe during the Middle Ages due to: the emergence of Christianity the great plagues the discovery of blood circulation the formation of burial societies

the great plaques

A "sin-eater" was associated with colonial America Eskimos the Middle ages ancient Egyptians

the middle ages

The use of an "effigy" became popularized during classical antiquity early America the late 19th century the middle ages

the middle ages

In regards to soiled clothing, the family should be given ___? The unwashed clothes An explanation about them being discarded The washed clothes The option of any of the above

the option of any of the above

Early graduates of embalming schools provided embalming services to a number of undertakers who did not have embalmers "on staff" and were known as: trade embalmers mortuary practitioners fluid pushers circuit embalmers

trade embalmers

Who are self-employed, independent contractors who embalm for various funeral directors while not in the continuous employ of any one of them? for-hire embalmer traveling embalmers trade embalmers vocational embalmers

trade embalmers

This was the first Memorial Park cemetery, located in Glendale, California: Mount Sinai Pebblecreek Scotland Yard Forest Lawn

Forest Lawn

Who is credited for manufacturing the first auto-hearse? Crane & Breed Hudson & Samson Fred Hultberg?? James Cunningham

Fred Hulberg

A German physician who published works on embalming without evisceration: Richard Harlan Jean Gannal William Hunter Gabriel Clauderus

Gabriel Clauderus

Which culture believed in Hades as an afterlife under the earth? Scandinavian Roman Greek Egyptian

Greek

Which of these is considered the "Father of Embalming"? Dr. Gabriel Clauderus Dr. Frederick Ruysch Dr. John Hunter Dr. Thomas Holmes

Dr. Frederick Ruysch

"The Undertaker's Manual", the first embalming textbook, was written by: John Hunter William Hunter Dr. Auguste RenouardXXXX Dr. Thomas Holmes

Dr. Thomas Holmes

In what country did modern funeral undertaking as an occupation first appear? United States Egypt England France

England

Receptacles that were patented in the early 19th century but which gained no popular appeal were referred to as? Also-rans Fisk Metallic Coffins Cloth covered caskets Metallic burial cases

Also-rans

The agency charged with developing curriculum and accreditation standards for funeral service educational programs in the US, is the: American Board of Funeral Service Education National Foundation of Funeral Service International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards American Board of Funeral Service Educators

American Board of Funeral Service Education

The "Cult of Osiris" identified with which early civilization?

Ancient Egyptians

Which of the following is NOT true? St. Peter was originally interred in the Roman catacombs Black is the universal color for mourning The Romans practiced both burial and cremation Any US funeral director's license is valid in all states

Any US funeral director's license is valid in all states

Which of the following is NOT a reason why "Auto Hearses" would be slow in being accepted? Auto hearses could travel no faster than a horse-drawn hearse Upkeep on auto hearses was expensive People believed the auto hearse was a way of rushing the deceased to the grave Auto hearses were less costly than the traditional horse-drawn hearse

Auto hearses were less costly than the traditional horse-drawn hearse

Who started the use of death certificates and the founding of cemeteries outside of urban areas? Chadwick Stanwyck Libitinarius Herodotus

Chadwick

The first life-preserving coffin patent in the US was given to Almond Fisk J.R. Barnes Christian H. Eisenbrandt Claude Batesville

Christian H. Eisenbrandt

A death mask: I. was made of wax II. was made of bronze III. was placed on the face IV. was used in place of the body I & IV II & III XXXX I & III II & IV

1 & 5

The Great Plague of London occurred during which period? 1664-1665 1774-1775 1864-1865 1164-1165

1664-1665

When did the Modern era of embalming begin? 1720 650 1920 1861

1861

The agency responsible for the production, administration, and integrity of the National Board Examination is the: International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards National Funeral Directors Association National Foundation of Funeral Service American Board of Funeral Service Educators

International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards

What is an organization of independent family-owned funeral homes whose mission is to build and support member interaction, information exchange, and professional business development? International Order of the Golden Rule (OGR) National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association Funeral Service Foundation International Cemetery, Cremation, and Funeral Association (ICCCFA)

International Order of the Golden Rule