Practice - Part 1

118: When getting ready to make a bed, the nurse aide should place the clean lines on: A: ~ A chair or table beside the bed B: ~ The roommate's bed C: ~ A clean surface in the bathroom D: ~ The floor beside the bed.

A: ~ A chair or table beside the bed The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The best place to put linens are on the chair or the table by the bed. This ensures that the linens do not contract any infectious material from other areas within the facility. The chair and bedside table are only used by the client so does not have any outside infectious material.

101: What is grief? A: ~ An overwhelming sense of loss or sorrow B: ~ Brief sadness C: ~ Complaint or annoyance that should be reported D: ~ Injustice against a resident

A: ~ An overwhelming sense of loss or sorrow The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Grief entails for most an overwhelming sense of loss or sorrow. Support those going through the grief process by listening to them and providing assistance when they request help.

130: If a nurse aide finds a client who is sad and crying, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Ask the client if something is wrong B: ~ Tell the client to cheer up C: ~ Tell the client to stop crying D: ~ Call the client's family

A: ~ Ask the client if something is wrong The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Encouraging the client to talk demonstrates support for the client and can help alleviate their sadness. The other options are inappropriate in this case.

56: The caregiver's role in caring for a client with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) includes: A: ~ Being calm and supportive B: ~ Not allowing the client to do any ADLs C: ~ Encouraging vigorous exercise D: ~ Positioning client flat on her back

A: ~ Being calm and supportive The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Remaining supportive and calm to clients with COPD is a good thing we can do as caregivers. Clients should be encouraged to do as many tasks independently as possible. Clients with COPD should exercise however vigorous exercise is not recommended. Minimal to moderate exercise should be encouraged. Challenging workouts are not recommended due to their reduced lung function. COPD clients must be in semi-Fowlers or Fowlers position to help them breathe easier. Lying flat is not recommended for those with COPD.

138: The only way to find out if you have HBV (Hepatitis B) is: A: ~ Blood test B: ~ Vaccine C: ~ X-ray D: ~ Urine test

A: ~ Blood test The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The only way to discover if you have Hepatitis B is to take a blood test. Getting the vaccine ahead of time lowers your risk of contracting this disease.

124: How should soiled bed linens be handled? A: ~ By carrying them away from the nursing assistant's body B: ~ By shaking them in the air before disposing of them C: ~ By taking them into another resident's room D: ~ By taking them into the cafeteria

A: ~ By carrying them away from the nursing assistant's body The answer is A. EXPLANATION: You want to keep the soiled bed linens away from your body so you do not get pathogens on your clothing. The other options could spread infection to other residents and would be inappropriate to do.

8: The leading cause of death in the United States is: A: ~ Cardiovascular diseases B: ~ Cancer C: ~ Head injuries D: ~ Spinal injuries

A: ~ Cardiovascular diseases The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. 1 in 4 deaths occur from heart disease. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease These others are not leading causes of death.

129: Which type of clients may have an order for thickened liquids? A: ~ Clients who have swallowing problems B: ~ Clients who refuse to drink water C: ~ Clients who do not eat meat D: ~ Clients who have diabetes

A: ~ Clients who have swallowing problems The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Thickened liquids happen for those that cannot swallow properly. It allows the fluid to go down easier and helps prevent the client from choking on the fluids. Thickened liquids will not help those that decline to drink water to drink more water. Thickened liquids can be used for those that do not eat meat and those with diabetes if they have a swallowing problem too. A swallowing problem is the only reason someone would be placed on thickened liquids.

72: Medical asepsis: A: ~ Decreases pathogens B: ~ Increases pathogens C: ~ Is a medication D: ~ Should be reported

A: ~ Decreases pathogens The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Following medical asepsis techniques decreases pathogens as it helps prevent pathogens from traveling from one client to the next. We disinfect rooms, wash our hands, and clean linens properly to follow medical asepsis techniques. The other items are incorrect when describing medical asepsis.

34: If a mistake is made while documenting care, the nursing assistant should: A: ~ Draw one line through the line with the mistake, and write the correction B: ~ Erase any errors made C: ~ Use correction fluid to make the correction D: ~ Write his opinion about why the error was made

A: ~ Draw one line through the line with the mistake, and write the correction The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The best way to handle errors in documentation is to draw a line through it and write the correction. The other ways are incorrect when fixing errors in documentation.

89: If a mistake is made while documenting care, the nursing assistant should: A: ~ Draw one line through the line with the mistake, and write the correction B: ~ Erase any errors made C: ~ Use correction fluid to make the correction D: ~ Write his opinion about why the error was made

A: ~ Draw one line through the line with the mistake, and write the correction The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The best way to handle errors in documentation is to draw a line through it and write the correction. The other ways are incorrect when fixing errors in documentation.

13: For perineal care, always wipe: A: ~ From front to back. B: ~ From back to front. C: ~ In whichever direction is easiest. D: ~ Back and forth two times.

A: ~ From front to back. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: To avoid causing a urinary tract infection to the client, you want to always wipe front to back. Wiping in other ways could bring fecal matter into the urethra causing a urinary tract infection.

1: How can a nursing assistant help control odors in a facility? A: ~ He can change soiled linens promptly. B: ~ He can change residents' incontinence briefs once a day. C: ~ He can empty and clean bedpans right at the end of the shift D: ~ He can ignore residents' body and breath odors

A: ~ He can change soiled linens promptly. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Changing soiled linens quickly can alleviate odors in the facility. The other items do not help control odors in the facility.

76: With catheterized patients, which of the following is NOT the nurse aide's responsibility? A: ~ Insertion of the catheter B: ~ Prevention of infection C: ~ Checking to make sure the catheter is draining properly D: ~ Recording output.

A: ~ Insertion of the catheter The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Nurses insert catheters. You are responsible for preventing infection, making sure it is draining correctly, and making sure output is recorded.

49: Regarding a resident's toenails, a nursing assistant should: A: ~ Never cut them B: ~ Cut them when the resident requests it C: ~ Cut them daily D: ~ File them into rounded edges

A: ~ Never cut them The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Do not cut toenails as someone with diabetes could experience complications if toenails are not cut correctly.

41: To prevent dehydration of the client, the caregiver should: A: ~ Offer fluids frequently while the client is awake B: ~ Wake the client hourly during the night to offer fluids C: ~ Give the client frequent baths D: ~ Feed the client with salty food to increase thirst

A: ~ Offer fluids frequently while the client is awake The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Offering fluids as much as possible when the client is awake is the best practice to prevent dehydration. In order to heal, clients need to rest so waking them hourly during the night would not help the clients best. Bathing the client does not increase fluid intake. Salty food actually increases fluid loss and this causes dehydration. It takes more water to remove the salt so a caregiver does not want to give them salty food to increase thirst. Most clients do not drink enough water and giving them salty food will only increase their dehydration.

97: When assisting residents with eating, nursing assistants should: A: ~ Position residents upright for eating B: ~ Touch the food to test its temperature C: ~ Rush each resident to keep on schedule D: ~ Not talk to residents

A: ~ Position residents upright for eating The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Make sure residents are upright before assisting them with eating. The other items would be inappropriate when helping residents with eating.

100: To serve hot liquids to residents, a nursing assistant should: A: ~ Pour hot drinks away from residents. B: ~ Put hot liquids on the edges of tables C: ~ Make sure residents are standing up before serving hot liquids D: ~ Serve hot drinks at a temperature of 195° F

A: ~ Pour hot drinks away from residents. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: In case of spills or a resident attempting to grab the cup, we need to pour hot drinks away from residents. If a hot liquid gets on a resident, this can cause a burn and thus further medical treatment that could have been avoided. Burns also are painful causing harm to the resident. The other items are not good ways to serve hot liquids to residents.

104: Clean bed linens promote: A: ~ Proper rest and sleep B: ~ Infection and disease C: ~ Pressure sores D: ~ Poor circulation

A: ~ Proper rest and sleep The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Clean bed linens help our clients sleep well. It does not promote infection, disease, pressure sores, or poor circulation. It improves the chance of these things NOT happening.

55: Dangling is: A: ~ Sitting up with the feet over the side of the bed B: ~ A way to help residents regain balance C: ~ Sometimes used for residents who are unable to walk D: ~ All of the above

A: ~ Sitting up with the feet over the side of the bed The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Dangling does not help residents regain balance and is not used for residents can't ambulate. It is for residents to place their feet over the side of the bed but not yet touching the floor. This helps with easing any dizziness before transferring the resident.

96: Which of the following are considered forms of identification? A: ~ Social security card and driver's license B: ~ References C: ~ Job descriptions D: ~ High school diploma

A: ~ Social security card and driver's license The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The only items considered forms of identification are a social security card and a driver's license. The other items will not be accepted as forms of identification.

77: The opening in the abdomen in a resident with an ostomy is called a: A: ~ Stoma B: ~ Stool C: ~ Bag D: ~ Anus

A: ~ Stoma The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The opening in the abdomen is known as a stoma. Stool are feces, bags are used over the stoma to collect the stool, and the anus is the opening at the end of the alimentary canal where feces exit the body.

18: Which of the following senses is not used in making observations? A: ~ Taste B: ~ Smell C: ~ Touch D: ~ Sight

A: ~ Taste The answer is A. EXPLANATION: A nurse assistant should use smell, touch, hearing and sight senses to make observations of her client and the surroundings or the environment.

30: What is one reason why reporting a resident's changes and problems to the nurse is a very important role of the nursing assistant? A: ~ The care plan must be updated as the resident's condition changes. B: ~ Reporting changes is not a task that the NA performs. C: ~ Depending on the resident's changes, the NA can decide if she wants to work that day or not. D: ~ The NA can decide what medication to prescribe for the resident's current condition.

A: ~ The care plan must be updated as the resident's condition changes. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The NA's report on a resident's change of condition and problem(s) will be used by the nurse to update the resident's care plan and communicate to other care team members.

23: The Heimlich maneuver is used only when: A: ~ There is a complete obstruction of the airway. B: ~ A person is in a coma. C: ~ A person has chest pain D: ~ A person asks for help.

A: ~ There is a complete obstruction of the airway. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: When a person has a full obstruction of the airway, we must perform the Heimlich maneuver to remove the object. The other three instances are not circumstances where you would perform the Heimlich maneuver.

105: To prevent pressure ulcers you should: A: ~ Turn every 2 hours B: ~ Turn once a shift C: ~ Turn every 30 minutes D: ~ Put HOB (Head of bed) up 45 degrees.

A: ~ Turn every 2 hours The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Turning residents every two hours is the way to prevent pressure ulcers. Once a shift would cause a pressure ulcer and every 30 minutes would be too challenging for you as a caregiver to complete. The head of the bed does not assist in alleviating pressure ulcers.

39: A confused client becomes upset when he cannot find his way to the bathroom. How should the nurse aide help this client? A: ~ Walk the client to the bathroom and seat him. B: ~ Give the client detailed directions to the bathroom. C: ~ Ask another client to walk the client to the bathroom. D: ~ Tell the client that he should not go to the bathroom by himself.

A: ~ Walk the client to the bathroom and seat him. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Someone that is confused cannot understand directions or that they cannot use the bathroom independently. Having another client walk them to the bathroom would be unsafe. The best thing to do is walk them and seat them on the toilet yourself.

73: What is the best temperature for bath water? A: ~ 98 degrees B: ~ 105 degrees C: ~ 112 degrees D: ~ 120 degrees

B: ~ 105 degrees The answer is B. EXPLANATION: 105 degrees is the optimal temperature for bath water. 98 can be too cold. 112 and 120 degrees are too hot for bath water.

99: The optimal temperature for a tub bath should be: A: ~ 100 degrees Fahrenheit B: ~ 105 degrees Fahrenheit C: ~ 110 degrees Fahrenheit D: ~ 115 degrees Fahrenheit.

B: ~ 105 degrees Fahrenheit The answer is B. EXPLANATION: 105 degrees Fahrenheit is the ideal temperature for a tub bath. You can check this with a thermometer to ensure it is the correct temperature.

70: Mrs. Farrell drank 8oz. of orange juice, 5oz. of water and a bowl of dry cereal at 8.30 a.m. How much liquid in cc did she take? A: ~ 400 B: ~ 390 C: ~ 500 D: ~ 290

B: ~ 390 The answer is B. EXPLANATION: To obtain ccs, you have to multiply ounces by 30. 8 ounces equals 240 and 5 ounces equals 150. You then add them together at 240 + 150 which equals 390.

126: Which of the following statements about observing mentally ill residents is true? A: ~ A nursing assistant does not need to report a comment about suicide if it is a joke. B: ~ A nursing assistant needs to report changes in personality. C: ~ Withdrawal does not need to be reported. D: ~ A nursing assistant does not need to report an imagined physical symptom.

B: ~ A nursing assistant needs to report changes in personality. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Whenever a nursing assistant observes a change, they need to report it immediately. We have to report any suicide comments even if you think the person is joking. Withdrawal or physical symptoms must be reported.

74: What is one way a nursing assistant can promote a resident's independence? A: ~ Finishing a resident's task if he takes longer than ten minutes to complete it B: ~ Allowing a resident to do a task by himself no matter how long it takes him C: ~ Deciding where a resident should sit in the dining room D: ~ Deciding what a resident should wear for the day

B: ~ Allowing a resident to do a task by himself no matter how long it takes him The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We need to allow clients to take as much time as they need to complete tasks on their own. Although we are busy we must allow them to maintain as much independence as possible to promote dignity and respect. The other options are incorrect to promote independence.

66: Which of the following is an example of how to behave professionally with an employer? A: ~ Documenting care only when you feel like it B: ~ Asking questions when something is not understood C: ~ Being late for work D: ~ Not calling inn when you cannot make it to work

B: ~ Asking questions when something is not understood The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We need to document all care. We have to call in ahead of time and not late for work to be professional. We ask questions to obtain clarification which demonstrates professional behavior.

115: Decubitus ulcers (pressure ulcers) are: A: ~ Digestive problems B: ~ Bed sores C: ~ Hiccups D: ~ Contagious

B: ~ Bed sores The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Decubitus ulcers are also known as bed sores. The other options are incorrect.

50: The Heimlich maneuver abdominal thrust) should be used if the client is: A: ~ Confused B: ~ Choking C: ~ Vomiting D: ~ Diabetic

B: ~ Choking The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We perform the Heimlich for those that are choking. The other options are not correct instances for performing the Heimlich.

29: During the final stages of life, you should: A: ~ Leave the person alone. B: ~ Continue normal care C: ~ Discourage visitors D: ~ Keep the room dark and tiptoe when entering the room.

B: ~ Continue normal care The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When someone is dying, we still need to keep them comfortable which includes performing usual care activities. The other items are incorrect when it comes to caring for a dying client.

84: A factor that influences attitudes about death is: A: ~ The grief process B: ~ Cultural background C: ~ Coping mechanisms D: ~ Denial

B: ~ Cultural background The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Our cultural background influences our thoughts and attitudes regarding the dying process. The grief process is an individualized experience where we mourn losses in our own way. Coping mechanisms helps us deal with stress and challenges in life. Denial is part of the Kubler-Ross stages of the dying process where we do not acknowledge we are passing away.

47: Which of the following statements is true of falls? A: ~ Older people are usually not seriously injured by falls. B: ~ Falls can lead to life-threatening injuries. C: ~ Disorientation does not put a resident at a higher risk for falls. D: ~ Wheelchairs should be unlocked before residents get into them.

B: ~ Falls can lead to life-threatening injuries. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We need to do all we can to prevent falls as they can lead to the client dying. Some clients are not able to recover from a fall and pass away. The best way is to stop falls from occurring to avoid harm to our clients.

119: Miss Stevens is sitting in her bedside chair for lunch. After preparing her for lunch, you need to: A: ~ Lock the bed wheel brakes. B: ~ Give her the call light. C: ~ Lock the chair wheel brakes. D: ~ Offer her a bedpan.

B: ~ Give her the call light. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: After getting the person ready, we need to make sure the client has their call light. The other actions are not appropriate after getting the person ready for lunch.

75: When entering the room of a client who is blind, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Walk quietly into the room before he or she speaks B: ~ Greet the client and identify him or herself. C: ~ Turn on the light as he or she enters the room D: ~ Touch the client gently on the arm.

B: ~ Greet the client and identify him or herself. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Make sure to announce yourself when you enter the room so the client knows that you are present. The other options are not the best methods when entering a blind client's room.

3: Foot care is given only by licensed staff if the resident: A: ~ Takes any medication B: ~ Has poor circulation or is diabetic C: ~ Wants special treatment D: ~ Is aggressive

B: ~ Has poor circulation or is diabetic The answer is B. EXPLANATION: For residents with diabetes or a decrease in circulation, foot care can only be completed by a licensed nurse. Care staff cannot complete foot care on these residents.

108: Foot care is provided only by licensed staff if the resident: A: ~ Takes any medication B: ~ Has poor circulation or is diabetic C: ~ Wants special treatment D: ~ Is mean and aggressive

B: ~ Has poor circulation or is diabetic The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Nurses must provide foot care for residents that have diabetes and poor circulation. They need special care and only licensed nurses can provide that. The other reasons are incorrect.

98: The last sense a dying client will lose is: A: ~ Smell B: ~ Hearing C: ~ Taste D: ~ Sight.

B: ~ Hearing The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Hearing is the last sense to leave a dying client. A caregiver must assume the client can still hear them. The other senses are not correct.

33: All of the following are ways to prevent weight loss EXCEPT: A: ~ Helping residents who have trouble feeding themselves B: ~ Hurrying residents through meals C: ~ Providing oral care before and after meals D: ~ Honoring food likes and dislikes

B: ~ Hurrying residents through meals The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We do not want to hurry residents through their meals as they could need more time to properly chew and swallow their food. All the other items can help prevent weight loss in residents.

128: If a person is visually impaired, you should: A: ~ Scold the person for not wearing glasses B: ~ Identify yourself whenever entering the room C: ~ Discourage the person from being independent D: ~ Avoid talking to the person.

B: ~ Identify yourself whenever entering the room The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When you enter the room of someone that has a visual impairment, make sure to announce yourself. This helps the person know who is taking care of them and that someone else is in the room.

117: Respecting resident's rights: A: ~ Is a matter of choice B: ~ Is a legal requirement C: ~ Is not a the NAs responsibility D: ~ Applies only to resident complaints

B: ~ Is a legal requirement The answer is B. EXPLANATION: As caregivers we must legally respect resident rights. Lawsuits against you as a caregiver can occur for any violation of resident rights. The other options are incorrect.

68: How can regular activity promote good health? A: ~ It decreases the appetite. B: ~ It increases energy. C: ~ It increases the risk of heart disease. D: ~ It raises the risk of falls.

B: ~ It increases energy. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Regular activity does not decrease the appetite - it might actually increase it because regular activity promotes digestion and bowel movement. Regular activity does not increase the risk of falls or heart disease. Regular activity does increase in energy.

15: Mr. Thennis is on a full liquid diet. A food allowed on this diet is: A: ~ Oatmeal B: ~ Jell-O C: ~ Mashed potatoes. D: ~ Gravy.

B: ~ Jell-O The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Jell-O is the only food allowed on this diet. The other foods are too thick and cannot be consumed when someone is on a full liquid diet.

122: When lifting, it is correct to: A: ~ Bend at the waist B: ~ Keep your back straight C: ~ Keep your knees straight D: ~ Keep your feet close together.

B: ~ Keep your back straight The answer is B. EXPLANATION: To safely lift residents, you want to provide yourself with a wide base of support, keeping your back straight, and bringing the object close to you. These methods keep you from getting hurt. The other items would cause injury to yourself as the caregiver.

140: When assisting a resident who has had a stroke, a nursing assistant should: A: ~ Do everything for the resident B: ~ Lead with the stronger side when transferring C: ~ Dress the stronger side first D: ~ Place food in the affected, or weaker, side of the mouth

B: ~ Lead with the stronger side when transferring The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When transferring a client with a stroke, make sure to support on the strong side as this will make transferring easier and safer. We want to promote independence, dress the weaker side first, and place food in the strong side to prevent choking.

103: A resident tells a nursing assistant that she is scared of dying. How should the nursing assistant respond? A: ~ Reply, "You should attend church services more often. Then you won't be so afraid." B: ~ Listen quietly and ask questions when appropriate. C: ~ Laugh and tell the resident "You won't be going anywhere soon." D: ~ Reply, "You need to start taking new medication."

B: ~ Listen quietly and ask questions when appropriate. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When discussing dying with a resident, it is best to listen to their concerns and inquire about these concerns when it fits the conversation. The other comments would be inappropriate in this situation.

32: The following are necessary links in the chain of infection. By wearing gloves, which link is broken, thus preventing the spread of disease? A: ~ Reservoir (place where the pathogen lives and grows) B: ~ Mode of transmission (a way for the disease to spread) C: ~ Susceptible host (person who is likely to get the disease) D: ~ Portal of exit (body opening on infected person)

B: ~ Mode of transmission (a way for the disease to spread) The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Wearing gloves prevents the resident's body fluids from coming into contact with your skin. The gloves prevent these fluids from entering through your skin thus stopping the mode of transmission (from the body fluids into your skin). The others do not apply in this scenario.

80: What do you put on a client before you transfer him or her? A: ~ Spike heel shoes B: ~ Non-skid footwear C: ~ A gown D: ~ Gloves

B: ~ Non-skid footwear The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Make sure clients are using non-skid footwear before transferring them. A gown could also be worn but many clients wear their own clothes so it is not a requirement. Gloves are not needed unless they are on precautions and spike heel shoes are inappropriate.

10: Which pulse sites are used for taking blood pressure? A: ~ Radial and femoral B: ~ Radial and brachial C: ~ Apical and femoral D: ~ Any two pulse sites can be used for taking blood pressure

B: ~ Radial and brachial The answer is B. EXPLANATION: The brachial pulse is the typical site to take blood pressure. In an emergency situation, the radial pulse can also be used. The femoral pulse and the apical pulse cannot be used to take blood pressure. We cannot use any two pulse sites for taking blood pressure.

127: When recording information, you should: A: ~ Erase your mistakes B: ~ Sign all entries with your name and title C: ~ Use a pencil D: ~ Record what the other shift didn't do.

B: ~ Sign all entries with your name and title The answer is B. EXPLANATION: One must sign with your name and title so surveyors and staff members know whom provided the care. It would be inappropriate to erase your mistakes. We must always write in black ink. We only record what happened on our shift.

17: Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts are used for: A: ~ Someone who is not breathing B: ~ Someone who is choking C: ~ Someone who is sleeping D: ~ All of the above

B: ~ Someone who is choking The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When someone is choking, you need to perform the Heimlich maneuver. The other choices are inappropriate and the Heimlich maneuver is not needed.

7: Why is it important to explain lifting procedures to residents before you do them? A: ~ To be polite. B: ~ To enlist their cooperation and help. C: ~ To prevent any arguments. D: ~ To provide communication.

B: ~ To enlist their cooperation and help. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When we lift a client, we need to explain so they can anticipate what is going to happen next. This helps them best assist us when we lift them.

109: Care of clients who are developmentally delayed include: A: ~ Doing all tasks for the client B: ~ Treating the client with dignity and respect C: ~ Limiting social interaction D: ~ Treating the client as if she were a child

B: ~ Treating the client with dignity and respect The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Developmentally delayed persons have varied traits and abilities. Each person with a developmental delay needs to be treated with dignity and respect. When appropriate, allow the person to make choices and do tasks independently. Do not limit their social interaction or treat them as children. Many hold jobs, have a significant other, and able to do several activities of daily living.

63: The Foley bag must be kept lower than the client's bladder so that: A: ~ Urine will not leak out, soiling the bed B: ~ Urine will not return to the bladder, causing infection C: ~ The bag will be hidden and the resident will not be embarrassed D: ~ The client will be more comfortable in bed.

B: ~ Urine will not return to the bladder, causing infection The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Keeping the Foley bag lower than the bladder allows the urine with its wastes to leave the bladder. If it is higher, the urine with its wastes will go back into the bladder causing a urinary tract infection. The other choices are not correct reasons for keeping the bag lower than the bladder.

121: Proper use of a waist restraint requires that the nurse aide: A: ~ Release the restraint every four hours B: ~ Watch for skin irritation C: ~ Tie restraints to the side-rail D: ~ Apply the restraint tightly so the client cannot move

B: ~ Watch for skin irritation The answer is B. EXPLANATION: If a waist restraint is used, a nurse aide needs to look for any signs of skin breakdown. The nurse will release the restraints at the proper time. Restraints are not tied to the side rails and they should not be tied too tight.

52: To properly wash the eyes while giving a bed bath, you would: A: ~ Wipe from outer side of eye to inner side. B: ~ Wipe from inner of eye to outer side. C: ~ Use a back-and-forth motion. D: ~ Use plenty of soap and water.

B: ~ Wipe from inner of eye to outer side. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When helping cleanse the eyes, start from the inner portion near the nose out to the side by the ear. This is the best method to properly clean the eyes.

102: The normal respiration rate for adults ranges from: A: ~ 18-30 breaths per minute B: ~ 15-25 breaths per minute C: ~ 12-20 breaths per minute D: ~ 25-35 breaths per minute

C: ~ 12-20 breaths per minute The answer is C. EXPLANATION: 12-20 breaths per minute is the normal respiratory rate. All these other ranges end in too high of a rate and need to be reported to the nurse if it is above 20 or below 12 immediately. Breathing challenges are an emergency and need to be addressed quickly.

85: When using a 24- hour clock, 3 p. m is: A: ~ 0300 B: ~ 1300 C: ~ 1500 D: ~ 1800

C: ~ 1500 The answer is C. EXPLANATION: 0300 is 3 a.m. 1300 is 1 p.m. 1500 is 3 p.m. 1800 is 6 p.m.

9: What is the normal fluid intake for adults in one day? A: ~ 500-800ml daily B: ~ 100-1500ml daily C: ~ 2000-2500ml daily D: ~ 3000-3500ml daily

C: ~ 2000-2500ml daily The answer is C. EXPLANATION: This is the average fluid intake for adults in one day. The first two answers have a starting number that is too low. 100 and 500 are far below 2,000 ml. The last answer has a value that is too high.

19: Infection control is: A: ~ The way in which infections occur B: ~ An infection limited to a specific part of the body C: ~ A set of methods used to prevent the spread of disease D: ~ An object that has not been contaminated with pathogens

C: ~ A set of methods used to prevent the spread of disease The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Infection control is a system to help stop disease from moving from resident to resident. The other items do not explain what infection control looks like in a facility.

144: If you need to clean up a spill, you should: A: ~ Put the waste directly into the nearest trash can B: ~ Pick up pieces of broken glass with your hands before cleaning spill C: ~ Apply gloves before starting to clean the spill D: ~ Clean the spill with water

C: ~ Apply gloves before starting to clean the spill The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Spills could have disease causing microorganisms (pathogens) in it so we must wear gloves to protect ourselves. Depending on the nature of the waste, a red trash can or a toilet could be needed to remove it instead of the nearest trash can. The rest are not proper ways to clean up a spill.

88: A client needs to be repositioned but is heavy, and the nurse aide is not sure she can move the client alone. The nurse aide should: A: ~ Try to move the client alone B: ~ Have the family do it C: ~ Ask another nurse aide to help. D: ~ Go on to another task.

C: ~ Ask another nurse aide to help. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: If you are not sure you can move a client, get someone else to help you. This will help prevent you from getting hurt. The other options are not appropriate in this situation.

114: To be sure that a client's weight is measured accurately, the client should be weighed: A: ~ After a meal B: ~ By a different caregiver C: ~ At the same time of the day D: ~ After a good night's sleep

C: ~ At the same time of the day The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Weighing a client at the same time of day each time they are measured helps ensure an accurate weight. This allows for fewer alterations in the value. After meals can give a weight that is too high. Using a different caregiver can increase the chances of an incorrect weight. After a good night's sleep helps but the best practice is to weigh the person at the same time of day.

147: The two upper chambers of the heart are called: A: ~ Veins B: ~ Cells C: ~ Atria D: ~ Pericardium

C: ~ Atria The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The Atria is the term for the two upper chambers of the heart. The other terms are not the upper chambers of the heart. Pericardium is the membrane enclosing the heart. Veins flow the blood to the heart. Cells are the smallest units that contain life building materials.

141: If a resident behaves inappropriately, a nursing assistant should: A: ~ Not report the behavior as long as it does not bother the nursing assistant. B: ~ Tell other residents that this resident is perverted. C: ~ Be matter-of-fact and not over-react. D: ~ Tell other nursing assistants what happened and to stay away from the resident.

C: ~ Be matter-of-fact and not over-react. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The nursing assistant should not over-react when a resident behaves inappropriately. The NA should also disapprove the resident's behavior in a matter-of-fact manner.

143: All of the following are signs of approaching death EXCEPT: A: ~ Cold extremities. B: ~ Low blood pressure. C: ~ Circulation increase. D: ~ Labored breathing.

C: ~ Circulation increase. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: One's circulation does not increase when they are dying. It decreases. The rest indicates signs of approaching death.

149: A client tells the nurse aide that his mouth is dry. The nurse aide knows that this client is not allowed to eat or drink anything. The nurse aide should: A: ~ Give the client a glass of ice chips B: ~ Tell the client that there is nothing the nurse aide can do. C: ~ Clean the client's mouth with a moist swab or washcloth. D: ~ Give the client small sips of juice or water.

C: ~ Clean the client's mouth with a moist swab or washcloth. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: We can clean the client's mouth with a moist swab or washcloth when they state their mouth is dry and they are nothing by mouth. The other options do not honor the nothing by mouth status or help the client with alleviating their dry mouth.

64: What is the first sign of pressure sores? A: ~ Swelling B: ~ Numbness C: ~ Discoloration D: ~ Coolness

C: ~ Discoloration The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Discoloration is the first sign. When you press on a reddened area and it does not turn white, this means a pressure ulcer is developing. A caregiver must alert the nurse immediately. Swelling, numbness, or coolness are not the first signs but do need to be reported to a nurse immediately.

22: The first sign of skin breakdown is: A: ~ Coolness B: ~ Bleeding C: ~ Discoloration D: ~ Numbness

C: ~ Discoloration The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The first sign is discoloration such as redness. If after pressing the skin it does not turn lighter when pressed and then returns color after removing pressure, this means this person has a stage one pressure ulcer. This discoloration must be reported immediately.

92: The first sign of skin breakdown is: A: ~ Coolness B: ~ Bleeding C: ~ Discoloration D: ~ Numbness

C: ~ Discoloration The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The first sign is discoloration such as redness. If after pressing the skin it does not turn lighter when pressed and then returns color after removing pressure, this means this person has a stage one pressure ulcer. This discoloration must be reported immediately.

57: What is a good way for a nursing assistant to promote respect, dignity, and privacy when helping a resident with care? A: ~ If a resident takes too long to choose a shirt for the day, choose one for him. B: ~ Knock on the door while a resident is in the bathroom to ask if she is done yet. C: ~ Encourage the resident to do as much as possible for himself. D: ~ Ask a resident to move faster if she is not moving quickly enough

C: ~ Encourage the resident to do as much as possible for himself. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Promoting independence is the best way to demonstrate dignity, respect, and privacy.

35: The circulatory system includes: A: ~ Bones, muscles, tendons B: ~ Brain, spinal cord, nerves C: ~ Heart, blood vessels D: ~ Kidney, ureter, bladder

C: ~ Heart, blood vessels The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The heart and blood vessels make up the circulatory system. The bones, muscles, and tendons make up the musculoskeletal system. The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up the central nervous system. The kidney, ureter, and bladder make up the urinary system.

65: An employer must offer a nursing assistant a free vaccine for _________. A: ~ Diabetes B: ~ AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) C: ~ Hepatitis B D: ~ Hepatitis C

C: ~ Hepatitis B The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Hepatitis B has a three part vaccine that your employer must offer you as this disease is preventable with this vaccine series. The other diseases do not have a vaccine available to prevent them.

31: You do perineal care as a part of Mrs. Simpson's AM routine. When should you change your gloves: A: ~ During care, wash yours hands while they are still on and continue care. B: ~ After you have completed care and dressed the resident. C: ~ Immediately after perineal care is completed. D: ~ Before you dress the resident. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Change your gloves and wash your hands or use an alcohol based rub after perineal care. Then put on new gloves to complete other care like brushing teeth.

C: ~ Immediately after perineal care is completed. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Change your gloves and wash your hands or use an alcohol based rub after perineal care. Then put on new gloves to complete other care like brushing teeth.

146: When putting a transfer belt on a resident, leave enough room between the resident's body and the belt to: A: ~ Insert the resident's knees into the space B: ~ Insert a shoulder into the space C: ~ Insert four fingers into the space D: ~ Insert casts into the space

C: ~ Insert four fingers into the space The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Four fingers into the space is all you need to properly put on a transfer belt to safely move a client. The other options would leave the transfer belt too loose and could cause the client to fall.

67: An ombudsman is a person who: A: ~ Is in charge of the facility B: ~ Teaches nursing assistants how to perform ROM (range of motion) exercises C: ~ Is a legal advocate for residents and helps protect their rights D: ~ Creates special diets for residents

C: ~ Is a legal advocate for residents and helps protect their rights The answer is C. EXPLANATION: An ombudsman looks out for the rights of clients and makes sure clients are receiving needed services. A dietician creates special diets, the Director of Nursing as well as the Executive Director are in charge of the facility, and the nurse teaches the nursing assistants to complete range of motion exercises.

44: Which of the following is true of incontinence? A: ~ It is a normal part of aging B: ~ Overflow incontinence may occur when a person laughs or sneezes C: ~ It can be caused by illness, paralysis, or diseases of the nervous system D: ~ Walking can reduce the need to go to the bathroom

C: ~ It can be caused by illness, paralysis, or diseases of the nervous system The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Incontinence is not a normal part of aging. Walking does not reduce the need to go to the bathroom. Overflow incontinence is the involuntary release of urine due to the weakened bladder becoming too full. Stress incontinence is when urine is released from the bladder when the person laughs or sneezes.

24: An eighty year old couple moved into the center. You walk in and they are in bed together. You should: A: ~ Tell them they can't be in bed together. B: ~ Say, "excuse me", and complete your task. C: ~ Leave the room and give them privacy. D: ~ Leave and go tell the charge nurse.

C: ~ Leave the room and give them privacy. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The couple has a right to privacy and leaving them is the appropriate action. The rest of the actions would not be correct to do in this instance.

61: When transferring a client, MOST of the client's weight should be supported by the nurse aide's A: ~ Back B: ~ Shoulders C: ~ Legs D: ~ Wrists.

C: ~ Legs The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Nurse aides should have a wide base of support and use their legs to lift clients. Using one's back or shoulders will hurt the caregiver. The wrists are too weak to support any weight.

36: The transfer a client from bed to the wheelchair safely, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Place a cushion in back of the wheel B: ~ Use a footstool C: ~ Lock the wheels on the wheelchair. D: ~ Raise the bed to high position.

C: ~ Lock the wheels on the wheelchair. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: You must always lock the wheelchair before transferring a client. This helps prevent them from falling. The other options are not needed when transferring a client.

71: The transfer a client from bed to the wheelchair safely, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Place a cushion in back of the wheel B: ~ Use a footstool C: ~ Lock the wheels on the wheelchair. D: ~ Raise the bed to high position.

C: ~ Lock the wheels on the wheelchair. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: You must always lock the wheelchair before transferring a client. This helps prevent them from falling. The other options are not needed when transferring a client.

21: The normal aging process is BEST defined as the time when: A: ~ People become dependent and childlike B: ~ Alzheimer's disease begins C: ~ Normal body functions and senses decline D: ~ People are over sixty-five years of age.

C: ~ Normal body functions and senses decline The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Body functions and senses tend to decline as we age. Alzheimer's disease does not affect everyone. They do not become more childlike or dependent. The aging process is throughout one's lifetime not just at sixty-five years of age.

4: An example of negligence is: A: ~ Hitting the patient B: ~ Yelling at the patient C: ~ Not meeting a patients physical needs D: ~ All of the above

C: ~ Not meeting a patients physical needs The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Hitting and yelling are forms of abuse and need to be reported to your supervisors immediately. They will help you contact the abuse hotline at 1-866-221-4909 or fill out the online form. You are a mandatory reporter so you must make sure the report becomes filed with the state. Negligence is when a care staff member fails to perform a needed care activity such as feeding a client or taking them to the restroom. All of the above is incorrect as the first two are signs of abuse and not neglect.

94: Assistive devices help residents: A: ~ Fight disease B: ~ Make decisions about care C: ~ Perform ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) D: ~ All of the above

C: ~ Perform ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Assistive devices like a walker help clients ambulate which is an activity of daily living. They do not fight disease or make decisions about care.

6: Which off the following is not needed for weighing: A: ~ Place both weights at zero with the balance centered B: ~ Chart the weight C: ~ Place the rod above the person's head D: ~ Be sure the person is not holding onto the scale

C: ~ Place the rod above the person's head The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Using the rod is only when taking height. The other items are needed when taking someone's weight.

107: To assure that a chair does not move while transferring a resident you should: A: ~ Position the chair facing the bed. B: ~ Position the chair facing away from the bed. C: ~ Position the chair against a wall or solid furniture. D: ~ Position the chair near the foot of the bed facing the foot of the bed.

C: ~ Position the chair against a wall or solid furniture. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Positioning the chair against the wall or solid furniture helps stop it from moving. If it doesn't move, this is safer for the resident as it will not move out from under them when they try to sit down and they will not fall.

79: If a nurse aide discovers a small fire in a client's room, the nurse aide should FIRST: A: ~ Sound the alarm B: ~ Contain the fire C: ~ Remove the client D: ~ Extinguish the fire.

C: ~ Remove the client The answer is C. EXPLANATION: We follow RACE when dealing with a fire. Rescue, Alarm, Confine, and Extinguish or Evacuate. We must remove a client that is near a fire, then sound the alarm, then confine the fire, and either extinguish it or evacuate part or all of the building.

142: Mr. Jones is NPO (Nothing by Mouth). You should: A: ~ Provide a variety of fluids. B: ~ Offer fluids in smaller amounts. C: ~ Remove the water pitcher and glass. D: ~ Hold his oral care.

C: ~ Remove the water pitcher and glass. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: When someone is NPO, we must remove their water pitcher and glass. They cannot have at fluids or food orally. They still need oral care provided.

150: A draw sheet is used to: A: ~ Make residents more comfortable B: ~ Help residents sleep more easily C: ~ Reposition residents without friction on the skin D: ~ Prevent incontinence

C: ~ Reposition residents without friction on the skin The answer is C. EXPLANATION: A draw sheet makes it easier to move clients and prevents friction from occurring on their skin. The other choices are not accurate reasons for using a draw sheet.

91: Which of the following statements is true of restraints? They can be: A: ~ Used if a nursing assistant thinks they are necessary B: ~ Applied if a resident has been rude to staff C: ~ Responsible for injury and/or death to a resident D: ~ Used when staff have too many residents to look after

C: ~ Responsible for injury and/or death to a resident The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Restraints must only be used when necessary. They often cause more harm than therapeutic value so are limited in use. The other reasons are not appropriate when deciding to use a restraint.

54: How should you clean eyeglasses? A: ~ Paper towel B: ~ Facial tissue C: ~ Soft cloth D: ~ All of the above

C: ~ Soft cloth The answer is C. EXPLANATION: A soft cloth is the best way to clean eyeglasses. The other items could scratch or not clean the eyeglasses as well as the soft cloth.

145: The nurse aide is assigned to bath a client. What should the nurse aide do first? A: ~ Test the temperature of the water B: ~ Help the client undress. C: ~ Tell the client what the nurse aide is going to do. D: ~ Close the door and windows.

C: ~ Tell the client what the nurse aide is going to do. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: We need to explain the task to the client as the client has a right to refuse bathing and could choose to do it on a different day. The other items would happen after the bath.

132: If a visitor asks you for medical information, you should: A: ~ Answer the question B: ~ Tell the visitor that it is none of her business C: ~ Tell the visitor to speak with the nurse D: ~ Tell the visitor to talk to the doctor as soon as possible

C: ~ Tell the visitor to speak with the nurse The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The best thing to do when visitors ask for information is to direct them to the nurse. Some visitors are restricted from having information and the nurse will have the list of visitors that are prohibited from receiving it. We do not want to answer the question as they could be someone that is not allowed to have it. The nurse can answer questions and the doctor will only be consulted when necessary.

86: What does the chain of command do? A: ~ The chain of command provides training for caregivers. B: ~ The chain of command addresses client complaints. C: ~ The chain of command describes the line of authority in a facility. D: ~ The chain of command evaluates staff performance.

C: ~ The chain of command describes the line of authority in a facility. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The chain of command helps caregivers know which person to report to when there is a concern in the facility. If there is a maintenance issue, you would report it to maintenance. People in the chain of command could complete training, deal with client complaints, and evaluate staff performance. However, the chain of command is the general term to help all staff know the correct person to report to when necessary.

139: Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions? A: ~ Nursing assistants do not need to practice Standard Precautions if the practice Transmission-Based Precautions B: ~ They are exactly the same as Standard Precautions C: ~ They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions D: ~ They are no longer used

C: ~ They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Transmission-based precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment in addition to the usual practices of washing your hands and wearing gloves when handling body fluids. The other items are not true when it pertains to transmission-based precautions.

38: Why is it a bad idea to wear rings or false nails to work? A: ~ Residents may not like them. B: ~ They may be lost. C: ~ They increase the risk of contamination. D: ~ They may be damaged by frequent hand washing.

C: ~ They increase the risk of contamination. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: False nails and rings can carry infectious materials in them so we should not wear them to work.

116: The skin of the elderly becomes: A: ~ Thicker B: ~ Fatter C: ~ Thinner D: ~ Brittle.

C: ~ Thinner The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Elderly skin becomes thinner as we age due to a loss of elasticity.

83: A safety device used to assist a DEPENDENT client from a bed to a chair is called a: A: ~ Posey vest B: ~ Hand roll C: ~ Transfer/gait belt D: ~ Foot board.

C: ~ Transfer/gait belt The answer is C. EXPLANATION: When transferring a client, one must use a transfer/gait belt to keep yourself and the client safe from injury. The other items do not assist with transferring clients.

51: An angry client curses loudly at the nurse aide. It would be BEST for the nurse aide to: A: ~ put the client to bed immediately B: ~ curse back at the client C: ~ ask the client what is bothering him or her D: ~ restrain the client in case he or she becomes violent

C: ~ ask the client what is bothering him or her The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Restraints should never be used on a client (unless it's a physician order) and cursing back at the client is verbal abuse. Putting the client to bed immediately is restricting his movement and that is also restraint especially since the client did not express that he wants to go to bed. If a client is angry and cursing out loudly, you as the nurse aide should find out what is bothering him or her.

123: What should the nurse aide tell a client who asks for help writing a letter? A: ~ "l am too busy" B: ~ "Write your own" C: ~ "It is not a part of my job" D: ~ "Let's set a time when l can help you"

D: ~ "Let's set a time when l can help you" The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Setting a time when the shift is less busy such as the beginning of evening shift or the end of day shift can help you fulfill this request of the client. You can also ask activity staff to help you. The other responses are inappropriate for this request.

82: Urine and feces should be observed for which of the following: A: ~ Frequency B: ~ Amount C: ~ Color and Odor D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: A caregiver has to note all of these items when reporting urine or feces results for patients. Changes to urine and feces are important information regarding the patient's overall health. Doctors and nurses must act when these have abnormal results. Always report your findings to nursing staff.

110: How does aging affect people? A: ~ Mentally B: ~ Socially C: ~ Physically D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Aging affects all of these areas. We need to respect our clients and recognize that these aspects could hold a challenge for them at this point in their life.

113: When working with the resident, the caregiver should observe the following: A: ~ Bowel and bladder functions B: ~ Ability to move and respond C: ~ Describe objectively resident's description of the pain D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these are important items regarding the resident's care. Make sure to alert the nurse immediately for any reports of pain. Alert the nurse also for any changes in bowel or bladder and the ability to move as well as respond.

5: Which of the following are conditions that increase the risk of pressure sores? A: ~ Warmth B: ~ Moisture C: ~ Pressure D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these items increase one's risk of a pressure ulcer.

148: The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of: A: ~ The brain and spinal cord B: ~ Nerve cells C: ~ Neurons and receptors D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these items make up the central nervous system.

112: We send messages by: A: ~ Written communication B: ~ Body language C: ~ Verbal communication D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these methods are way to communicate with our clients. Written communication involves writing down information. The caregiver or the client can write down information to communicate with each other. Body language involves communicating non-verbally through gestures, facial expressions, and body movements. It can be either intentional or unintentional so we must be aware of our body language so we are not sending the wrong message. Verbal communication involves talking to the client vocally. All of the above is the correct answer as all of these are ways we send messages.

131: When the resident is acutely confused, the caregiver should: A: ~ Reorient the person B: ~ Keep care and activities simple C: ~ Walk with the agitated resident D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these should occur when assisting those with dementia. Reorient the person to what is happening at the moment like bringing them back to the dining room for meals. When they are sharing a memory, do not correct them. Remain in their reality. Use one-step directions when assisting them. Ambulate with agitated residents and bring a cell phone in case of an emergency such as the resident leaving the facility.

16: We use universal precautions: A: ~ To prevent the spread of blood-borne diseases B: ~ To protect ourselves C: ~ When caring for all patients D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: In all of these situations, a caregiver uses universal precautions. A caregiver needs to think that pathogens are everywhere and that they can become infected at any time. Using universal precautions of washing our hands, wearing personal protective equipment when required, and treating all body fluids as possibly having an infection keeps both caregivers and patients safe.

135: What is the function of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control)? A: ~ It makes guidelines to protect and improve health. B: ~ It works to control and prevent disease. C: ~ It makes recommendations for infection control. D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: The Centers for Disease Control complete all of these activities for the improvement of our health in the United States.

14: Normal changes of aging in the brain include: A: ~ Some cognitive impairment B: ~ Slower reaction time C: ~ Less sleep D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: These are all changes of a normal brain during aging. Sleep becomes less restful, reaction times become slower, and some changes in cognition happen as well.

46: To help a resident with ambulation, you must know: A: ~ The resident's abilities B: ~ The resident's disabilities C: ~ Goals for restoring and maintaining function D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: To ensure the resident does not fall, you must know what they can and cannot do. Knowing their goals helps you make sure you ambulate for the amount of feet or time prescribed by their doctor. This will help the client maintain and possibly improve their level of functioning.

93: To help a resident with ambulation, you must know: A: ~ The resident's abilities B: ~ The resident's disabilities C: ~ Goals for restoring and maintaining function D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: To ensure the resident does not fall, you must know what they can and cannot do. Knowing their goals helps you make sure you ambulate for the amount of feet or time prescribed by their doctor. This will help the client maintain and possibly improve their level of functioning.

11: Before providing care, you should: A: ~ Introduce yourself B: ~ Identify the client C: ~ Explain what you are doing D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When providing care, one needs to make sure they have the correct client and to explain the procedure before starting it. Clients have a right to know what person is helping them. Care staff must introduce themselves before starting their work with the client.

25: The chain of command: A: ~ Is the line of authority in a facility B: ~ Can help protect you from liability C: ~ Coordinates care for residents D: ~ All of the above

D: ~ All of the above The answer is D. EXPLANATION: The people in the facility that are higher up assist in coordinating care for the residents, provides the line of authority, and can help stop you from having a liability claim against you by working with the resident to solve their problem.

59: Which of the following is an abuse? A: ~ Sharing confidential information with other residents B: ~ Providing improper treatment C: ~ Charting false information D: ~ All of the above.

D: ~ All of the above. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these are examples of abuse and need to be reported to the hotline at 1-800-562-6078. Consult with your supervisor on assistance with calling the hotline. As a mandatory reporter you have 24 hours to report this information and it is your responsibility.

78: When the residents are helpless and lie in one position for too long, there is a risk of developing: A: ~ Contractures B: ~ Atrophy C: ~ Bedsores D: ~ All of the above.

D: ~ All of the above. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these could occur for someone that is bed bound. Turn them every 2 hours and complete passive range of motion exercises to prevent these instances.

60: What elements are necessary for microbes to grow? A: ~ Food and oxygen B: ~ Warmth C: ~ Moisture D: ~ All of the above.

D: ~ All of the above. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All of these elements are needed for microbes to grow. This can cause disease so we need to do what we can to alleviate these elements from creating disease.

53: Hair care would be performed: A: ~ As part of morning care. B: ~ When getting a person up from resting. C: ~ Whenever it is needed to keep a person well groomed. D: ~ All of the above.

D: ~ All of the above. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When ever it is needed, hair care must be performed. It is apart of bringing respect and dignity to a client.

2: The best way to prevent accidents is: A: ~ Telling the resident to be careful B: ~ Getting angry when a resident falls C: ~ Not placing the call light within the residents reach. D: ~ Answering all call lights promptly.

D: ~ Answering all call lights promptly. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Answering call lights as promptly as possible can prevent accidents. Many people want to use the restroom immediately and will attempt to stand up on their own causing them to fall. Answering their light quickly can alleviate this problem. The other items do not help prevent accidents.

137: When should a nursing assistant identify a resident? A: ~ When collecting meal trays. B: ~ When shifts change. C: ~ After giving care. D: ~ Before helping with feeding.

D: ~ Before helping with feeding. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: You should identify a resident before feeding her to ensure you have the right type and texture of diet for her. Giving a resident a wrong diet can lead to serious consequences including death.

58: How can good body alignment help a client's health? A: ~ By causing serious problems B: ~ By relieving pressure C: ~ By adding comfort D: ~ Both 'b' and 'c'

D: ~ Both 'b' and 'c' The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Relieving pressure helps prevent pressure sores from happening and it alleviates pain when the person is in good body alignment. The person is in less pain with proper positioning.

81: How are blood borne diseases transmitted? A: ~ By touching something that was just sterilized. B: ~ By hugging an infected person. C: ~ By standing too close to an infected person when he coughs. D: ~ By contact with blood or body fluids.

D: ~ By contact with blood or body fluids. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Transmission of blood borne pathogens require direct contact with the blood or body fluids. Body fluids that can transmit blood bourne pathogens include vaginal fluids and semen.

134: What is the most important communication tool all residents use: A: ~ Pen and paper. B: ~ Cell phone. C: ~ Communication board. D: ~ Call light.

D: ~ Call light. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: We must make sure all residents have their call light so they can alert staff when they need something.

42: Serving the wrong meal to a person: A: ~ Is never a problem B: ~ Is okay, but be more careful next time. C: ~ Makes more work for you. D: ~ Can cause severe health problem

D: ~ Can cause severe health problem The answer is D. EXPLANATION: We need to be careful when we pass trays or give meals to clients as it can cause health issues for the clients. If we give someone with swallowing problems a meal that is regular, they could choke on the food which could lead to death. Please be careful when giving out food.

27: Long periods of immobility cause: A: ~ Elevated pulse rate B: ~ Dysphagia ( inability to swallow) C: ~ Heart attack. D: ~ Contractures and atrophy.

D: ~ Contractures and atrophy. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: If we do not assist our clients with exercise, contractures (hardening and shortening of the muscles causing the limb to lose significant mobility) and atrophy which means losing strength as well as wasting away of muscle tissue. We need to assist them with their mobility as much as possible to avoid this situation. The other things do not occur as a direct result of immobility.

125: If the assignment for a client is to "encourage fluids" what MUST the nurse aide remember to do? A: ~ Give the client water only to drink B: ~ Remove the water pitcher from the room C: ~ Remove all solid foods from the tray D: ~ Give a variety of fluids often.

D: ~ Give a variety of fluids often. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: In order to encourage fluids we need to offer liquids often so the person does not become dehydrated. The other options are not correct in encouraging fluids.

43: OSHA rules specify that, when washing out soiled linens, the following must be worn: A: ~ Gloves B: ~ Goggles C: ~ Gloves and goggles. D: ~ Gloves, goggles, and apron.

D: ~ Gloves, goggles, and apron. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: To protect the caregivers clothing, an apron must be worn. Gloves must be worn to protect the caregiver's hands and goggles to protect their eyes. The other options do not include everything needed to wear to wash out soiled linens.

95: Which of the following is a typical task that an NA performs? A: ~ Prescribing treatments B: ~ Administering medication C: ~ Changing a sterile dressing on an open wound D: ~ Helping residents with toileting needs

D: ~ Helping residents with toileting needs The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Helping residents with toileting needs is one of the activities of daily living (ADL). ADLs are within NA's scope of practice.

26: Dementia is: A: ~ Temporary loss of bladder control B: ~ Abnormal drowsiness of lack of energy C: ~ Condition resulting from too much insulin of too little food D: ~ Impairment of mental power

D: ~ Impairment of mental power The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Dementia results in a loss of mental abilities. The person starts to forget things which extends into a loss to perform activities of daily living over time. The others are not definitions of dementia.

106: The Nursing Assistant should deal with sexuality: A: ~ With disgust and disapproval B: ~ By taking away the rights to privacy C: ~ By scolding the resident D: ~ In a mature and professional manner

D: ~ In a mature and professional manner The answer is D. EXPLANATION: We need to respect people's sexuality and remain mature when addressing a resident's sexuality. The other items are inappropriate when acknowledging this aspect of the resident's life.

87: What does AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) always do to the body? A: ~ It causes blindness B: ~ It causes the patient to have cold symptoms C: ~ It destroys the lungs D: ~ It destroys the immune system

D: ~ It destroys the immune system The answer is D. EXPLANATION: AIDS causes destruction to the immune system. A person with AIDS is more likely to get cold symptoms or have breathing difficulties such as getting pneumonia. AIDS did not cause those two however. Another infection caused the cold symptoms or pneumonia. AIDS does not cause blindness.

20: Psychosocial needs include the following: A: ~ Bathing B: ~ Activity C: ~ Sleep and rest D: ~ Love and affection

D: ~ Love and affection The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Psychosocial needs pertain or concern the resident's mental and emotional needs such as love and affection.

90: If a resident has a seizure, you should: A: ~ Give him water B: ~ Leave him alone to avoid embarrassing him C: ~ Restrain him so he is not hurt D: ~ Lower him to the floor in a safe place

D: ~ Lower him to the floor in a safe place The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Let a client with a seizure finish it in a safe place on the floor. Make sure all hazards are moved away from the client. The other actions would be inappropriate when someone is having a seizure.

111: The nurse aide is caring for a confused client. The nurse aide should: A: ~ Avoid talking to the client while providing care B: ~ Keep the client's room dark C: ~ Speak loudly to the client D: ~ Maintain a routine for the client.

D: ~ Maintain a routine for the client. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: The best thing we can do for confused clients is to maintain a routine for them. That helps them anticipate what is coming next. The other options are not good to do with confused clients.

48: Which member of the care team diagnoses disease and prescribes treatment? A: ~ Resident B: ~ Nursing assistant (NA) C: ~ Dietitian (RD) D: ~ Physician (MD)

D: ~ Physician (MD) The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Only a medical doctor's scope of practice includes diagnosing disease and prescribing treatment.

40: When a client is sleeping in bed, the client's eyeglasses should be: A: ~ Wrapped in a towel B: ~ Left on the top of the bedside table C: ~ Placed in a special cleaning solution. D: ~ Placed in the drawer of the bedside stand.

D: ~ Placed in the drawer of the bedside stand. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: To avoid them falling off a table and breaking, the best place to put eyeglasses are in the drawer of the bedside stand. The other options could damage the eyeglasses.

12: Clean bed linen placed in a client's room but not used should be: A: ~ Returned to the linen closet B: ~ Used for a client in the next room C: ~ Taken to the nurse charge D: ~ Put in the dirty linen container

D: ~ Put in the dirty linen container The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Once linen is placed in a room it is considered contaminated. It can only be used for that client. If it isn't something that can be stored for later use, you must put it in the dirty linen container. You cannot return it to the linen closet or used for another client as it is now contaminated.

136: If the caregiver discovers a fire in a client's room, the best thing to do is: A: ~ Call the nurse in charge B: ~ Try to put out the fire C: ~ Open a window D: ~ Remove the client

D: ~ Remove the client The answer is D. EXPLANATION: The caregiver first needs to remove the client if there is a fire present. The client is in immediate danger and the caregiver is responsible to remove the client. Opening a window will introduce oxygen into the room causing the fire to grow larger. The fire department can put out the fire. The caregiver can alert the nurse in charge after the removal of the client.

133: If the nurse aide discovers fire in a client's room, the FIRST thing to do is: A: ~ Call the nurse in charge B: ~ Try to put out the fire C: ~ Open a window D: ~ Remove the client.

D: ~ Remove the client. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When remembering fire safety, think of RACE. We want to first rescue the client when there is a fire in their room. The fire can quickly escalate in as little as three minutes so we need to get the client out of the room as fast as possible. The other items would be inappropriate in this situation.

69: When a resident refuses to let the nursing assistant take her blood pressure, the nursing assistant should: A: ~ Tell the resident that she must have it taken to prevent a serious illness B: ~ Take the resident's blood pressure anyway C: ~ Tell the resident that if she does this, she will get dessert later D: ~ Report this to the nurse

D: ~ Report this to the nurse The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Residents have a right to refuse care. When a resident refuses, report it to the nurse and the nurse will decide the next actions.

37: Residents who are incontinent: A: ~ Should be scolded when they have an accident B: ~ Are usually too lazy to go to the bathroom C: ~ Should not drink water D: ~ Should be given good perennial care every time they have an incontinent episode

D: ~ Should be given good perennial care every time they have an incontinent episode The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Giving good peri-care for residents help them to avoid experiencing a urinary tract infection or skin breakdown. Incontinent residents cannot avoid urinary problems and need to be treated with respect. The other options would be incorrect when caring for an incontinent client.

120: Which of the following is not an example of neglect? A: ~ Failure to give assigned care B: ~ Giving improper care C: ~ Not following the plan care D: ~ Taking vital signs

D: ~ Taking vital signs The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Taking vital signs is performing care that is needed. The other items are examples of neglect.

45: A mentally challenged male has the behavior of a three to four year old. He Asks, "Can l be your old man and go home with you." You should tell him: A: ~ Absolutely not ---No way! B: ~ To go eat his meal in the dining. C: ~ That you don't need an old man. D: ~ That you can't take him home with you.

D: ~ That you can't take him home with you. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: The best response is to say that you cannot let him go home with you and that he needs to stay here at the facility. The other responses would be inappropriate.

62: Using proper body mechanics includes all of the following EXCEPT: A: ~ Bending knees while lifting B: ~ Standing with feet shoulder-width apart while lifting C: ~ Keeping an object close to the body after lifting it D: ~ Twisting at the waist when moving an object

D: ~ Twisting at the waist when moving an object The answer is D. EXPLANATION: You do not want to twist at the waist when moving an object as that can hurt your back. You want to walk to where you are going to place the object and not twist your waist.

28: To BEST communicate with a client who is totally deaf, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Smile frequently and speak loudly B: ~ Smile often and talk rapidly. C: ~ Avoid eye contact. D: ~ Write out information.

D: ~ Write out information. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: For someone that is absolutely deaf, writing out information is the best way to communicate with them. We still want to provide eye contact. Speaking loudly or rapidly will not help someone who is deaf understand you.