Practice questions

will the inhibition of complexes I and II affect the activity of complex 3 which affects activity of complex 4 in the ETC?

inhibition of complexes I and II affects the activity of complex 3 which affects activity of complex 4 in the ETC

inserting a dielectric in between plates of a capacitor will do to the capacitance?

inserting a dielectric in between plates of a capacitor makes the capacitance go up. Since v is constant, the charge stored Q must go up in this case.

Neustress

is neutral stress having little impact on you

muscle tone is what? and what does the word Flaccid mean

is the resistance of muscle to passive, continuous strecth. Flaccid is a word often used to describe hypotonic muscles

one of the most important functions of the liver

is to synthesize and store glycogen that can be used as energy by the body.

does the wind resistance increase when the flight time increases

it decreases

A second- or third-order relationship at low substrate concentration would show what relationship?

it would show a primarily non-linear relationship between CTP concentration and reaction velocity.

which of the following best describes the bonds between Cu2+ and the nitrogen atoms of the ammonia molecules in [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

it's a coordinate covalent. Its because the lewis acid-base interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is known as a coordinate covalent bond

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate is at what pH?

know Carbonic acid and bicarbonate at pH = 7.4

larger the value of pKb, the weaker or stronger the base.

larger the value of pKb, the weaker the base. (The smaller the value of pKb, the stronger the base)

if there is less energy is there fewer or more frequencies

less energy means fewer frequency

ln to log

ln to log => lnx = 2.3logx

log .1=

log .1=-1

longitudinal waves are sometimes called

longitudinal waves are someties called compression waves

mass percent is

mass of the element/total mass of molecule

if the Medium A angle of incidence is 40 degrees while medium B refracted angle is 30 degrees to the normal - which medium will be denser. If it is denser, will the light ray move slower or faster

medium B is denser.

What is metabolism dependent on

metabolism is also dependednt on temp. low temp low cellular metabolism.

nM=? and uM=?

nM=10^-9 and uM=10^-6

negative symptoms of schizophrenia -

negative symptoms of schizophrenia - include apathy, decreased expression, and lack of energy

what does Obsolete mean

no longer produced or used; out of date.

normal individuals are sensitive to sounds between what hz??

normal individuals are sensitive to sounds between 20-20,000Hz = sounds above 20,000 hz and below 20 hz are present in environment

Directional selection

occurs when one extreme of a trait is favored over another and the population starts to express that extreme phenotype more often.

D and L are what and how do the differ

once again D and L mean enantiomers and they differ at one stop making it an epimer

what does it mean when it says there is one dimensional

one dimensional means that is one variable

a culture group that is in a pathologic state is

one in which some parts are not fulfilling their intended functions.

the man came in with a pounding heart, chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and feeling dizzy - this reveals that the man did not have a heart attack, what did he have?

panic attack

what is parallel processing in terms of using components of vision

parallel processing - breaking down of components of vision and then using the various individual components collectively

how is parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for digestive system

parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestive functions like peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle of the stomach and small intestine

when you titrate with a strong acid and base what will the curve look like

ph= pka + log (acid/base) while ph= pka + log (base/acid) just to know when you titrate with a strong acid and base the curve will look sigmoidal

how does phase cancellation occur with 2 waves

phase cancellation occurs when two signals of the same frequency are out of phase with each other resulting in a net reduction in the overall level of the combined signal.

would phenylalanine residues increase or decrease the entropy of the water molecules surrounding the protein

phenylalanine residues are rarely s of cytosolic proteins beause their presence would decrease the entropy of the water molecules surrounding the protein

phosphoenolpyruvate - is a product of which cycle

phosphoenolpyruvate - is a product of glycolysis not the citric acid cycle

cystenine has pkacoh of 1.9 and pkanh3 of 10.3 and pka R of 8.4. the isoelectric point of cysteine is

pi=(1.9+8.4)/2 = 10.3/2 = 5.15

what is positive and negative selectoin

positive selection - occurs when a particular allele becomes more likely to be passed on proceeding generations negative selection - is the oppsote - it would have a decreased chance of being passed on to future generations

do prokaryotes go through mitosis or meiosis

prokaryotes don't do mitosis or meiosis

can prokaryotic RNA polymerase transcribe human genes

prokaryotic RNA polymerase can transcribe human genes

what does "anterior" and "posterior" mean and "dorsal" and "ventral" mean

"anterior" and "posterior" are in front of (or before) and behind (or after), those of "dorsal" and "ventral" are toward the spine and toward the belly, and those of "superior" and "inferior" are above and below.

. A balloon has a volume of 3.0 L at 25°C. What is the approximate volume of the balloon at 50°C?

(3.0 L)/(300 K) = V2/(320 K) [(3.0)(320)] / (300) = (3.0)(1.1) = 3.3 L

acquiesce means

- accept something reluctantly but without protest.

log .10 =

-1

rbc content are dependent on what for ATP production.

rbc lack mitochondria so so the rbc are dependent on glycolysis alone for ATP production.

reduced ATP levels could result in higher or lower intracellular calcium and would contraction occur?

reduced ATP levels could result in high intracellular calcium and persistent contraction

inferior colliculus -

regulates specific somatosensory reflexes such as starle reflex. a reflexive signal does not reach the brain but instead is relayed directly through the spinal cord and back to the foot

types of statistical tests -

A ONE TAILED T TEST, A ONE WAY ANOVA (Analysis of variance), Logistic regression and a MANOVA

which statistical tests are tests that all compare means between groups and are not appropriate for binary data (defined dependent variable of reposne or no response).

A ONE TAILED T TEST, A ONE WAY ANOVA (Analysis of variance), and a MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance)

What is a A transposable element (TE or transposon)?

A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

What is right-to-work law?

right-to-work law is: a law specifying that workers cannot be legally required to join a union or to pay union dues

rods provide vision in low or hight lights and cones in low or high lights.

rods provide vision in low lights and cones in brighter.

what is the Unit for k (rate constant) =

s-1

where are secretory proteins synthesized in? Folding of secretory proteins occurs in the?

secretory proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Folding of secretory proteins occurs in the RER not the cytoplasm

in order to balance on one foot, many people need to have their eyes open. what is this an example of

sensory interaction - which is the idea that one sensory modality (vision) may influence another (balance) this is under behavior science.

shorter wavelength = higher or lower frequency and high or lower energy

shorter wavelength = higher frequency and high energy

what does it mean when it says that something is necessary -

so necessary is really saying REQUIRED like you need to have

what is the opposite of theory of mind

so theory of mind and egocentrism can be seen as oppositeis because egocentrisim is inability to understand that others'mental states differ from one's own

BP=

BP=CO x TPR

Bias tends to be directed toward out or in group members

Bias tends to be directed toward out group members

Illness anxiety disorder is called what and what is it?

sometimes called hypochondria or health anxiety, is worrying excessively that you are or may become seriously ill. You may have no physical symptoms.

specific gravity of a material is defined as what

specific gravity of a material is defined as its density divided by the density of water.

specific heat capacity of water is

specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J/g°C

besides killing RBC what other role does spleen have?

spleen is an organ of the immune system and functions in clearing infectious agetns from the bloodstream

standard version of a dichotic listening task involves presenting what?

standard version of a dichotic listening task involes presenting 2 diff. auditory messages, one to each ear

acetylene =

C2H2

Carbonic acid is a weak or strong diprotic acid (which you must know, with regard to blood buffering).

Carbonic acid is a weak diprotic acid (which you must know, with regard to blood buffering).

What is Complex variable?

Complex variable - an infinite number of distinctions ex: extraversion

digestion of proteins begins in what organ

stomach

what is another word for visual cortex.

straite coretex -

what does the Eustachian tube do

Eustachian tube is less related to hearing but more important for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the environment

What is the liver enzyme that converts glucose into glycogen

Glycogen synthestase

HCLO a weak or strong acid

HCIO is also a weak acid,

Head and thorax make up the anterior or posterior position

Head and thorax make up the anterior position

which has a larger abosolute diff. threshold - Heavier or light weight

Heavier weight as a larger abosolute diff. threshold than a lighter weight

Hydroxylation is

Hydroxylation is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound.

IF A MATERIAL'S MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IS LESS THAN ZERO WILL IT BE DIAGMAGNETIC OR PARAMAGNETIC

IF A MATERIAL'S MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IS LESS THAN ZERO THAN IT WILL BE REPELLED BY AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD =DIAGMAGNETIC. Remember if the element has unpaired electrons it is paramagnetic

alternating and direct

In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction. Electric charge in alternating current (AC), changes direction periodically.

Isoelectric electrophoresis is separated by

Isoelectric electrophoresis = separate by charge

how is the kreb cycle inhibited or slowed?

It is slowed by a high atp/adp ratio but it can not function in the absence of oxygen. Once acetyl coa enters kreb sycle it is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O

Who created conflict theory, Functionalism symbolic interactionism and Social constructivism

Karl marx - conflict theory Functionalism is a study of consciousness developed by William James. Herbert Blumer - symbolic interactionism Social constructivism was developed by Vygotsky.

(125nM/s)/(5.0uM) = 2.5x10^-2s-1

Kcat=vmax/(e) so (125nM/s)/(5.0uM) = 2.5x10^-2s-1

The equations of pertinence are Keq = kforward/kreverse or what else?

Keq < 1 and T∆S˚reaction > ∆H˚reaction ∆G˚ = -RT lnKeq and ∆G˚ = ∆H˚ - T∆S˚.

Lacteals are responsible for what?

Lacteals are lymphatic vessels responsible for the absorption of lipids from the lumen of the small intestine.

What does liver breakdown

Liver breaksdown caffeine, bile production, angiotensinogen synthesis

would the Loss of Hair cells cause a loss of hearing

Loss of Hair cells - would cause a loss of hearing

would the loss of superior olive cause a loss of hearing

Loss of superior olive - lead to deficits in the localization of sound but not hearing loss

if the Medium A angle of incidence is 40 degrees while medium B refracted angle is 30 degrees to the normal - which medium will be bent toward the normal

Medium A angle of incidence is 40degrees while medium B refracted angle is 30degrees to the normal - we know that means medium B the light is bent toward the normal which means that medium B is denser.

What is the difference between systematic error and random error

systematic error, as opposed to random error, are ones that consistently bias results from an experiment - so if a magnetic field pointed perpendicularly to the path of positron emission that would affect the results since it will deflect moving positive charges. The existence of an external electric field directed from the bottom of the detector to the top of the detecetor would affect the results since all electric charges are affected by external electric fields but the idea that a technician administer FDG doses vary randomly is not a systematic error because the technician will not consistenly bias the results in one direction

does temp. increase or decrease as you go from s-> gas.

temp. increases as you go from s-> gas.

what is the order of electrons as it goes ( fad, nad, o2, coQ)

NAD->FAD->CoQ->O2

what kind of transport is Na/K+

Na/K+ was a primary active transport

Neodymium (atomic symbol Nd) is what type of element?

Neodymium (atomic symbol Nd) is an f-block element, or lanthanide element, which are sometimes referred to as the rare earth elements.

Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation states

that being in presence of others significantly raises arousal. This enhances the ability to perform simple, familiar tasks and inhibits performance of complex, unfamiliar tasks .

a loss of impcit memory is associated with what part in the brain

the amygdala

where is the optic disk located

Optic disk is located in the back of the eye

The anion in phosphorous acid is phosphite- how is it written?

PO33-.

what are the phases of PP and what is made

PPP and there is a oxidative phase and a nonoxidative phase for the oxidative phase we are making ribulose 5 phophaste which will be used in the nonoxidative phase to make glycolysis. NADPH is also made in the oxidative phase to

where is PPP is going to be found where there is a lot of...? what are some of the processes that use the PPP

PPP is going to be found where there is a lot of fatty acid. There I smore fatty acids in adipose than muscle cells. The tissues with the greatest pentose phosphate pathway activity reveal its function in producing NADPH for reductive biosynthesis like: Lactating mammary: fatty acid biosynthesis • Gonads and adrenal cortex: steroid hormone synthesis • Liver: fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis • Red blood cells: reduction of glutathione (GSH) (Fig. 9-2)

does Prokaryotes have mitochondria

Prokaryotes lack mitochondria

what does pulmonary surfactant do?

Pulmonary surfactant adsorbs to the air-water-alveoli interface, reducing surface tension and the total force resisting expansion. This increases pulmonary compliance—a measure of lung volume change at a given pressure of inspired air—and decreases the work required to expand the lungs at a given atmospheric pressure

what is Smoking cessation

Smoking cessation is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking.

Somatropes secrete what kind of hormone

Somatropes secrete GH

What is the chief lymphatic organ of the body and is involved in fighting infection.

Spleen is the chief lymphatic organ of the body and is involved in fighting infection.

THE AROMATIC SIDE CHAIN has longer or shorter wavelengths and so will have higher or lower energy than peptide bonds.

THE AROMATIC SIDE CHAIN has longer wavelentgths and hence lower energy than peptide bonds. Because the ernegy of the photon matches the energy gap between the ground and the excited state, this implies that the aromatic side chain has more closely spaced energy levels so the absorbed photon energy is lower

is anomeric carbon a stereocenter or not

The anomeric carbon is a stereocenter. An important feature is the direction of the OH group attached to the anomeric carbon.

what will the brain use after prolonged periods of starvation

The brain will continue to use glucose because if a nonbrain tissue is using fatty acids than the use of lucose in the same tissue is switched off so when fatty acids are being broken down for energy than the remaining glucose is made available for use by brain

Which of the following describes the "buffer" region in a titration curve?

The flat portion of the curve just before the equivalence point

What is the strain theory?

The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream) though they lack the means, this leads to strain which may lead the individuals to commit crimes.

as the number of oxygen increases , acidity increases or decreases.

Thus metal attracts more electron density from O-H , making it acidic. Now as the number of oxygen increases , acidity increases. Strength of acid depends on the bond strength of the O-H bond in the acid and the stability of the conjugate base.

Continued fasting leads to the production of what?

then continued fasting leads to the production of ketone bodies by sustained fatty acid oxidation. When there is a sustained fatty acid oxidation there will be a higher level of ketone bodies

In order for an enzyme obeying the Michaelis-Menten model to reach 1/2 of its maximum velocity:

[S] must be equal to 1 Km.

The nanogram is equal to

to one billionth of a gram (10-9g)

why is tosylate or p-toluenesulfonate ion used

tosylate or p-toluenesulfonate ion is generally used ot make an alcohol into a better electrophile and they prefer alcohols than carboxylic acids

difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin

type 1: insulin deficiency type 2: insulin resistance

ubiquitination targets what?

ubiquitination targets a protein for degradation by a proteasome

halo effect ->

using previous judgements about a person to evaluate new qualities

does vasopressin have an antidiuretic or diuretic effect

vasopressin has an antidiuretic effect

explain the common ion effect. Between .01M so42- vs .03MSO42- which one has the higher concentration of sulfate

when an ion is present in soln, it becomes harder to dissolve more of that ion. So the higher conc. Of Ba2+ or SO42- the less BaSO4 that will dissolve. So the choices that I picked - the soln contains .01M so42- while B said soln containing .03MSO42- because iron (3) sulfate is Fe2(SO4)3 - this is the part I missed so choice B has the higher conc. Of sulfate, it will have the lowest solubility of Barium sulfate

will there be an increase or decrease in entropy when gtp is converted to gdp,

when gtp is converted to gdp, it realses a phsotpahte group. Since there are now more molecules than there were before and the system is less ordered. there should be an increase in entrop and not a decrease

the lone pair of electrons in ammonia allows the molecule to act as what?

a lewis base in water - lewis base is a substance that donates an electron pair in forming a covalent interaction.

what is a protease - a lyase or hydrolase?

a protease is it a hydrolase

Which of the following best describes a chemical species that is measured to have Kb = 3.2 x 10^-18 ​​A. a strong acid B. A strong base C. A strong acid D. A weak acid

a strong acid kw = Ka x Kb 1.0x10^-14 = ka x 3.2×10^−18 Ka = 3.125x10^3 Ka >1 means strong acid

Which of the following would have the weakest conjugate acid?

a strong base

LGN

a structure in the optic tract that is responsible for processing information like shape and movement and it is located in the thalamus

The question says a sample of silicon from normal composition of silcon has 90% of 28si, 7% of 29 Si, 3% of 30Si so what is the question asking about and how is calculated

about the weight of 1 mole of silicon sample. Molar weight is calculated by taking the weight sum of the weights of the diff. isotopes. So just do .9(28) + .07(29) + .03(20) = 28.13all I had to

is acetic acid is a weak or strong acid

acetic acid is a weak acid so its conjugate base would be a weak base NOT A STRONG BASe

what is alpha-hydroxyketones -

alpha-hydroxyketones - ketons with a hydroxyl group on a carbon next to the ketone

does bacteria contain circular or linear chromosomes and do they undergo meiosis or mitosis

bacteria contain a single circular chromosome but remember THEY DO NOT UNDERGO MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS

what is the order of increasing oxidation potential for Ca, Fe, Cs, Sr

be Cs>Sr>Ca>Fe in order of increasing oxidation potential

bicarbonate is a good or poor nucleophile.

bicarbonate is a poor nucleophile.

an anomic relationship -

breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society .

is Cl- an electron withdrawing or electron donating group

cl are electron withdrawing and its more electronegative.

which is lighter co2 or So2. the one that is lighter will have a lower or greater rate of effusion

co2 is lighter than SO2 which will mean CO2 has a greater particle velocity. Because of that it will have a greater rate of effucsion from the flask. Both gases escape, so each experiences a decrease in its partial pressure. Remember the mole fraction represents the portion fo the gas mixture due to a particular component.

concept of pain and how it is tolerated is regulated by

concept of pain and how it is tolerated is regulated by the brain

what is the meaning of counter

counter is used with the meanings "against,""contrary," "opposite,"

what are craving symptoms?

craving symptoms (strong desire to ingest a drug)

cyanide nucleophile will cause a decrease or increase to a carbon chain

cyanide nucleophile will cause an increase in the carbon chain

Myoglobin has a reduced affinity for CO due to the presence of His E7, which causes steric hindrance and results in a weaker binding of CO. Replacing the His E7 residue with a glycine residue would MOST likely cause an effective: I. decrease in myoglobin affinity for CO. II. decrease in myoglobin affinity for O2. III. increase in myoglobin affinity for O2.

decrease in myoglobin affinity for O2. Free myoglobin has a much higher affinity for CO than it does for O2. However, the presence of the His E7 residues causes steric hindrance and forces the CO molecule to bind in a weaker fashion, effectively decreasing the affinity. By replacing the His E7 residue with glycine, a small amino acid, the CO-binding is free of hindrance, effectively increasing the affinity of myoglobin for this toxin.

morbidity -

degree of illness associated with a disease

Decreased dopamine and serotonin levels are indicative of what psych disease

depression

what does cooperation describe

describes a scenario in which both parties benefit

do different tissues in the body have similar or different heat capacities?

different tissues in the body have different heat capacities. the human body is not homogeneous and different tissues have different proportions of water, fat, protein, and other materials.

what does it mean to be aprotic

does not have the O-H or N-H bonds ("aprotic").

a dopamine agonist is found to have dose dependent effects. what does this mean? A dopamine agonsist enhances or decreases the function of dopamine in the nervous system - meaning will it have a positive correlation between the dose and the intensity of euphoria experienced is most likely

dopamine agonist is found to have dose dependent effects. A dopamine agonsist enhances the fuction of dopamine in the nervous system. a positive correlation between the dose and the intensity of euphoria experienced is most likely

What is dysthymia and if you see the word hypomania what disorder would that indicate to you

dysthymia - is a less severe tdepressed mood that it maybe cyclothymic disorder

what causes hyperpolarization (makes membrane potential more negative

efflux of positive ions out of cells or influx of negative ions into cells causes hyperpolarization (makes membrane potential more negative

two hormones that can break glycogen back down into glucose are

epinephrine and glucagon.

High states of physiological arousal are correlated with increased expression of what excitatory neurotransmitter

epinephrine rather than dopamine or serotonin

spatial memory is and what part in the brain is a key area for spatial memory

essentail for navigating in the world and remembering landmarks and diections anterior hippocampus is a key area for spatial memory

absorption of light by a molecule normally requires what

extensive conjugation

the frequency that the person on the railcar hears before passing the horn is larger than the actual frequency of the sound emitted, while the person hears a frequency lower than the actual frequency after passing the horn. which is the f and which is f'

f'=the person on the railcar while the f was the horn

what synthesis is required for the replication of many viruses

fatty acid synthesis is required for the replication of many viruses and increased glucose may feed this pathway in many virus-infected cells. increased glucose uptake may also be required to feed other metabolic pathways duringviral infection While many viruses induce and require glycolysis, its exact role in viral replication and during latent infections is not entirely clear. If glucose uptake and utilization isincreased, ATP can be produced more rapidly through aerobicglycolysis.

constraint theory -

focuses on seemingly innate biases that children use by themselves in learning words

hydrogens on a benzene ring are found in what the proton NMR.

hydrogens on a benzene ring are found in the 7± region of the proton NMR.

what does hydrolase do

hydrolases - use H2O to break covalent bonds

for hyperventilation is there a loss of CO2 or O2 and what is in the blood CO2 or O2

hyperventilation, there is a loss of CO2 and an increase in O2 in the blood

which structure contains receptors that detect the increase in osmolarity of her blood (pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, kidneys)

hypothalamus

if total peripheral resitance drops blood pressure will increase or decrease drops -

if total peripheral resitance drops blood pressure drops - during exercise the arterioles bringing blood to the skeletal muscles dilate, allowing more blood flow to these working tissues (vasodilation) which will lower blood pressure. While an increase heart rate, increased stroke volume and constriction of arterioles supplying blood to the digestive tract and kidneys will increase BP (this specifically increases total peripheral resistance)

in humans, eggs and sperm are most similar in what genome size, cell size, the time required for development, the numbers produced by a single individual?

in humans, eggs and sperm are most similar with respect to genome size - both contain a haploid number of chromosomes and are therefore they are most similar with respect to their genome size. They differ in cell size, the time required for development, the numbers produced by a single individual

increase muscle contraction produces a large or small amount of metabolic heat which consumes large amounts of ATP which prompt an incrase in O2 consumption during metabolic respiration -

increase muscle contraction produce a large amount of metabolic heat which consumes large amounts of ATP which prompt an incrase in O2 consumption during metabolic respiration

-ate vs -ite

-ate means more oxygen while -ite is less

when is the reproductive years

13.4 is before the reproductive years

is speed of light the same as speed of sound

3X10^8 IS SPEED OF LIGHT SO YOU CANT USE THAT WHEN LOOKING FOR SPEED OF SOUND WAYS TO REMEMBER

3rd ionization energy is higher than the first 2 so what does that mean for the 3rd electron

3rd electron is being removed from a stable shell (half or fully filled) so magnesium out of cholirine, potassium, selenium is the best choice

Volume of a sphere is

4/3pir^3

A carboxylic acid peak is broad in what range? A disubstituted aromatic ring shows 4H in the aromatic region in what range? An aldehyde proton is found in what range?

A carboxylic acid peak is broad and in the range of 10 to 12 ppm, which the spectrum shows. A disubstituted aromatic ring shows 4H in the aromatic region around 7 to 8 ppm, which the spectrum does. An aldehyde proton is found around 9 to 9.5 ppm

which particle is a photon of electromagnetic energy, which does not have mass (gamma, alpha, beta).

A gamma particle is a photon of electromagnetic energy, which does not have mass.

what does it mean to have A high fecundity

A high fecundity means an organism is able to produce more offspring.

A person with low muscle tone has a very low or high resistance to muscle stretch.

A person with low muscle tone has a very low resistance to muscle stretch.

pronucleus was vs. just a regular nucleus

A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization,

According to Bernoulli's principle, as the fluid speed increases, the pressure exerted against the walls of the container decrease or increase.

According to Bernoulli's principle, as the fluid speed increases, the pressure exerted against the walls of the container decrease.

when will the body utilize proteins

After prolonged periods of starvation, the body will utilize proteins within muscle tissue as a fuel, after exhaustion of lycogen reserve, faty acids are the principal metabolic fuel.

B amyloid indicates what disease

Alzheimer

enlarged cerebral ventricles, diffuse cortical atrophy, deficiencies in abstract thinking history of TBI, and old age are indicators of what disease

Alzheimer's disease

An SN1 or SN2 reaction proceeds by way of a mechanism in which the leaving group (in this case, a chloride) dissociates in a kinetically slow step, producing a planar carbocation which is then rapidly attacked by a nucleophile

An SN1 reaction proceeds by way of a mechanism in which the leaving group (in this case, a chloride) dissociates in a kinetically slow step, producing a planar carbocation which is then rapidly attacked by a nucleophile

An intramolecular reaction would reduce or increase hydrogen bonding to surrounding water and make a molecule less water soluble.

An intramolecular reaction would reduce hydrogen bonding to surrounding water and make a molecule less water soluble.

what must an organic compound contain carbon and hydrogen in its formula? What bond is between a carbon and hydrogen atom

An organic compound must contain carbon and hydrogen in its formula. Furthermore, there must be a covalent bond between a carbon and hydrogen atom in the molecular structure.

As the conjugate acid gets stronger, the conjugate base gets stronger or weaker.

As the conjugate acid gets stronger, the conjugate base gets weaker.

As the current decreases, what does that do to the intensity of the light?

As the current decreases, so does the intensity of the light. This means that the light would dim and remain dim as long as the circuit is connected to the battery of lesser voltage.

As the temperature of the system is increased, what should be observed for the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium in terms of heat?

As the temperature is increased, heat is being added to the system. Because the reaction is endothermic, heat can be thought of as a reactant, so the reaction shifts in the forward direction when heat is added.

Combining the masses of two separate nuclei is defined as fusion or fission?

Combining the masses of two separate nuclei is defined as fusion, not fission.

Which of the following criteria accurately describes the primary difference between a strong versus weak acid?

Complete versus partial ionization in solution is the primary determinant of whether an acid is considered weak.

Blocking what receptor will reduce schizophrenia symptoms

Blocking dopamine receptors wil reduce schizophrenia symptoms

what will give the best estimate of the relative vapor pressure

Boiling point of a substance will give best estimate of its relative vapor pressure

what two nucleotides are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP)

Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is the first compound in the pathway to have a completely formed purine ring system.

Which of the following is the STRONGEST reducing agent (magnesium or nickel metal)?

Both magnesium metal and nickel metal can lose electrons, but it is more favorable for magnesium to lose electrons than for nickel to lose electrons.

What migrates toward the cathode in a gel electrophoresis experiment (anion or cathode)

Cations migrate toward the cathode in a gel electrophoresis experiment (or in any experiment that places the compounds between two charged plates).

What is Cell-mediated immunity?

Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

in extractions what are solvents and why are they used

In extractions - solvents are liquids used to separate compounds of interest using chemical and physical characteristics

What is the Convergence theory

Convergence theory has its roots in the functionalist perspective, which assumes that societies have certain requirements that must be met if they are to survive and operate effectively.

Cooling the walls of the piston chamber would cool the gas inside which would decrease or the increase the volume of the gas

Cooling the walls of the piston chamber would cool the gass inside which would decrease the volume of the gas

why is the Corpus Callosum cut

Corpus Callosum was cut to prevent severe epilepsy.

what is diotic?

Diotic is the same as binaural, and means hearing one, two, or more, sound sources with two ears, and then making sense of where that/those sound(s) are coming from.

what is discriminatino

Discrimination is a behavior not an attitude, nor bias, nor idea

what is esterfication

Esterficiation is when an organic acid and alcohol are combined by way of dehydration to form an ester

Formaldehyde with ammonia forms what

Formaldehyde with ammonia = imine

From the functionalist perspective, almost all social actions have manifest functions and/or latent functions, both of which are connected to overall social stability.

From the functionalist perspective, almost all social actions have both manifest functions and latent functions, both of which are connected to overall social stability.

Macro level analysis is a hallmark of which perspectives.

Functionalism and conflict theory allow macro level analysis

what is the restriction point which a cell is committed to undergoing mitosis

G1 is the restriction point which a cell is committed to undergoing mitosis

equation when you have G and Gdegree

G=G+RTlnQ

Gadh glyceraldehyde3 phosphatase catalyzes the reversible conversion of what?

Gadh glyceraldehyde3 phosphatase catalyzes the reversible conversion of glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate

Genomic imprinting

Genomic imprinting is an inheritance process independent of the classical Mendelian inheritance. It is an epigenetic process that involves DNA methylation and histone methylation without altering the genetic sequence. These epigenetic marks are established ("imprinted") in the germline (sperm or egg cells) of the parents and are maintained through mitotic cell divisions in the somatic cells of an organism.[8]

In a gel buffered at pH 7.0, which statement is right - Histidine migrates toward the anode in a gel buffered at pH 7.0. Glutamic acid migrates toward the cathode in a gel buffered at pH 7.0 Aspartic acid migrates toward the anode in a gel buffered at pH 7.0

Having a full negative charge induces aspartic acid toward migrate to the anode in a pH = 7.0 solution.

what does Hcg signal the corpus luteum to maintain production of what

Hcg signals the corpus luteum to maintain production of estorge nand progesterone.

what are hydrolase or lyases?

Hydrolases are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolytic cleavage of ester or peptide bonds, in which process they use a molecule of water. An ester is transformed into an acid and an alcohol molecule; an amide into an amine and acid. Lyases are totally different and create or break double bonds.

What is another term for hypoxia

Hypoxia is another term for oxygen deprivation.

Why is a multienzyme complex more efficient than free enzymes? I. There are fewer side reactions, due to channeling of metabolic intermediates. II. The diffusion rate of metabolic intermediates is enhanced, due to a shorter diffusion distance between active sites. III. Each enzyme has multiple functions in a multi-enzyme complex.

I and II only - we learn that diffusion time and side reactions are decreased by the location of the enzymes. This makes options I and II true. Each enzyme of a multienzyme complex still has one function, not multiple functions.

What is an iconic memory and what is an example of it

Iconic memory - part of change detection and helps us notice the changes in each progressive image - turning it into a single moving picture

The kidney usually attempts to compensate for acid-base irregularities in the blood caused by respiratory diseases. Based solely on this information, if a patient has a lung disease that decreases his ability to excrete CO2, urinalysis should reveal: A. a normal urine pH. B. an elevated urine pH. C. a decreased urine pH. D. a urine pH equal to 7.0.

If an individual is unable to excrete CO2 at a normal rate, the partial pressure of the gas builds up in the blood, shifting the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to the right and producing more H+, resulting in a decrease in blood pH, or respiratory acidosis. The kidney responds to this by increasing its reabsorption of bicarbonate, and by increasing its secretion of H+ into the urine. In other words, it reduces blood H+ concentrations by dumping H+ in the urine, acidifying the urine and thereby lowering urine pH.

how do you know if a sugar is d vs l in ring form

If the sugar is a D-sugar place a -CH2OH above the ring on the carbon to the left of the oxygen, for an L-sugar place it below the ring.

when looking at MRI, someone with schizophrenia may have a decreased or increased temporal gray matter

MRI - someone with schizophrenia may have a decreased temporal love gray matter

Most complex in transduction of which 3 types of taste sensation -

Most complex in transduction of which 3 types of taste sensation - sweet, bitter, and unami tastes are more complex to understand and explain thn those responsible for saltiness. Each taste bud has all five types of specifalized gustatory receptors

Independent variable and dependent variable = what axis (x,y)

Independent variable =x axis and depedeent variable = y axis

Which type of molecule is LEAST likely to be found in a eukaryotic cell membrane? A. Cholesterol B. Glycoprotein C. Peptidoglycan D. Phospholipid

Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of some bacteria, but not in the cell membranes of eukaryotes. Glycoprotein is found in the cell membrane of eukaryotes.

what is easier Recognition or recall

Recognition is typically much easier than recall

does the resistance for a conducting material generally increase or decrease with temp?

Resistance for a conducting material generally increases with temp, so there may be a slight increase in resistance caused by the voltage source.

The term "sidedness." refers to alpha helices that have what?

Sidedness results when one face of a helix is composed of hydrophilic R groups, while another face of the same helix is composed of hydrophobic R groups. Sidedness allows for a purely hydrophilic face of one alpha helix to interact with the hydrophilic face of another alpha helix. When this is possible, the attraction between the two faces is maximized (because there are no weak hydrophobic interactions in the way).

what is signal detection theory

Signal detection theory - measure how we make decisions under conditions of uncertainity

will Significantly larger or smaller chromosomes undergo crossing over

Significantly larger chromosome will undergo crossing over

Fe(OH)2 is less or more soluble than Sr(OH)2.

Since Fe(OH)2 is less soluble than Sr(OH)2. Because the solubility product for both salts is 4 (molar solubility)3, ksp for Fe(OH)2 is less than the Ksp of Sr(OH)2

what is The Venturi effect?

The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a pipe.

What is Normative social influence -

Normative social influence is a type of social influence leading to conformity. It is defined in social psychology as "the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them". ... Social norms refers to the unwritten rules that govern social behavior.

What does the cell mediated and the humoral response involve and what do they do?

The cell‐mediated response involves mostly T cells and responds to any cell that displays aberrant MHC markers, including cells invaded by pathogens, tumor cells, or transplanted cells. The humoral response (or antibody‐mediated response) involves B cells that recognize antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood ("humor" is a medieval term for body fluid).

Which of the following best explains why arginine is more basic than lysine?

The electron-donating groups around the basic nitrogen on arginine make its conjugate acid more stable. arginine has electron-donating groups via resonance with other nitrogens, it is a more stable conjugate acid.

In a eukaryotic cell, the portion of a gene encoding a functional protein is known as the: intron, primary RNA transcript, promotor site exon

The exon is the portion of the primary RNA transcript that actually leaves the nucleus and goes on to be translated by the cell's ribosomal machinery. Large genes usually contain alternating strings of exons and introns, with most of the gene consisting of introns.

The ideal volume is greater or less than the real volume.

The ideal volume is greater than the real volume.

The questionnaire is described as aseessing partiipants ides about how people gain weight as well as their belifs about the relative contribution of genetics, personality, and environement in gaining, maintain, and losing weight. This description identifies beliefs and ideas, which are part of which component of an attitude: Affective, cognitive behavioral, and subconscious

This description identifies beliefs and ideas, which are part of the cognitive component of an attitude. Affective, behavioral, and subconscious are other components that are not relevant to the description of the questionnaire (which measured explicit attitudes )

what is top down processing

Top down - background knowledge - theory driven, context driven

what are voluntary movements controlled by?

Voluntary movements are controlled by the motor cortex

When protein is oxidized, the amino group is processed into what?

When protein is oxidized, the amino group is processed into urea and excreted in the urine,

The primary rule for predicting the strength of an oxyacid is that the greater the number of oxygens attached to the central atom, the more acidic or basic the compound.

The primary rule for predicting the strength of an oxyacid is that the greater the number of oxygens attached to the central atom, the more acidic the compound.

what are prostaglandins?

The prostaglandins are a group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection that are involved in dealing with injury and illness

The reaction that most favors reactants at equilibrium is the reaction with the smallest or biggest equilibrium constant.

The reaction that most favors reactants at equilibrium is the reaction with the smallest equilibrium constant.

The standard oxidation potential is the tendency for a species to be oxidized or reduced at standard conditions.

The standard oxidation potential is much like the standard reduction potential. It is the tendency for a species to be oxidized at standard conditions.

after ovualion fertilization happens where

in the fallopian tube

when body fasts what is the major source for glucose and where does it come from

when body fasts - glycogen is the major source for glucose and the glucose in the blood is from glycogen

does Lift result in an increased displacement distance in the x-direction

yes

Depending on the direction of the OH group, the anomeric carbon is either

α or β.

paternalism in healthcare is

paternalism in healthcare is characterized as the "doctor knows best" mentality when dealing with patients or the public

what did the social brain hypothesis

postulates that the social nature of the human species in part drove the evolution of the human brain

what are some ways to find the equation for power?

power=w/t which also can mean power=e/time and E can be PE or KE (this is important to know) so the power consumed was P=PE/time=mgh/t

precipitation reaction is what kind of reaction

precipitation reaction in which AB+CD->AC+BD so its like a double displacement reaction.

reflex arc -

- sensory neuron -> spinal interneuron -> motor neuron

Logistic regression -

suited to analyze binary data

lower ph acts to decrease hemoglobins affinity for oxygen what does that do for O2 in the tissue?

allowing it to offload O2 to the tissues whrer it is needed

Analogous structures

are structures that serve the same function, but come from a different evolutionary origin.

is cytochrome c a highly water-soluble protein

cytochrome c is a highly water-soluble protein, unlike other cytochromes

gender typing means what

gender typing means that jobs most often held by or typically associated with women have a lower value in terms of social status and pay (meaning the low wages and low social status).

increasing or decreasing the column length will enhance the resolution of the column, leading to more completion fraction by SEC.

increasing the column length will enhance the resolution of the column, leading to more completion fraction by SEC.

for an induced fit theory when is binding between enzyme and S the strongest

induced fit theory - states that binding between enzyme and S is strongest @ the corresponding rxn's transition state

What is the hybridization of carbon in CaCO3(s) and what kind of bond is it?

CaCO3 had a sigma bond in between the Ca and the C so I said that the hybridization of Carbon in CaCO3 is sp3 but I have to also think about the hybridization of CO32-. There is a pi bond between the C and one of the o making that a sp2 hybridization. Because the carbon is involved in 1 π-bond, it cannot have sp3-hybridization. CaCO3 compound is ionic,

does Catalyst increase the amount of product formed per unit time

Catalsts increase the rate of chemical reaction, which is the amount of product formed per unit time

does aldosterone increase or decrease BP

Aldosterone increases BP synthesized in adrenal glands (major site is distal nephron)

does turbulent flow create high or low frequency

I thought it the turbulent flow created high frequency but it is low frequency.

what is emotional intelligience?

Emotionally intelligent people are self aware and can delay gratification in pursuit of long term rewards, rather than being overtaken by immediate impulses.

Which are cells and which are cell fragments: Endothelial cells, RBCs, platelets

Endothelial cells and RBCs are cells, whereas platelets are cell fragments without nuclei

when oocyte and sperm fuse what do they form - the word?

In fertilization the cell membranes of the oocyte and sperm fuse. Each forms a pronucleus which migrate towards each otHer in preparation for the first mitotic division

In polar protic solvents how does Nucleophilicity increase. In polar aprotic solvents how does Nucleophilicity increase

In polar protic solvents: Nucleophilicity increases as the attacking atom is changed down a group of the Periodic Table. In polar aprotic solvents it is the opposite. the distinguishing feature is the presence of an -OH group, and that is the most common characteristic of a protic solvent. So in this reaction it is a protic solvent so nucleophility will increase as you go down a group so Se is better than S

how can the broadness of the peak near 10 ppm in the proton NMR spectrum be explained?

It measures a hydrogen involved in hydrogen bonding.

what is learned helplessness -

Learned helplessness is defined as the general belief that one is incapable of accomplishing tasks and has little or no control of the environment. For example, a child who performs poorly on math tests and assignments will quickly begin to feel that nothing he or she does will have any effect on math performance.

light from the L visual field will go where

Light from the L visual field hit nasal side of the left eye and temporal side of the right eye and interpret by right side in the brain at the fovea - there is no rods and many fovea

Loss of acetylcholine-producing cells in the basal forebrain has been implicated as a cause of what disease

Loss of acetylcholine-producing cells in the basal forebrain has been implicated as a cause of alzheimer's disease

Which of the following would be LEAST useful in cellular movement? A. Flagella B. Actin polymerization C. Microtubule depolymerization D. Cilia

Microtubule de-polymerization is responsible for separating chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis I or II. It does not contribute to overall cell migration.

why does NH3 displace H2O in the formation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+?

NH3 is a stronger Lewis base than H2O and NH3 donates a lone pair of electrons more readily than does H2O

if there is NO ACCELERATION MEANS THan THE SUM OF ALL THE FORCES ACTING ON THE BULB equals what

NO ACCELERATION MEANS THAT THE SUM OF ALL THE FORCES ACTING ON THE BULB MUST EQUAL zero

Natural selection is the tendency for what?

Natural selection is the tendency for the most "fit" individuals to survive and reproduce, thus driving evolution.

during neurulation the ectoderm forms the what? and what are some structures it becomes

Nervous system has its origin in the ectodermal cells . during neurulation the ectoderm forms the neural ectoderm abve the notochord. . neural crest eventually becomes many structures including Schwann cells, which are sposnsible for myelination of the peripheral newrvous systm. Between the neural ectoderm and the ectoderm that will become the epidermis lies the neural crest.

what does Neuroplasticity refer to

Neuroplasticity - refers to brain's ability to form multiple synaptic connections in regards to info. Using all senses forms multiple connections to the info to be memorized through neuroplasticity

Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon, making a hydrogen on nitrogen more or less acidic than a hydrogen on carbon?

Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon, making a hydrogen on nitrogen more acidic than a hydrogen on carbon,

can conclusions be made about cause and effect from correlation?

No conclusions may be made about cause and effect from correlation

what disorder is a PTSD

PTSD - anxiety disorder

What do Pacinian corpuscles respond to

Pacinian corpuscles - respond to deep pressure and vibration

do more females or males have anxiety disorder?

Panic attacks don't cause severe damage to heart. Happens more often in females thank males like other anxiety disorders

Bradykinesia is indicating what disease

Parkinson

what is the parvo pathway?

Parvo pathway - detects fine details (ex: form and color) of an obect

What is the Passive immunity?

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another.

which node (SA or AV) is the master pacemaker of the heart

SA node is the master pacemaker of the heart

SIN COS TAN

SOH CAH TOA

Reconstructive memory is

Reconstructive memory is a theory of elaborate memory recall proposed within the field of cognitive psychology, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including perception, imagination, semantic memory and beliefs, amongst others.

Who is Solomon asch and what is his experiment?

Solomon asch - Asch believed that the main problem with Sherif's (1935) conformity experiment was that there was no correct answer to the ambiguous autokinetic experiment. How could we be sure that a person conformed when there was no correct answer? Solomon Asch (1951) conducted an experiment to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform.

for gel electrophoresis, which separates molecules based on size. will the smaller or larger molecules migrate further down the gel?

gel electrophoresis, which separates molecules based on size. The molecule migrates through the gel, and smaller molecules can migrate further down the gel.

gestalat processing is a function of which processing (top or bottom) and what is it characterized by utilizing

gestalat processing - function of bottom up processing - is characterized by utilizing small, familiar details to build a lrager, more complex image

do glucose and/or galactose and/or fructose have different or the same molecular formulas and/or empirical formula.

glucose and galactose and fructose have the same molecular formulas and empirical formula.

glucose release and glucose utilization is in which part of the adrenal gland

glucose release = cortex and glucose utilization = medulla.

lipid synthesis is achieved through what processes. cholestrerol is what type of macromolecule

lipid synthesis is achieved through reduction and polymerization of acetyl-CoA molecules by respective synthases. Since cholestrerol is a lipid, biosynthesis would begin with acetyl-CoA

how are bond angles dictated by

concept - bond angles are dictated by hybridization of the central atom as well as the number of non-bonded and bonded electron pairs.

Max Weber

concept of Protestant work ethic and how it gae rise to capitalism is attributable to the writings of which early sociologist

concept of Protestant work ethic and how it gave rise to capitalism is attributable to the writings of which early sociologist

concept of Protestant work ethic and how it gave rise to capitalism is attributable to the writings of which early sociologist = Max Weber

what is convection

convection = flow of FLUID not HEAT as a result of the flow of fluids.

how does an autoimmune disorder work

immune system of an individual with an autoimmune disorder labels moecules as "self" as foreign and as result produces antibodies specific for these molecules. An atigen is comomonly thought of a s a foreign molecule that elicits antibody production opon exposure to the host immune system

prosopagnosia

inability to recognize familiar faces (even one's own face in a mirror) is usually observed in human beings after certain brain injuries

flashbulb memory,

includes images created at times of unusual stress, surprise, or excitement, such as a collective trauma (the 9/11 disaster) or a novel and arousing personal experience (your first kiss).

how does enveloped retroviruses interact with the plasma membrane of the host cell to enter the cell

enveloped retroviruses fuse with plasma membrane of the host cell and eneter the cell completely intact

Pepsin -

enzyme released in the stomach that catabolizes proteins to smaller peptides and amino acids

what does epinephrine stimulate

epinephrine stimulates protein kinase A

equivalence point equation

equivalence point equation v1n1=v2n2

electron withdrawing groups make compounds more acidic or less acidic and do they lower or increase the pka value

ewe make the compound more acidic and thus lower its pka values

Assortive mating

is when mates are not chosen randomly, but instead certain individuals are selected over others possibly because of phenotype or location.

The blood is buffered by what (meaning what it is in the presence)?

The blood is buffered by carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the presence of its conjugate base, bicarbonate (HCO3-). By means of this efficient buffering mechanism, the blood remains at an almost neutral pH of 7.4

The blood-brain barrier is composed of what kind of cells?

The blood-brain barrier is composed of endothelial cells with tight junctions (shown below) that prevent the movement of most solutes.

what is the catatonic subtype of schizonphria

The catatonic subtype involves disturbances in movement. Affected people exhibit a dramatic reduction or increase in activity. Other symptoms associated with the catatonic subtype include parrot-like repeating of what another person is saying or mimicking the movements of another person. Their cognitive function can often be impaired.

does The cell require more FAD or NAD+ to harvest ATP from fatty acids.

The cell requires more than twice the number of NAD+ electron carriers compared to FAD electron carriers, in order to harvest ATP from fatty acids.

What is the complement system

The complement system is a group of serum proteins that interact with each other to eliminate pathogens from the body.

The high Threat Estimation group shows greater fear-potentiated startle to similar circle sizes to the danger cue, which means they would have higher or lower thresholds of threat reactivity.

The high Threat Estimation group shows greater fear-potentiated startle to similar circle sizes to the danger cue, which means they would have lower thresholds of threat reactivity.

The intensity of the light emitted from the light bulb depends on what?

The intensity of the light emitted from the light bulb depends on the current passing through the light bulb, so we must consider the impact of changing voltage on the current. Because the voltage is reduced when the switch is moved from VI to VII, the current through the light bulb would decrease (V = iR).

How can the trend in boiling point and melting point between beryllium (Be) and magnesium (Mg) BEST be explained with intermolecular forces and atomic radius?

The intermolecular forces increase as the atomic radius decreases.

The ion product represents what?

The ion product is the product of the concentrations of the ions at any moment in time.

is the molar solubility less or greater than the solubility product constant?

The molar solubility is always greater than the solubility product constant.

The religion with the most adherents is Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and islam

The religion with the MOST adherents following its tradition is: Christianity.

The respiratory centers that control your rate of breathing are located where

The respiratory centers that control your rate of breathing are in the brainstem or medulla.

how much can short term memory hold.

The rule is 7+/-2

Thinner wires have more or less resistance than otherwise equivalent thick wires.

Thinner wires have more resistance than otherwise equivalent thick wires.

how do peaks show on an NMR

Yet peaks between 0 and 3 correspond to protons attached to an alkane carbon.

aggression is mediated by what while impulse control is an executive function localized predominantly to what

aggression is mediated by amygdala while impulse control is an executive function localized predominantly to the prefrontal cortex - so displaying poor impulse management, a function of the prefrontal cortex

amgydala is responsible for

amgydala is responsible for recognizing fear in others, generating fear in ourseleves, and the startle response but not conscious awarensss about why things frighten us

order of reactivity for carboxylic acids and their derivatives

amides <esters<carboxylic acids<acid anhydrides

sphingolipid can have what type of head groups

sphingolipid can have many diff. head groups including phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine but they least likely have an amino acid

similarites and diffrences between sphingomyelins and gangliosides

sphingomyelins and gangliosides - one fatty acid group attached to a sphingosine backbone. Ganglioside is a sphingolipid with an attached oligosaccharide as a head group. Most sphingomeyleins have either phophocoline or phosphoethanolamine as a head group.

at higher temp, how will lipids pack less or more efficiently

temperature affects permeability of membranes at higher temp. lipids will pack less efficiently so the fluidity of the membrane will increase

paternalism in medicine is described as

the doctor know best mentality and is recognized as a problem in medicine.

the function of the pigmented epithelial layer of the retina is

the function of the pigmented epithelial layer of the retina is to absorb any residual light rays that did not strike a photoreceptor as they enter the eye, so that they do not travel back to the rods and cones and cause blurry vision

All of the following occur during mitosis EXCEPT: A. nuclear envelope breakdown B. spindle assembly. C. chromosomal decondensation. D. chromosomal segregation.

the start of mitosis, chromosomes condense from disorganized chromatin. This allows for their segregation and proper spindle attachment during mitosis. It is during interphase, not mitosis, that the chromosomes then decondense to form transcribable, diffuse chromatin.

to determine the N and C terminus what should you look for

to determine the N and C terminus - look for the peptide bonds C=O-N

to go from Oh to H is a reduction or oxidation

to go from Oh to H is a reduction

what does topoisomerase do

topoisomerase - which relaxes the supercoiling of the DNA - in order to create DNA fragments the enzyme would need to create cuts in both DNA strands ( which relaxes the supercoiling of DNA

what does vili atrophy do the surface area of the small intestine?

vili atrophy - this results in a decrease in the surface area of the small intestine, leading to a decrease in nutrient absorption.

if the cell has a voltage source what is the cell?

voltage source that would tell me that the cell is electrolytic

What is released as a by product of peptide bond formation from the oh of the carboxyl group and the nh of the amino group?

water is released as a by product of peptide bond formation from the oh of the carboxyl group and the nh of the amino group and that the mass of water is the sum of its atomic masses

wearing shoes, clothes, or contact lenses are examples of

wearing shoes, clothes, or contact lenses are examples of things we don't ordinarily sense and that don't intrude upon our conscious minds

where would vasopressin migrate toward (cathode or anode) if its 1+ at ph 9

where would vasopressin migrate toward. The vasopressin is 1+ at ph 9 so it is a catioon and will go to the cathode

• cochlea is what

• cochlea is fluid filled structure containing the organ of Corti (which contains many sensory hair cells that respond to fluid movement)

If 2 strands are highly homologpus will they match more closely, anneal more tightly and will they have a lower or higher temperature required for separation

melting point of hybrid DNA is determined by degree of homology between the 2 strands. If 2 strands are highly homologpus they will match more closely, anneal more tightly and a higher temperature will be required for separation

what are microtubules

microtubules are cellular structures that originate from centrosomes

how does mitochondria play a role in cell apoptosis?

mitochondira play a role in cell apoptosis - when intracellular Ca2+ levels are high, the membranes of the mitochondria become very permeable and they can release pro-apoptotic factors that inhibit the cell's anti-apoptotic factors. This is why cells must maintain a specific range for intracellular Ca@+

molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is

molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4L/mol

moles-2

moles-2 = 1/moles

Motion parallax is a

monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us.

motor proteins are made out of what and what are microfilaments are made out of

motor proteins are myosin and they move along microfilaments (actin)

where is pain registered and where is suffering registered

neuroanatomical difference between pain and suffering is pain is reigestered in the sensory cortex, suffering in the frontal cortex

Is the velocity in the y-direction when the projectile strikes the ground equal to The initial velocity in the y-direction projectile is fired does taking wind resistance into account.

no

if you do not know the values that would be excluded in a set of numbers can u determine the standard deviation

no

DO nonpolar or polar species migrate farther on silica gel

nonpolar species migrate farther than polar species on silica gel

who is emily Durkheim-

one of the founders of sociology as a modern scientific study, identified social integration as a key social factor in his groundbreaking study of suicide. He was interested in showing how social forces predictably affect behavior.

what is opponent process theory

opponent process theory - motivation that stems from the contrasts in opposite stimuli, like pain and pleasure

what are the rules of oxidation state

oxidataion state - For free elements the oxidation state is zero. e.g. Fe(s), O2(g), O3(g), H2(g), Hg(l), Hg(g), S(s) etc. For monoatomic ions, the oxidation state is given by the charge on the ion. e.g. Cl (-1), Fe2+ (+2), Fe3+ (+3), S2- (-2), Ca2+ (+2), H+ (+1) etc for a rxn to not be an oxi-red rxn it's oxidation state is unchanged rxn 3 was the only one with it unchanged

oxidation of NADH yields __atps and oxidation of FADH2 yields __atps.

oxidation of NADH yields 3 atps and oxidation of FADH2 yields 2 atps.

what kind of reflex arc is a patellar reflex - monosynaptic or polysnaptic meaning does it travel to other places before reaching the CNS

patellar reflex is amonosynaptic reflex arc. So the signal from the sensory neuron will travel to the effector motor neuron directly to cause some sort of movement. There is no invovelment of either interneyonrs or higher order nervous system elemtnets. So the action potential traveling of the patellar tendon of a patient is tapped just below the knee -> from the muscle spindle sensory neuron, to the spinal cord, which activates a motor neuron, causing quadriceps contraction

what is cognitive neoassociation model of aggression

people are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever they are feeling negative emotions (like being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain) think (relating aggressive behavior to a negative feeling isn't focusing on the biology

Which of the following describes the pH of an equilibrated, stoichiometric mixture of ammonia, NH3 and hydrochloric acid HCl

ph less than 4

ph= pka + log ( ) while poh= pka + log ( )

ph= pka + log (acid/base) while poh= pka + log (base/acid)

how does glucose get into the cell

plasma membrane is impermeable to glucose so it needs some sort of transporter to get into the cell.

posttranslational modification of proteins such as histone acetylation is analyzed by which blott - n, s, w, e

posttranslational modification of proteins such as histone acetylation is analyzed by Western blotting

procedural memory refers to what

procedural memory, refers to a nondeclarative memory system , within the multiple memory systems view, that is responsible for behavioral and cognitive skills and algorithms.

self verification refers to

refers to the tendency to seek out (and agree with) info that is consistent with one's self concept

relative poverty refers to what

relative poverty refers to social disadvantage by income or wealth as compared to the social advantages linked to income or wealth in a society

Aspirin, an acid, has a pKa close to 3. The lumen of the stomach has a pH close to 2. Why is it effective to take aspirin orally because it?

remains a neutral molecule, able to traverse the cell membranes of the stomach lining to enter the blood. Aspirin is an acid, and it donates its proton in a basic environment. Upon donation of its proton, a negative charge arises. When the pH = pKa, the acid donation is at 50% equilibrium. When the pH < pKa for an acid, the majority of the acid molecules retain their protons (the environment is more acidic, not conducive to giving up a proton) and remain neutral.

How are resistivity and conductivity similar?

resistivity was the inverse of conductivity but I thought I was suppose to use some type of formula with resistivity and the only one I could think of was R=pl/a which did not fit . literally all I had to do was 1/conductivity = resistivity because that is saying resistivity is the inverse of conductivity

reverse transcriptase is what kind of polymerase termed an RNA-directed DNA polymerase?

reverse transcriptase is termed an RNA-directed DNA polymerase - cause it uses RNA as a template to make DNA. If we have an enzyme that uses any RNA template to make more RNA, we call it trna directed rna polymerase

convert 1.01 bar to atm and kPA

1 atm = 101 kPA

what is ph if the concentration is 10^4 vs 10^-4

10^4= -4 10^-4=4

Inserting a fuse into the circuit does what?

Inserting a fuse into the circuit provides surge protection, but it does not increase the voltage. A fuse may increase resistance,

An individual with Wernicke's aphasia would likely have difficulty with what part of communication? A. Producing sound B. Constructing words C. Forming sentences D. Expressing meaning

People with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty connecting meaning to language.

Platelets and erythrocytes are derived from progenitors in what?

Platelets and erythrocytes are derived from progenitors in the bone marrow.

does Pressure Increase or decrease Buoyant Force

Pressure Increases Buoyant Force

how does T lymphocytes target virus infected cells

T lymphocytes target virus infected cells by recognizing the viral antigen presented on the cell surface

How much water must be added to 20.0 mL of a 0.40 M NaCl(aq) solution to reduce its molarity to 0.10 M?

The final volume for the 0.1 M NaCl(aq)solution that is formed can be found using the formula MiVi = MfVf. Upon plugging values into the equation, we get: (0.40 M)(20 mL) = (0.1 M)(Vf). The final volume works out to be 80 mL. But the question asks how much water must be added, not the final volume. If the final volume is 80 mL and the initial volume is 20 mL, a total of 60 mL of water must be added to the solution to dilute it to 0.10 M.

ex of what happens to the Corpus Callosum when it is cut

When split-brain patients are shown an image only in their left visual field (the left half of what both eyes take in (see optic tract)), they cannot vocally name what they have seen. This can be explained in three steps: (1) The image seen in the left visual field is sent only to the right side of the brain; (2) For most people, the speech-control center is on the left side of the brain; and (3) Communication between the two sides of the brain is inhibited. Thus, the patient cannot say out loud the name of that which the right side of the brain is seeing. In the case that the speech-control center is on the right side of the brain, the image must now be presented to only the right visual field to achieve the same effect.

another word for Nitrous oxide =

dinitrogen monoxide N2O

as nucleophilicity increases does the rate of reaction increase or decrease?

direct correlation between nucleophilicity and the rate of reaction.

Gas with largest temp. will have largest or smallest avg KE

have largest avg KE

which is derived from mesoderm, ectoderm, or endoderm - brain, heart, kidney and skeletal muscle

heart, kidney and skeletal muscle are derived from mesoderm while brain is part of CNS which is derived from ectoderm

henri tajfel had social psychology textbook discussing what

henri tajfel had social psychology textbook discussing possible origins of prejudice, discrimination, ingroup bias, and intergroup relations

glucose entering the kidney is reabsorbed into the peritublar capillaries, therby reentering the systemic circulation and this is via active processes and what part of the nephron

proximal tubule is the site where almost all of the glucose entering the kidney is reabsorbed into the peritublar capillaries, therby reentering the systemic circulation and this is via active processes

Genetic drift

refers to changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, simply due to chance. This is also incorrect, as the changes were not by chance, but were directed by environmental pressures.

Why will a person collapse

A person will collapse NOT because they have a higher body temp but because their blood volume and pressure are too low due to excessive water loss via sweet. So the overall body temp would be only slightly elevated immediately after collapse. This mechanism serves as a safety value, shutting body down when heat loss mechanisms becomes overtaxed.

What are the functions of the myelin sheath

A: The myelin sheaths protect neurons. B: Myelin sheaths do increase the speed of impulse propagation in neurons. D: Myelin sheaths provide electrical insulation for neurons.

does ADH not regulate water retention.

ADH does not regulate water retention.

What does Atrial natriuretic peptide

ANP causes sodium excretion in the urine and hence would not result in a low urine sodium concentration

Tyrosine is required for the formation of the thyroid hormones. Tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) are drawn below. Phe is an essential amino acid, but Tyr is not. Why?

Although the body synthesizes Tyr from Phe, it cannot synthesize Phe. An essential amino acid is one that must be included in the diet; the body synthesizes all other (nonessential) amino acids.

what does automation do

Automation bias is the tendency to excessively depend on automated systems,

Autoregualtion is a what

Autoregualtion is a process that involves the cells of te liver and glucose metabolism (has nothing to do with this question)

what does the brain use for its source of energy

Brain is unable to use fats or other sources of energy so glucose is preserved speficialy for the brain when glucose intake is low

what is the brain able and not able to use as a source

Brain is unable to use fats or other sources of energy so glucose is preserved speficialy for the brain when glucose intake is low

which is the cofactor oxidant out of the the choices which were Fad, NADH, H2O, acetyl-CoA

FAD would be the only cofactor oxidant out of the the choices which were Fad, NADH, H2O, acetyl-CoA

For cesium sulfate, the heat released when new bonds are formed between the ions and water molecules or the enthalpy of hydration is very exothermic or endothermic.

For cesium sulfate, the heat released when new bonds are formed between the ions and water molecules or the enthalpy of hydration is very exothermic. It exceeds the energy required to break the lattice, which is equal to the lattice energy.

which Gamma carbon number is it

Gamma carbon is the carbon number 4

Gamma rays are what types of waves?

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, which do not carry a charge.

What is the main purpose of glucagon

Its main purpose is to increase glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose.

Nuclear fission occurs when what?

Nuclear fission occurs when: one nucleus splits apart to create two smaller nuclei.

What is phantom pain and what is classified as ?

Phantom pain is is when you have pain in something that is no longer there anymore like pain in an amputated leg and it not classified as a somatoform disorder

are Rods and conest involved in feature detection processing

Rods and cones are not involved in feature detection processing

when CO32- is added to solution containing Pb2+, Fe2,+ sr2+. is PbCO3 less or more soluble than either FeCO3 or SrCO3

So PbCO3 is less soluble than either FeCO3 or SrCO3 because it precipitates when CO32- is added to solution contaig Pb2+, Fe2,+ sr2+. MgCO3 precipiates when CO32- is added to solution contaig Mg2+ and Pb2+ so MgCO3 is less soluble than PbCO3

importance of statistically significant when comparing

So the fact that the asterisk wasn't there anymore that could say that they all were close enough to each other so they were effective.

how do people learn in the social cognitive theory

Social cognitive theory suggests that people learn much of their behavior through observing individuals around them

examples of Social injustice issues and its definition

Social injustice issues would be things like unfair labor practices, racial discrimination, descrimination due to gener, orientation, ethnicity, age. Also, the death penalty, inequality of health care, public school qualitiy in poor income areas, etc. It is any issue affecting a society where there are differences based on ccertain criteria, generally affecting marginalized groups or those who are not considered to be "equal" to the "norm".

what is one aspect of social stratification.

Social reproduction is one aspect of social stratification. There is an intersection of gender with social stratification and intersection of social stratification with age

Sodium (Na) is directly to the left of magnesium (Mg) in the periodic table, which means that sodium is less or mored dense than magnesium (elements get smaller and heavier as you move left to right in the periodic table).

Sodium (Na) is directly to the left of magnesium (Mg) in the periodic table, which means that sodium is less dense than magnesium (elements get smaller and heavier as you move left to right in the periodic table).

The direct measure of how much solid dissolves is called what

The direct measure of how much solid dissolves is the molar solubility which is expressed in moles solute per liter of solution.

is toluene a nonpolar or polar solvent?

Toluene (shown below) is a nonpolar solvent.

calcum carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are bases or acids

calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are bases

rhodopsin

is the characteristic photopigment in rods

iron (III) ion is what electronic configuration

(AR) 4s23d6 - since it has a formal charge of +3 it WILL LOSE THREE ELECTRON FROM ATOMIC IRON. THE FIRST 2 ELECTRONS ARE STRIPPED AWAY FROM THE OUTERMOST ORIBITAL, THE S ORBITAL while the 3rd electron comes from the d orbital the next outermost orbital gigig you (Ar) 3d5

(CrO​4) has what formal charge?

(CrO​4) has a charge of -2. All the oxyhalide anions, perchlorate (ClO4), chlorate (ClO3), chlorite (ClO2) hypochlorite (ClO), all have a charge of -1.

What are free radicals

(atoms with unpaired valence electrons) radicals from ionizing radiation are highly unstable and have carcinogenic effects.

What are some symptoms of panic attacks

(e.g., profuse sweating, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, sleep disruption), as well as others that are not directly measurable but that can be inferred (e.g., generalized anxiety, nightmares and intrusive, negative recollections, emotional detachment).

3 ways CO2 transport

(on its own, as carbonic anhydrase and dissolving in the plasma

What does calcium binds to besides troponin to allow actin and myosin to interact

, calcium binds to calmodulin and allows actin and myosin to interact

canal of schlemm

- located inside anterior chamber of the eye and is reposible for drainging aqueous humor - if duct is blocked pressure inside eye increases, putting patient at risk for glaucoma

what is the final stage of aerobic catabolism of cabohydrates, provides intermediates for synthesis of amino acids.

- the krebs cycle - it is the final stage of aerobic catabolism of cabohydrates, provides intermediates for synthesis of amino acids.

signal would go in the brain sensory neuron

-> spinal interneuron -> thalamus -> somatosensory cortex -> primary motor cortex -> motor neuron

. g protein coupled receptors are what type of protein molecules and what are they synthesized by

. g protein coupled receptors are transmembrane protein molecules and thus must be synthesized by ribosomes associated with ER> ribosomes that are associated with ER synthesize all proteins that have to cross that membrane

. right shift is caused by a decrease or increase in ph (an increase in H+)

. right shift is caused by a decrease in ph (an increase in H+) it is associated with exercise which is itself associated with more prapid breathing, as well as increased hear rate

would incorporating a large fatty acid chain into the molecular structure lower the melting point of olestra?

. to lower the melting point og olestra incorporating a large fatty acid chain into the molecular structure would not work because the mass of molecule would increase with the intermoeluar forces.

if the southern plot is to show 0% - homozygous dominant (Hb-A), 50% heterozygous (Hb-A and Hb-S), 50% homozygous recessive (Hb-S) how many bands would u see

0% - homozygous dominant (Hb-A), 50% heterozygous (Hb-A and Hb-S), 50% homozygous recessive (Hb-S) so then on the plot look for those on the gel. It would be 0 for Hb-A meaning no band and then for (Hb-A and Hb-S) there would be 2 bands. It would be one band for (Hb-S)

Which steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle require binding and/or hydrolysis of ATP? 1. I. Dissociation of myosin head from actin filament 2. II. Attachment of myosin head to actin filament 3. III. Conformational change that moves actin and myosin filaments relative to one another 4. IV. Binding of troponin to actin filament 5. V. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 6. VI. Reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasm

1. I. Dissociation of myosin head from actin filament 3. III. Conformational change that moves actin and myosin filaments relative to one another 4. IV. Binding of troponin to actin filament

10 mL of .5 M calcium hydroxide is required to titrate 50mL hydrochloric acid. Which of the following gives the initial concentration of the acid?

1/5M

what is the inverse log of 6

10^6 D = 1000 kD.

How many liters of carbon dioxide at STP are produced by reacting 100 g of calcium carbonate with an excess of hydrochloric acid?

1st. balance it out = CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CaCl2 (aq) From the periodic table, the formula weight of calcium carbonate is 40 + 12 + 3(16) = 100 g/mol. 100 g of calcium carbonate therefore represents one mole, and based on the reaction, this will produce one mole of carbon dioxide gas. Remember, one mole of any gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) has a volume of 22.4 L! Thus, the volume of gas produced will be 22.4 L at STP. 100 g CaCO3 x 1 mol/100 g x 1 CO2/1 CaCO3 x 22.4 L/mol = 22.4 L CO2

can 2 distinct antibodies bind to the same antigen?

2 distinct antibodies can bind to the same antigen. It must be the case that the 2 antibodies have diff. antigen binding regions. The part of an antibody that binds antigens is = fragment antigen binding or FAB region - if 2 distinct antibodies bind the same antigen then they must have a difference in the Fab region, but its not possible to be more specific.

, 95% of data within a normally distributed set must fall within how many s.d. of the mean

2 s.d. of the mean.

4% of the individuals in a population are affected by sickle-cell anemia (recessive trait) = what is q2 and q

4% of the individuals in a population are affected by sickle-cell anemia = q2 so q2=.04 so q=.2 and p=.8

Which of the following pH indicator ranges would be the most useful for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid?

4-6

What is the BEST pH range for buffering a gel to be used to separate cysteine from histidine by gel electrophoresis?

5.1 to 7.6

Rods absorb light best that has a wavelength of about

500nm which is perceived as green light

what is the rule of standard deviation?

65-95-99 rule of standard deviation

how many molecules are per mole

6x10^23 molecule per mole

9 month or 14th month old is in what erickson stages?

9-month-old, trust vs. mistrust; 14-month-old, autonomy vs. doubt

A POSITIVELY CHARGED CATION IS ATTRACTED TO THE CATHODE OR ANODE

A POSITIVELY CHARGED CATION IS ATTRACTED TO THE CATHODE, SO THE CATHODE MUST BE NEGATIVELY CHARGED - I mixed them - so it said that the buffered solution used in the gel electrophoresis were set at ph

would a benzene have an increase or decrease in the heat of combustion?

A benzene has resonance stabilization, which should decrease the heat of combustion

What is A between subjects design, A mixed design and A within subjects design

A between subjects design would have half the subjects doing one simple stimuli set while the other do another. A mixed design involves at least one between subject independent variable and at least one within subject indepednet variable. A within subjects deisign the participants receive both levels of an independent variable

During fear conditioning in this study, different-sized circles were displayed before a shock was delivered to the participant. Eventually the participants displayed a fear response when only viewing the circles. Which of the following terms best describes the circles?

A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, elicits a response similar to the response to the unconditioned stimulus. The circle is repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus and eventually brings about a response similar to the response of the unconditioned stimulus alone.

A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to which group?

A dehydrogenase (also called DH or DHase in the literature) is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.

what is a dielectric? what is the effect of a dielectric with a capacitance

A dielectric is a non-conducting material that is placed between two capacitor plates. The effect of a dielectric always increases the capacitance of a capacitor -- the amount charge that the capacitor can store increases.

A dipeptide is cationic (either fully positive or partially positive) when its isoelectric pH is greater or less than the pH of the solution.

A dipeptide is cationic (either fully positive or partially positive) when its isoelectric pH is greater than the pH of the solution.

would adding A fatty acid chain with unstaurtion (a pi bond) would lower the melting point.

A fatty acid chain with unstaurtion (a pi bond) would lower the melting point. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature; their melting point increases with increasing chain length but decreases with degree of unsaturation. When a fatty acid is unsaturated and has a short chain length, it increases the fluidity.

what state are the eggs of a female halted until the female reaches puberty. After puberty, the egg remains in what stage

A female baby is born with roughly all the eggs she will ever have but they are all halted in prophase I of meiosis until the child reaches puberty. After puberty, each month an egg develops in the follicle of the ovary but remains in metaphase II of meiosis until it is fertilized in the fallopian tube by a sperm cell. The meiosis finishes.

what is a good way to distinguish between intragenerational or intergenerational mobility

A good way to distinguish between the two is to remember that intergenerational mobility focuses on social changes between generations, while intragenerational mobility focuses on social changes within a person's lifetime or the same generation.

a reaction as PCL5(g) ->PCL3(g) + Cl2(g) A high pressure of Cl2 gas (product) would force the reaction to which direction

A high pressure of Cl2 gas (product) would force the reaction to the reactant (PCl5) side

can A lethal allele persist through carriers in the population.

A lethal allele can persist through carriers in the population.

A lethal, inheritable allele is most likely to persist in a population if it is recessive or dominant

A lethal, inheritable allele is most likely to persist in a population if it is recessive.

what is a lipase and a lipid

A lipase is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. It breakdown triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. A lipid = a triglyceride (glycerol and 3 fatty acids).

A longer asymptomatic period decreases or increases the likelihood of spread.

A longer asymptomatic period increases the likelihood of spread.

does A reaction shift with a change in pressure or volume when there is an equal number of gas molecules on each side of the reaction.

A reaction does not shift with a change in pressure or volume when there is an equal number of gas molecules on each side of the reaction.

In New England, there exists a species of silverfish that shows different population genetics, depending on the temperature. When a population at 25°C initially has 90% female silverfish, it requires more generations to reach equal population distribution of males and females than when the temperature is 30°C. How can this be explained?

A silverfish is able to change its sex in adult life.C is the best answer. A decrease in the rate of mating would increase the time required for the population to balance, but it should not affect the number of generations. The only correct answer possible is choice C, which would permit a balancing of population, if some females become males. This assumes that a higher temperature allows for sex interchange.

Which of the following strains of influenza is likely to pose the greatest danger to public health? a. A strain whose symptoms are more severe but whose asymptomatic period is two days longer than the standard strain b. A strain with lesser virulence but more severe symptoms c. A strain which is contagious but asymptomatic in 99 percent of cases d. A strain that causes more severe symptoms a full two days earlier than the standard strain, but which is otherwise the same

A strain whose symptoms are more severe but whose asymptomatic period is two days longer than the standard strain

what stimulates the adrenal cortex and what does the adrenal cortex release

ACTH from anterior pituitart stimulates adrenal cortex which releases glucocotrioids

ATP hydrolysis is a negative or positive G (exothermic or endothermic)

ATP hydrolysis is a negative G (exothermic) so it would release not absorb (absoroption is endothermic)

Which of the following strategies would likely reduce the occurrence of criminal behavior from a differential association theoretical perspective? A. A child in a high-crime area being adopted by an affluent family B. Repeated messages in school that students are expected to uphold prosocial values C. Deemphasizing the importance of values, such as material wealth, that would lead individuals to commit crimes D. Increasing penalties for crime to a degree that individuals are dissuaded from committing it

According to differential association theory, individuals engage in criminal choices because they are exposed to it, while individuals who don't commit crimes have not been exposed to this type of behavior. Thus, a child going from an area in which he is likely to be exposed to crime to an area where he is not likely to be exposed will reduce the likelihood of this individual committing a crime.

According to French and Raven's bases of power model, when compared to a high motivation high knowledge individual, someone with low motivation and low knowledge is more likely to be influenced by a person with: A. expert power. B. referent power. C. legitimate power. D. coercive power.

According to the bases of power model, an individual with referent power exerts control by appealing to others' desire to belong to a group. This type of control is most likely to appeal to individuals through external factors, such as appearing desirable or feeling included and not knowledge or logic or evidence. Thus, a low-motivation, low-knowledge individual would most likely be motivated by this type of persuasion.

The bglF transcript (e. coli) is known to have a short half-life within the cytosol. What mechanism is most likely responsible for transport of this transcript to the cytoplasmic membrane once it is synthesized?

Active transport along cytoskeletal filaments This would allow for more rapid transport than diffusion.

would Adding a ketone group would alose increase or decrease the intermolecular forces.

Adding a ketone group would alose increase the intermolecular forces.

Aldosterone increases what ion reabsorption from the kidney while exchanging what ions?

Aldosterone increases H2O and Na+ reabsorption from the kidney while exchanging K+ ions for Na+ ions.

Aldosterone release causes what?

Aldosterone release causes sodium and water retention, which causes increased blood volume, and a subsequent increase in blood pressure, which is sensed by the baroreceptors. To maintain normal homeostasis these receptors also detect low blood pressure or low blood volume, causing aldosterone to be released

in terms of pka values, what are Alkyl groups - electron-withdrawing or donating

Alkyl groups are electron-donating and decrease acidity.

what is the difference between an agnoist and antagonist

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response. Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.

what is the mass of an alpha, beta, positron?

An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, having a mass of 4 amu. A beta particle is the nuclear equivalent of an electron, which has a mass of approximately 1/1800 of a proton. A positron is the antiparticle of an electron and has its same mass.

what increases the duration of the depolarization phase of the action potential.

An increase in Na+ and Ca2+ only increases the duration of the depolarization phase of the action potential.

what is An interaction effect

An interaction effect is the simultaneous effect of two or more independent variables on at least one dependent variable in which their joint effect is significantly greater (or significantly less) than the sum of the parts. The presence of interaction effects in any kind of survey research is important because it tells researchers how two or more independent variables work together to impact the dependent variable.

does an oxidizing agent gain or lose electrons

An oxidizing agent, or oxidant, gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.

does any correlation between 2 variables imply or does not imply causation

Any correlation between 2 variables does not imply causation - it simply provides descriptive infor about relationship netweem variables

Which of the following represents a limitation to the design of this study? A. The age of the participants B. Lack of knowledge about OCD C. Ethical implications of delivering shocks to participants D. Using a nonclinical population

Any findings during this study would be more validated if the researchers could have gathered patients who had been diagnosed with OCD instead of having participants that simply had obsessive-compulsive traits. Delivering shocks to participants is used in research, but it is important to obtain consent and to make sure participants are comfortable.

(Q > K​sp) = (Q < Ksp) =

Any points above or to the right of the graph would produce ion products of supersaturated solutions (Q > K​sp). Any points below or to the left of the graph would produce ion products of unsaturated solutions (Q < Ksp)

what is an Arsenic?

Arsenic is a poison.

As a pipe narrows, assuming that the pressure differential remains the same, the flow rate increases, decreases, or remains constant. According to the continuity equation, A1v1 = A2v2, as the area narrows, the average speed of the fluid's particles increases or decreases.

As a pipe narrows, assuming that the pressure differential remains the same, the flow rate remains constant. According to the continuity equation, A1v1 = A2v2, as the area narrows, the average speed of the fluid's particles increases.

As one moves left to right across a row of the periodic table, the number of protons in the nucleus increases or decreases, causing the effective nuclear charge to increase. The result is a greater or less attraction for the orbiting electrons. This causes the electron shells to contract, which results in a smaller or bigger radius.

As one moves left to right across a row of the periodic table, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, causing the effective nuclear charge to increase. The result is a greater attraction for the orbiting electrons. This causes the electron shells to contract, which results in a smaller radius.

which glial cells are thought to play a role in causing schizophrenia when a genetic mutation causes abnormalities in them

Astrocytes which are a type of glial support cells are thought to play a role in causing schizophrenia when a genetic mutation causes abnormalities in them

what is Auditory agnosia, Finger agnosia, Optic agnosia and Tactile agnosia?

Auditory agnosia is thus the inability to interpret sounds. Finger agnosia is the inability to identify the fingers of one's own hand or of others. Optic agnosia is the inability to interpret images that are seen. Tactile agnosia is the inability to distinguish objects by the sense of touch.

A principal of a high school seeks to establish rules and systems in the school that reflect a meritocracy. Which of the following goals must these systems achieve if the principal is to successfully establish a meritocracy? I. Outcome equality II. Skill equality III. Opportunity equality A. I only B. III only C. II and III only

B I: Outcome equality, or "equality of outcome," refers to a state in which the lives of individuals in the society are of a similar quality. Outcome equality is often discussed with regard to goods and their distribution in an equal fashion. A meritocracy does not require outcome equality. II: Members of a meritocracy can vary with regard to their skills, so skill equality is not required for such a society.

If there are differences between this experiment and actual prison conditions represents what type of criticism? A. Construct validity B. Ecological validity C. Researcher bias D. Reliability

B. Ecological validity

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe amino acid stereochemistry? A. Lysine can exist as two enantiomers. B. Glycine is a chiral molecule C. Tyrosine contains one stereocenter. D. Arginine is a chiral molecule.

B. Glycine is a chiral molecule

Which of the following statements is/are true about the thymus? It atrophies after a child reaches puberty. It is where the maturation of T cells occurs. It is responsible for the development of goiter. A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I , II, and III

B. I and II only The thymus helps in the development of the immune system. Among its many roles, the thymus is the site of maturation for T cells, and its tissues do begin to atrophy some time after puberty. This makes statements I and II true. Goiter is associated with the thyroid, not the thymus, so statement III is invalid.

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Sensory neurons and interneurons are both afferent neurons, while motor neurons are efferent neurons. B. Motor neurons are efferent neurons, sensory neurons are afferent neurons, and interneurons are neither. C. Motor neurons and interneurons are both efferent neurons, while sensory neurons are afferent. D. Motor neurons are afferent neurons, sensory neurons are efferent neurons, and interneurons are neither.

B. Motor neurons are efferent neurons, sensory neurons are afferent neurons, and interneurons are neither. Interneurons are neurons that connect afferent and efferent neurons, so they fall into neither of the two categories.

In healthy individuals, water and electrolytes are absorbed into the body mainly through intestinal: A. fibroblasts. B. villi. C. smooth muscle. D. lacteals.

B. villi. Intestinal villi are the multitudes of folded membrane extensions that protrude from the apical surfaces of epithelial cells lining the intestine. These villi are folded to increase their surface area, and that in turn increases their absorptive power. Most water and electrolytes are absorbed into the body through intestinal villi.

is Basal ganglia or frontal lobe involved in visual processing,

Basal ganglia nor frontal lobe is not involved in visual processin,

Because co2 escapes faster than so2, the relative portion due to co2 will decreases or increases, while the relative portion due to SO2 decrease or increase

Because co2 escapes faster than so2, the relative portion due to co2 decreases, while the relative portion due to SO2 increases.

Between h20, nh3, ch4, co2, which will have the largest bond angle cause

Between h20, nh3, ch4, co2 co2 will have the largest bond angle cause its has sp2 carbon in the middle and no non-bonding electron pairs resulting in a bond angle of 180. The other 3 compounds have a sp3 hybridized central atom - so the more nonbonding electron pair the smaller the angle so water should have the smallest bond angle h20 < nh3 < ch4 < co2

what does it mean that Bile acids are amphipathic?

Bile acids are amphipathic. This means that they have both water-soluble and water-insoluble (or fat-soluble) parts. Emulsifying agents are amphipathic molecules that are able to mix fats with water. So the fact that is amphipathic doesn't mean it can digest lipids its just saying it is fat soluble

what is Binge eating disorder

Binge eating disorder - compulsive overeating

Suppose a large organic molecule X is classified as a Lewis acid, while another large molecule Y is classified as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. Which of the following most accurately describes a similarity in their behaviors in solution? A. Both molecules will tend to acquire a net negative charge B. both molecules will release a Hydroxide ion c. both molecules will release a Hydrogen gas D. Both molecules will tend to acquire a net positive charge

Both molecules will tend to acquire a net negative charge

is seeing an object for the 1st time an example of bottom up or top bottom processing

Bottom up - data driven and perception directs cognition -> processing relies on the stimulus to influence what we perceive

Decreasing the concentration of Na+outside the cell, you decrease or increase its resting membrane potential, so the magnitude of cell depolarization will also decrease or increase.

By decreasing the concentration of Na+outside the cell, you decrease its resting membrane potential, so the magnitude of cell depolarization will also decrease.

Devic's syndrome is a condition involving the demyelination of the optic nerve and the spinal cord. Which of the following neuronal effects is NOT a direct result of Devic's syndrome? A. Decreased protection of the neuron B. Decreased velocity of impulse propagation C. Decreased strength of impulse propagation D. Decreased electrical insulation

C must be the false statement (and, therefore, the right answer) because the strength of an electrochemical signal of a neuron is always the same (all-or-nothing).

In a randomly mating population of 900 fruit flies, 36 of the flies show a recessive trait that does not affect their viability; they have black bodies. How many flies are carriers of this genetic trait? A. 144 B. 200 C. 288 D. 800

C. 288

Which sequence accurately describes the relative strength of these acids? A. H3CCH2SH > H3Q3CSH > H3CCO2H B. H3Q3CSH > H3CCH2SH > H3CCO2H C. H3CCO2H> H3CCH2SH > H3O3CSH D. H3CCO2H > H3O3CSH > H3CCH2SH

C. H3CCO2H> H3CCH2SH > H3O3CSH the carboxylic acid is the most acidic, because of the resonance associated with the carbonyl bond.

Which of the following is an Arrhenius base? A. HCIO B. HB1O2 C. Li2C03 D. HN02

C. Li2C03

In comparison to a neural cell, a gastrointestinal cell would likely spend: A. less time in S phase. B. less time in M phase. C. less time in G0. D. the same amount of time in all cell cycle phases.

C. less time in G0.

SOlubility rules

CASH-N-GIA is a mnemonic for solubility rules. Chlorates, Acetates, Sulfates, Halides (not Fluorides), Nitrates, Group I metals, Ammonium. These compounds are generally soluble.

which of the following atoms will be expected to have the smallest second ionization energy (Na, C, O, Ca)

Ca was the best answer. Metals have lower ionization energies than non-metals as long as the ionization event involves a valence electron. Since Na is an alkali metal, it has only one valence electron and has a large second ionization energy. Ca is an alkaline earth metal and has 2 valence electrons. It will therefore have the smallest second ionization energy of the 4 atoms listed, which include Na and 2 non-metals

how is Ca2+ responsible for initiating skeletal muscle contraction?

Ca2+ is responsible for initiating skeletal muscle contraction. It is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds troponin to initatiate muscle contraction to allow tropomyosin to move so the myosin can bind to the actin

is CO2 an acidic or basic compound?

Carbon dioxide is an acidic compound (both a Lewis acid and an Arrhenius acid), so the loss of carbon dioxide associated with hyperventilating results in a reduction of acidic blood. The blood becomes acid-poor. "Acid-poor" also means "base-rich," making alkalosis the correct term for the condition.

what specifically does cerebellum control

Cerebellum controls coordinated movements that a person doesn't have to actively think about to achieve- things like walking, writing with a pen, juggling, or playing the piano

does Ch2Cl2 have a dipole-dipole interaction

Ch2Cl2 has a minimal dipole-dipole interaction

which would have a higher priority Ch2sh or COOH when trying to determine if it is a r or s configuration

Ch2sh would have a higher priority over COOH when trying to determine if it is a r or s configuration

Chloroform has what kind of bonds. what shape does it form and is there a dipole?

Chloroform - chcl3 has 3 polar coavlanet c=cl bonds forming a pyramidal like structure that does produce a net dipole moment

what is chunking

Chunking - a way to increase amount of info stored in working memory

does CL- concentration play a large role in the magnitude of the action potential?

Cl- concentration does not play a large role in the magnitude of the action potential.

what are centered in the periphery of the eye

Cones and rods are centered in the periphery

when does Conversion disorder occurs

Conversion disorder occurs when excessive anxiety causes loss of body function

does Correlation provide causation

Correlation does not provide causation

What is absorbance of OH bond, C=O bond, and C=C bond?

Cortisol has an O—H bond, so it has an absorbance at 3412 cm-1. Cortisol also has a C=O bond, with an absorbance at 1717 cm-1. C=C bond, with an absorbance at 1634 cm-1. A peak at 2107 cm-1 would indicate the presence of a C≡C bond

What characteristics do Creativity require?

Creativity requires several characteristics, including openness to experience, new ideas, an internal locus of evaluation, an ability to toy with elements and concepts, perceiving freshly, concern with outside and inside worlds, ability to defer closure and judgment, and skilled performance of the traditional arts, among others.

what is the Curve of forgetting?

Curve of forgetting occurs cause usually we forget fewer things since all types of memory degrade over time

where is cytochrome C located

Cytochrome c is located in the electron transport chain in mitochondria

D and L isomers of same carbohydrate molecule are ____________ of each other. So because a they are enantiomers what do we know about their configuration at every sterocenter.

D and L isomers of same carbohydrate molecule are enatimores of each other. So because a they are enantiomers they must have opposite configuratiosn at every sterocenter.

Suppose a nanotechnological innovation allows every single charged ion to be precisely identified and removed from a small volume of water. Which of the following describes Ka for the water at the end of the process, assuming that the filtered water is given adequate time to re-equilibrate? A.1 B. 0 C. 10^-7 D. 10^-14

D. 10^-14

The ionophore A23187 transports divalent cations across the lipid bilayer of a muscle cell. At low concentrations, it acts as a ion-exchange shuttle, moving 2 H+ out of the cell in exchange for moving one divalent cation into the cell. What effect would this have on the muscle cell? Depolarization of the membrane Decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentration Decreased ability to contract A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III D. None of the above

D. None of the above The membrane potential does not change, since the exchange of charges across the membrane is the same (two monovalent cations for one divalent cation).

DNA polymerase I requires what for a proper activity

DNA polymerase I requires a primer for proper activity. In the repair of pyrimidine dimers, the primer is:

viral genomes can contain all of the following EXCEPT: A. single-or double-stranded RNA B. Single-stranded DNA C. Double-stranded DNA. D. DNA-RNA hybrid

DNA-RNA hybrid. single- or double-stranded RNA, or single- or double-stranded DNA.

Dark spots occur when what

Dark spots occur where there are no waves, meaning it must be a point of destructive interference saying that the waves are perfectly out of phase

what is not an example of globalization rising levels of global unemployment, Decreased availability is of food, elevated pollution levels, decreased barriers to cultural exchange

Decreased availability is of food is not an example of globalization

buoyant force and Archimedes principle says the % of object is sybmerged given by densityobject/densityfluid x 100%. so does the number we get the amount that is submerged or out in the water

Density of water 1000kg/m3, the eprcetnage submeere 98.5% so that means that 1.5% is out in the water and 98.5% ins submerged. I said that 98.5% was out which is wrong

how does Depolarization in cardiac cells spread to other cells?

Depolarization in cardiac cells spreads rapidly to nearby cells due to the presence of gap junctions; this is how the depolarization wave spreads.

what is Dichotic listening test

Dichotic listening test is a psychological test commonly used to investigate selective attention within the auditory system and is a subtopic of cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it is "used as a behavioral test for hemispheric lateralization of speech sound perception."

What are Dictictomous variable?

Dictictomous variable - 2 levels ex: "yes or no" "deceased or alive"

The presence of a diethyl ether impurity would add how many peaks to the 1H NMR spectrum?

Diethyl ether is a symmetric molecule that has two unique hydrogens, so it exhibits two peaks in its proton NMR spectrum. The number of peaks added by the presence of diethyl ether impurity in solution is thus two.

Diffraction is observed

Diffraction is observed when light passes near the corner of an object or through some aperture in it (slit or pinhole). For this problem light passed through glass objects that no sharp corners or apertures so tis an interference problem. The thing that makes dark spots (destructive) in a interference pattern is prodeuced by a monochromativ light source is the superposition of 2 or more waves that are not in phase with each other.

what does it mean to have a dominant mutation

Dominant mutation means only one copy of a gene needs to be mutated for the disease to occur

These are the rules for unsaturation

Double bonds add one degree of unsaturation Rings add one degree of unsaturation Triple bonds add two degrees of unsaturation

hCG maintains the corpus luteum, a structure that forms in the ovary immediately after: A. ovulation. B. menstruation. C. pregnancy. D. fertilization.

During a normal menstrual cycle, the primary follicle (in the ovary) matures to a tertiary (or Graafian) follicle, which then ruptures during ovulation, releasing the egg, or ovum. The leftover tertiary follicle then becomes the corpus luteum and begins its secretion of progesterone. Hence, the corpus luteum forms in the ovary immediately after ovulation.

During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles leads to expansion of the thoracic cavity and a decrease or increase in intra-pleural pressure. is this positive or negative pressure

During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles leads to expansion of the thoracic cavity and a decrease in intra-pleural pressure. this is negative pressure

post translational modification adds what to a protein?

During post translational modification sugars, lipids and phosphate groups can be added.

During prolonged starvation or fasting what is there an increase of?

During prolonged starvation or fasting there is sustained fatty acid oxidation which leads to glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis,

Which other cellular components are likely to be located near the lacY6xbs transcript (e.coli) in the cell membrane?

E. coli membranes are roughly 75% protein and 25% phospholipid, by mass. E. coli membranes do not contain sterols or glycolipids

erikson's view of development is 8 chronical stages in which each crisis must be what

EACH WITH A CRISIS THAT MUST BE RESOLVED

is Each concentration in the Ksp expression raised to the stoichiometric coefficient?

Each concentration in the Ksp expression is raised to the stoichiometric coefficient, which happens to the same as the power of the charge of the opposing ion.

what is an echoic memory and what is a good test for it

Echoic memory - audible fragment of info we are continually processing from the outside world Ex: asking participants to identify whether 2 tones are identical is best test for echoic memory

What is egocentric bias?

Egocentric bias is the tendency to overstress changes between the past and present in order to make oneself appear more worthy or competent than one actually is.

Enzyme activity depends principally on what?

Enzyme activity depends principally on an enzyme's intrinsic catalytic efficiency, its concentration, the initial substrate concentration, the presence of inhibitors or allosteric activators, temperature, and pH.

does enzyme activity specifically relate to the affinity of enzyme for substrate.

Enzyme activity does not specifically relate to the affinity of enzyme for substrate.

memory that stores personally experiences episodes with tags for context and time is episodic or semantic

Episodic memory system

what cells are are specialized cells for secretion and are present in the respiratory tract. Is it smooth or epithelial,

Epithelial cells are specialized cells for secretion and are present in the repiratory tract. There is smooth muscle in the lungs but they do not secrete anything. The question asked mucous secretions in the repiratory tract inhibit microbial infections. These secretions are produced by which of the following tissue types found in the lungs

for an Equilibrium what is The only thing that changes an equilibrium constant

Equilibrium constants aren't changed if you change the concentrations of things present in the equilibrium. The only thing that changes an equilibrium constant is a change of temperature.

what is Ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker, not the worker to the job.

what kind of hormone is a estrogen

Estrogen is a steroid hormone

determine which hormone(s) and structures are responsible for the increase in thickness of the endometrial lining of the uterus. A. Estrogen, progesterone, and the thecal cells of the developing follicle B. Estrogen and the thecal cells of the developing follicle C. Progesterone and the luteal cells of the corpus luteum D. Progesterone, estrogen, and the luteal cells of the corpus luteum

Estrogen, progesterone, and the thecal cells of the developing follicle

if there is a graph and the question is to find the purpose of the study what can you do to help you find out

FOR QUESTIONS LIKE THESE CHECK THE DATA FOR THE DEPEDENT VARIABEL AND THAT CAN HELP YOU DETERMINE THE PRUPOSE

what kind of hormones are FSH and LH and estrogen

FSH and LH are glycoprotein hormones meaning that they bind to cell-surface receptors while estrogen binds to a dimeric intracellular receptor meaning it's a STERIOD

what is the oxidation state of the iron sulfate from FeSO4

FeSO4 is iron sulfate to find oxidation state of FE you have to remember that SO4 has a 2- charge (you don't do O and S separately) so Iron must have a 2+ charge

what is concentration of fe3+ in saturated solution of Fe(OH)3, given that Ksp(Fe(OH)3=2.64x10^-39. what are the steps?

First step is to write it out fe(OH)3<->fe3+ + 3OH- so ksp=(fe3) (OH-) -> ksp (x)(3x)^3=27x4=2.64x10^-39 -> solve for x -> 27x4=2.64x10^-39 which goes to x4=2.64/27x10^-39 -> x4=.1x10^-39 -> x4=10^-40 -> x=10^-10

How much heat is produced from the complete combustion of 30.0 g of methane, if the enthalpy of reaction is -890 kJ/mol?

First, note that methane has a molecular formula of CH4. Thus, its molecular weight is approximately 12 + 4(1) = 16 g/mol. 30 g CH4 x (1 mol/16 g) x (890 kJ/mol) = 1.8 x 103 kJ (if we round 890 to 900 kJ/mol) Note that the answer options have units of joules (J), not kilojoules (kJ), and choice A should be eliminated. Converting the units gives: 1.8 x 103 kJ x (103 J /1 kJ) = 1.8 x 106 J

what does Flux mean?

Flux is the presence of a force field in a specified physical medium, or the flow of energy through a surface. In electronics, the term applies to any electrostatic field and any magnetic field . Flux is depicted as "lines" in a plane that contains or intersects electric charge poles or magnetic poles.

For something to be suspended in the middle of the fluid, the net force in the vertical direction must equal zero

For something to be suspended in the middle of the fluid, the net force in the vertical direction must equal zero

what is the tangential velocity along the edge of a circle equal to

For tangential velocity, we are describing the motion along the edge of a circle and the direction at any given point on the circle is always along the tangent line. the tangential velocity is the distance, 2πr, divided by the time, T.

what does it mean For the amino terminal (basic) so at ph=7 ph<pka which means the animo terminal is The carboxyl terminal is acidic so at ph=7 the ph>pka so the carboxyl terminal is

For the amino terminal (basic) so at ph=7 ph<pka which means the animo terminal is protonated and carries a positive charge. The carboxyl terminal is acidic so at ph=7 the ph>pka so the carboxyl terminal is deprotnatated and carries a negative charge

weight =

Force = weight

Forgotten Sociologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are who

Forgotten Sociologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries - mostly women who were primarilty social workers rather than academicnians

the formula W=FDcos what does the angle represent

Formula is W=FDcos the angle is between the force vector and the displacement vector. Since the swimmer swims horizonatally while gravity acts vertically the angle is 90 and so cos 90 = 0 so that makes W =o now if the force vector were parallel to the displacement vector than I could have done cos 0

what does Functionalism describe

Functionalism describes interdependent aspects of society contributing to functioning as a whole.

what is the process of gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from a nonglucose substrate--in other words, the creation of new glucose. Lactate, glycerol, and alanine are common gluconeogenic precursors.

A group of police officers is brought together to discuss what changes, if any, are needed in MHA policies. After the discussion, the group submits a plan outlining policies that entail more severe punishments and more permissive escalation-of-force regulations. This plan most likely developed as a result of:

Group polarization is a phenomenon in which a group comes to express a consensus view that is more extreme than the individual views of any one group member before the group discussion began. Here, the more extreme policy is likely the result of group polarization during the discussion. While groupthink can lead a group to take extreme stances out of a sense of invulnerability, the question doesn't directly describe factors of groupthink (illusion of invulnerability, self-censorship, stereotyping, etc.) that would make D the correct answer. It does directly describe the phenomenon of group polarization.

What does group think lead people to avoid

Group think causes people to end up valusing consensus over clear decision-making and confronting ingroup conflicts so it leads people to avoid raising controversial issues or propse alternatives to the group's desired solution

Groups that are economically, socially, and politically stable tend to have the least amount of cultural cultural relivatism or ethnocentrism

Groups that are economically, socially, and politically stable tend to have the least amount of ethnocentrism

what does Groupthink require that individuals to do or not do ?

Groupthink - requires that individuals feel pressured not to bring up controversial or challenging ideas

Would the concentration of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ increase if the equilibrium were disturbed by adding HCL?

HCL will protonate Ammonia - it will do this in a Bronsted acid-base reaction and reduce the amount of ammonia present SO the disturbed equilibrium responds in a way to restore ammonia, but this causes the amount of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ to decrease and the equilibrium will shift left

what does HIV destroy

HIV destroys WBC but doesn't destroy host's ability to produce more

As the temperature of the system is increased, what should be observed for the following endothermic reaction with the equilibrium constant when the temperature is constant

Had the pressure been increased at constant temperature, the equilibrium constant would have remained the same, so choice D would have been the best answer. Had the volume been increased at constant temperature, the equilibrium constant would also have remained the same

Higher levels of HDL are healthy or bad?

Higher levels of HDL are healthy, since one important role of HDL is to transport cholesterol back to the liver for recycling.

the higher the bond order will the bond be stronger or weaker? so do double bonds have higher or lower stretching frequencies than single bonds

Higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and the higher the vibrational stretching frequencies in the IR spectrum so double bonds have higher stretching frequencies than single bonds

Which change results in an increase in current? I. Adding a second battery to the circuit that is in series with the first battery. II. Inserting a fuse into the circuit at Point b. III. Adding a second resistor of identical resistance to the circuit that is in parallel to the first resistor

I and III only

when MHC-I and MHC-II are displayed on the plasma membrane what notices them and what happens next

If MHC‐I and endogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells displaying the antigens. If MHC‐II and exogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing helper T cells. Helper T cells release interleukins (and other cytokines), which stimulate B cells to produce antibodies that bind to the antigens and stimulate nonspecific agents (NK and macrophages) to destroy the antigens.

As a fluid flows through a tube whose radius steadily decreases from 2.0 to 1.0 cm, what change can be expected if the indicated factor remains constant?

If flow rate is constant, then ∆P must increase. According to Poiseuille's equation, if flow rate is constant (as is assumed in choices A and B), and if the value of R decreases, then the ∆P must increase

if the Medium A angle of incidence is 40 degrees while medium B refracted angle is 30 degrees to the normal - which medium A or B's light ray is faster and has a longer wavelength the frequency remains constant. does a greater or lesser wavelength means a longer wavelength

If it is denser the light ray will move slower but it will have a shorter wavelength so the answer should be that medium A light ray is faster and has a longer wavelength in medium A than in Medicum B. the frequancy remains constant. a greater wavelength means a longer wavelength

when will body burn fat

If there is a reduced energy intake the body will burn fat reserves and consume muscle and other tissues. Body burns fat after first exhausting contents of difestive tract along with glycogen reserves stored in muscle and liver cells.

If velocity is constant than than what is the accelerattion

If velocity is constant than using F=ma there is no acceleration because there is no force so the net force= zero

Important to know that growth curves of microogranisms are what shape parabola, hyperbola, sigmodial, linear

Important to know that growth curves of microogranisms are sigmoidal

what is the imprinting period for children?

Imprinting period - children are sensitive for learning certain things. If this period passes and the child did not learn what he was supposed to learn, he may be unable to learn this item at a alter time

how can impulse be calculated?

Impulse equals change in momentum experienced by an object as the result of a collision. Impulse can be calculated by multiplying the average force exerted on the object during the momentum change by the period of time that force is acting on the object (J = m∆v = Favg∆t).

In a humid climate, what happened with the air?

In a humid climate, the air is saturated with water, so the vapor pressure can rise no higher. This means that the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. The net result is that evaporation cannot occur without condensation, so heat cannot be dissipated through evaporation.

In prokaryotes the enzymes of electron transport chains are localized where

In prokaryotes the enzymes of electron transport chains are localized to cell's plasma

who do we use avogadro's number

In stoichiometric calculations, this means that 6.022 × 10^23 should only come up when converting between moles of a substance and the numbers of atoms or molecules. To go from moles to atoms/molecules, multiply by Avogadro's number. To go from atoms/molecules to moles, divide. If you're converting between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, then you would NOT use Avogadro's number-- instead, stick with the molar mass.

in terms of energy how do galvanic and electrolytic cells get their energy

In summary, galvanic cells create their own energy via spontaneous redox reactions. Electrolytic cells need an energy input, such as a battery, in order to force the non-spontaneous redox reactions to occur.

In the lungs partial pressure of CO2 in the blood is high or low

In the lungs partial pressure of CO2 in the blood is low,

In the tissues, are co2 levels high or low and why? -

In the tissues, co2 levels are already high due to cellular metabolism-

increasing PTH would do what

Increase PTH means increase resorption and increase free calcium in the blood

As one step in the estimation of the efficiency of neuronal induction, scientists calculated the average number of induced cells present in 30 randomly selected 20× visual fields. Which change to this particular aspect of the experimental protocol would increase the accuracy of the estimates of efficiency? A. Increase the number of visual fields counted per petri dish. B. Use the presence of green fluorescence to identify cells appropriate for quantification. C. Select visual fields from the central portion of the petri dish where cell density is highest.

Increase the number of visual fields counted per petri dish. Increasing the number of visual fields counted would increase the sample of cells observed from the total "population," and result in results that better approximate the true values.

does Increasing K+ concentration make depolarization more difficult to trigger?

Increasing K+ concentration only makes depolarization more difficult to trigger, due to a resting membrane potential that is more negative and extends the refractory phase of the cell.

What is Insulin?

Insulin is an eighty-six amino acid protein hormone that has three regions responsible for the activity of the compound.

Intergalactic space is like what

Intergalactic space is like a vacuum and it is very difficutl for a longitutidnal wave to propageate throught that medium

what are the monocular cues?

Interposition, motion parallax, relative size = monocular cue

difference between ionic, coordinate, and covalent bonding

Ionic bonding, as the name suggests, are formed between ions - ions which are oppositely charged. Positive ions, or cations take part in ionic bonding with negative ions, or anions. In ionic bonding, there is an electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Coordinate bonding is a form of covalent bonding. Covalent bonding is a bond formed when atoms of elements share electrons to form that bond. In coordinate bonding one atom donates it's electrons to form the covalent bond without the other atom contributing.

How does sidedness affect the tertiary structure of a protein?

It allows for stronger tertiary interactions between hydrophilic secondary structural units

would it take more weight added to a heavier or lighter weight for an individual to recognize that there was a change in weight

It would take more weight added to a heavier weight for an individual to recognize that there was a change in weight

what does it mean if something is isoelectronic

K+ and CL- were isoelectronic WHICH MEANS THEY have electron configuration the same one which also means they have the same number of occupied orbitals

is KOH or KOAc a strong base, strong acid, weak base, or weak acid?

KOH is a strong base, while KOAc is a weak base,

what sex chromosome is Klinefelter syndrome, down syndrome, and turner syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome is XXY, a trisomy of the sex chromosomes Down syndrome - trisomy 21, a trisomy of the autosomal chromosomes Turner syndrome is XO, a monosomy of the sex chromosomes

people with Korsakoff's syndrome have a deficiency in what?

Korsakoff's syndrome is a neurological disorder that is most often seen in people who have severe prolonged alcoholism, as a result of which they experience severe thiamine deficiency.

what is Lh and what does it do?

LH is the hormone that helps mature ovarian follicles and helps stimulate the formation fo the corpus luteum

what is the Order of visual info sent to brain for processing

Lens -> cones of retina -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> visual cortex

what type of waves are transverse waves

Light waves are transverse waves with E and B fields oscillating at right angles to each other (think right hand rule)

Lithium (Li) is to the left of beryllium (Be), which means that lithium is easier to oxidize or reduce than beryllium.

Lithium (Li) is to the left of beryllium (Be), which means that lithium is easier to oxidize than beryllium. A greater oxidation potential should be observed with lithium than beryllium.

Which cells (liver, epithelial, neurons, kidneys) are more likely to be found in G0 because they do not divide as often as epithelial cells.

Liver cells, neurons, and kidney cells are more likely to be found in G0 because they do not divide as often as epithelial cells.

what does it mean If the energy required to excite electrons present in the CPV fluorophore exceeded that which is emitted when the electrons relaxed, what happens to the energy?

Longer-wavelength light corresponds to lower-energy light. If the energy required to excite electrons present in the CPV fluorophore exceeded that which is emitted when the electrons relaxed, then energy must have been lost during the return to the ground state following excitation separately from the energy of the emission.

how does Longitudinal and transverse waves look like?

Longitudinal (e.g sound) - sound goes a long way, it is parallel. (I imagine 'long' to be a straight like aka two parallel lines). BOTH PARALLEL. Transverse (e.g EM) - transverse stops to converse, so it doesn't go long. It has distractions - like perpendicular lines - even though it aims to go forward (parallel). PARALLEL, PERPENDICULAR.

would the loss of inferior colliculus cause a loss of hearing

Loss of inferior colliculus - lead to an impaired startle reflex and vestibule-ocular reflex (being able to keep the eyes on a point while the head is turned)

a reaction as PCL5(g) ->PCL3(g) + Cl2(g) Low temperature and high pressure would force the reaction to which direction

Low temperature and high pressure would force the reaction to the reactant side.

What is Magnocellular cells used for

Magnocellular cells - important component of visual system and are specialized to detect motion

Malingering, also called shamming illness or goldbricking is what?

Malingering, also called shamming illness or goldbricking, is the false and fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of physical or mental disease or defect, performed in order to obtain money or drugs or to evade duty or criminal responsibility, or for other reasons that may be readily understood by an objective observer from the individual's circumstances, rather than from learning the individual's psychology.

what is a manifesto

Manifesto - very strong, ideological document that calls people to action about a particular political cause

Micro level analysis is a hallmark of which perspective.

Micro lvel analysis is a hallmark of symbolic interactionsts perspective.

when are mirror neurons activated

Mirror neurons are implicated in observational learning. They are activated when organism engages in an action and when that organism observes others performing the same action.

what is Miscibility

Miscibility - describes the mixing of 2 substances while each retaining their chemical structure

Most of the solids increases or decreases its solubility as the temperature increase?

Most of the solids increases its solubility as the temperature increase because the dissolution of solids is an endothermic process. Heat would be on the reactant side, and by adding more reactant, the equilibrium shifts to the right.

What of cue (monocular or binocular) is motion parallax and what is it

Motion parallax - relative motion (monocular cue) - is a monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us. It is a depth cue that results from our motion. As we move, objects that are closer to us move farther across our field of view than do objects that are in the distance.

In order to lower the ph from 7.6 to 7.2. the proportion of acidic buffer component must be increased. What will do this: Adding strong base, diluting with water, or adding a different basic salt (Na2HPO3)

Na2HPO3 is a basic salt

What is the Natural immunity

Natural immunity is immunity that is present in the individual at birth, prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen, and that includes intact skin, salivary enzymes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and complement.

can Ordinal variables be categorical and/or ranked? (ex: education - elementary-secondary-college)

Ordinal variables - categorical and can be ranked (ex: education - elementary-secondary-college)

Organic acids are strong or weak acids?

Organic acids are weak acids, generally having formulas of R-CO2H, with the acidic hydrogen bonded to an oxygen atom.

what disorder is Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria is not an aneuploidy disorder. A birth defect that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body.

What does Polarizability allows us to better understand and which forces does it affect the most

Polarizability allows us to better understand the interactions between nonpolar atoms and molecules and other electrically charged species, such as ions or polar molecules with dipole moments. Polarizability - molecule that affects the van der walls intermolecular forces the most

What makes a virus positive- or negative-sense?

Positive-sense RNA runs 5' to 3' and can be directly translated by the ribosome into the desired protein. So in positive-sense RNA viruses, the viral RNA genome is the viral mRNA that is translated by the host cell into viral proteins. In contrast, negative-sense RNA cannot be directly translated. Negative-sense runs 3' to 5' and is complementary to the viral RNA (aka viral mRNA). If this is the starting point for a virus, then an intermediate step is needed in order to create proteins: a positive-sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prior to translation.

Chris strongly believes that "suspects are innocent until proven guilty," but after a school shooting, he joins a group online in the pursuit of potential suspects. He identifies someone as the "shooter" and disseminates that person's contact information, which is then covered by national news outlets along with the person's picture. The next day, police announce that the person identified was in no way involved in the crime. Expressing remorse, what principle of cognitive dissonance will Chris most likely experience? A. Induced compliance B. Post-decisional conflict C. Effort justification D. Free choice paradigm

Post-decisional conflict is the dissonance associated with behaving in a counter-attitudinal way. A: Induced compliance happens when a person is persuaded by others to behave in a way that is contrary to their attitudes. Because Chris voluntarily engaged in behavior that was against his beliefs, this is not the best answer. C: Effort justification is the state of dissonance that emerges when a person makes an effort to achieve a modest goal. This phenomenon is not relevant to the situation described above. D: Free choice reduction of conflict happens when a person has a binary choice which may conflict with their current views or beliefs. Once they make a decision and act, their attitudes can change to be more congruent with their decision.

what reinforcers are events which reward or encourage a behabior without condition being present

Primary reinforcers are events which reward or encourage a behabior without condition being present

What is a prion?

Prion is an abnormally folded protein that induces a normally folded version of the protein to also adopt the abnormal structure which is often deleterious.

In a third test, patients are given sentences that contain content that relate to their lives (such information having been gained through prior interviews with family members). Moreover, these sentences state facts that are either wrong (e.g. "Your niece is named Juliana" when in fact her name is "Julia") or distorted somehow. Using such sentences would likely show: A. increased recall but significantly lower recognition. B. proactive interference in the normal patients but not in the Korsakoff's patients. C. proactive interference in the Korsakoff's patients but not in the normal patients. D. proactive interference in both groups in the experiment.

Proactive interference refers to the fact that currently existing long-term memories can interfere with the process of forming new long-term memories. This is unlikely to affect patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, as they are already unable to form new long-term memories.

what are Prokaryote ribosomes and what are they comprised of

Prokaryote ribosomes are 70s comprised of a small 30S subunit and a 50S large subunit

would Putting a hydroxyl group raise the melting point?

Putting a hydroxyl group would raise the melting point because the hydroxyl group would increase the intermolecular forces.

what do Pyrmidine dimers cause?

Pyrmidine dimers that occur cause of UV light which cause a bump in the backbone where two T are form. it causes a covalent bond so in the backbone we have a phosphodiester bond that links the 3 carbon atom of one deoxyribose and the 5 carbon atom of another deoxyribose within the DNA molecules

what is a Quantative analysis vs qualititative (thin layer chromatography, IR spectroscopy, acid/base extraction, gas chromatography)

Quantative analysis (Gas chromatography - area under the curve is proportional to the amount of material that has been analyzed. vs qualititative (thin layer chromatography - determination of the number of components within a mixture, IR spectroscopy, acid - identification of specific functional groups within a molecule/base extraction - separate components within a mixture, but it does not separate them perfectly)

R and S configuration at the chiral center is what

R and S configuration at the chiral center is D and L so that means they are enantiomers

what frequencies are REM sleep eeg readings

REM sleep eeg readings are more like high frequency tooth waves

what are radicals?

Radical - species with one or more unpaired electrons. Generally for this to be true therer needs to be an odd number of valence electrons.

a reaction as PCL5(g) ->PCL3(g) + Cl2(g) What are the BEST conditions for using PCl5(s) reactant with the goal of maximizing the amount of PCl5(s)?

React under Cl2(g) at low temperature and high pressure.

what of cue (monocular or binocular) is relative height and what is it

Relative height (monocular cue) provides info about distance - objects higher are perceived to be further away than those lower

if charges are in motion do they generate magnetic fields and what are the sources of magnetic fields

Remember charges in motion generate magnetic fields, so electrical currents are the sources of magnetic fields

Renal failure results in less urine volume, so clearance of urea (a waste product) would be increased or decreased

Renal failure results in less urine volume, so clearance of urea (a waste product) would be decreased

What do Restriction enzymes recognize and make a cut at what sequence?

Restriction enzymes recognize and make a cut within specific palindromicsequences, known as restriction sites, in the DNA. This is usually a 4- or 6 base pair sequence.

What is the first strcture that the light hits is the outer layer of ganglion cells .

Retina is wired backwards; light passes first through a maze of nevrce cells before hitting the rods and cones at the very back of the retina. So the first strcture that the light hits is the outer layer of ganglion cells .

what of cue (monocular or binocular) is retinal disparity and what is it

Retinal disparity - binocular depth cue that gives you slightly diff. view of same object and contributes to depth perception

do Retroviruses have positive-sense RNA genomes or DNA genomes?

Retroviruses have positive-sense RNA genomes, not DNA genomes.

how does reverse tranascriptase go from RNA to DNA

Reverse transcriptase uses the single stranded RNA genome as a template to create a double-stranded DNA-RNA hybrid. Then rna is then degraded and the resulting single stranded DNA is used a template to create a double-stranded DNA

at red light does Rhodopsin absorb it well and can it be easily bleached by bright light.

Rhodopsin doenst absorb red light very well and they easily bleach by bright light.- the red cone cells would respond to red light and provide more visual acuity but rods are not very sensitive to red light so dark adaptation is maintained for that reason so rods are not very seenstivie to red light, so their rhodopsin is not belached

what is a ritual and what is a good example of it

Ritual - ceremony that involves objects, symbolism, and behaviors (like the practice of reciting the pledge in front of an American flag

What is Robbers cave about?

Robbers cave - Sherif argued that intergroup conflict (i.e. conflict between groups) occurs when two groups are in competition for limited resources. This theory is supported by evidence from a famous study investigating group conflict: The Robbers Cave (Sherif, 1954, 1958, 1961). His main contribution is known as Realistic Conflict Theory, and accounts for group conflict, negative prejudices, and stereotypes as being the result of competition between groups for desired resources.

Rods and cones are similar to what in our body

Rods and cones are similar to hair cells

how does atrial contraction occur within the SA and AV node

SA node normally initiates a depolarization that travels as a wave across the atrial muscle, triggering atrial contraction. At this point, the ventricles are normally relaxed, because the depolarization wave is slowed at the AV node, resulting in a delay that allows atrial contraction to squeeze blood into the ventricles while they are relaxed. After the delay, the wave spreads to the ventricles and causes contraction.

what does SDS do?

SDS binding denatures and imparts an even distribution of charge per unit mass to the protein, resulting in fractionation by approximate size alone during electrophoresis.

SN2 rxn is what type of rxn uni or bimolecular rxn and what does the NU do? is the Nu strong or weak?

SN2 rxn is a bimolecular rxn in which the nuclophile attacks the substrate and kicks off leaving group simultaneously. The nucleophile has to perform backside attack, attacking from 180 opposite the leaving group. In order for any sn2 rxn to work, there needs to be a strong nucleophile (which oh- is) and the leaving group needs o be a weak base (which fluoride is).

which can be oxidized: saturated or unsaturated fatty acids

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and cannot be oxidized

difference between Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in terms of undergo β-oxidation

Saturated fatty acids undergo β-oxidation as described in detail here Oxidation of Fatty Acids but unsaturated fatty acids have a slight variation in the pathway. β-oxidation pathway for unsaturated fatty acids includes two additional enzymes isomerase and reductase.

which is a better nucleophile Se or S in a polar protic solvent

Se is a better nucleophile than S. Se is below S and it is in the same group.

secondary vs primary groups

Secondary groups include groups in which one exchanges explicit commodities, such as labor for wages, services for payments, and such. They also include university classes, athletic teams, and groups of co-workers. A primary group is typically a small social group (small-scale society) whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships. These groups are marked by members' concern for one another, in shared activities and culture. Examples include family, childhood friends, and highly influential social groups.

what is selective mutism and under what psychological group is it under

Selective mutism is in the same group as panic disorder - > characterized by social anxiety and lack of speech in select social situations

what is self fulfilling prophecy

Self fulfilling prophecy, the expectation that someone has for himself can lead to him being more likely to become that

what is self serving bias -

Self-Serving Bias. The common human tendency to attribute one's successes to personal characteristics, and one's failures to factors beyond one's control. The reason people tend to personalize success is because it helps their self-esteem levels. Most people demonstrate this behavior on a regular basis.

what is sensory adaptation?

Sensory adaptation - ability to adjust your sensory perception based on changing stimuli

what does the hormone serotonin involved with and there is a low amount of it what can that lead to

Serotonin - involved with mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming - a low amount of it is believed to factor in onset of depression

when heat is added to the system what does this mean for the products decrease and the reactants? and would The Ka (equilibrium constant) increase or decrease?

Since the dissociation reaction is exothermic, heat is given off when forming the products. Thus when heat is added to the system, it acts as an inhibitor of product formation according to Le Chatelier's principle. This means that products decrease and reactants increase, as the system is heated. The Ka (equilibrium constant) is a measure of the products over the reactants, so the value of Ka decreases with the addition of heat to the system.

Somatic symptom disorder is

Somatic symptom disorder involves having a significant focus on physical symptoms — such as pain or fatigue — to the point that it causes major emotional distress and problems functioning. You may or may not have another diagnosed medical condition associated with these symptoms.

What is Somatosensation responsible for

Somatosensation - responsible for touch, while includes sensing pain and vibrations

Somatosensation relies on what kind of nerves in which nervous system

Somatosensation relies on sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system and the somatosensory cortex in CNS not on motor cortex

What is Stabilizing selection

Stabilizing selection describes a process in which extremes of a trait (being very tall or very short for example) are selected against and an intermediary trait (like being average height) is selected for. This does not appear to be happening in this scenario.

purpose of Stanley milgram's test

Stanley milgram's test to see how obedient subjects were to demands of unkonwon authority figures to administer shocks to other people

What is stereocilia

Stereocilia - component of cells which play an important role in the auditory system

Steric congestion tends to promote which type SN1 or SN2

Steric congestion tends to promote SN1-type mechanisms, so a tertiary alkyl halide, like tert-butyl chloride, would favor pushing the leaving group off to form the carbocation.

what are the stimulant medications that are used to treat children, adolescents, or adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Stimulant medications including amphetamines (e.g., Adderall) and methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin and Concerta) are often prescribed to treat children, adolescents, or adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

What are endorphins and what are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins?

Stress and pain are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins. Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as morphine and codeine.

Structural mobility happens when

Structural mobility happens when societal changes enable a whole group of people to move up or downthe social class ladder. Structural mobility is attributable to changes in society as a whole, not individual changes.

how is sucrose formed

Sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose, an ether group is formed from 2 alcohols by loss of a water molecule

can surveys have a direct causation

Surveys do not have a control group or variables that can be manipulated so there can not be a direct causation

do Surveys have a control group or variables that can be manipulated

Surveys do not have a control group or variables that can be manipulated so there can not be a direct causation

what does Symbolic interactionism perspective suggest about people

Symbolic interactionism perspective suggests that people attach meanings to symbols, and subsequent actions rely on interpretation of these symbols so its analysis is more on the micro level than on the macro level

for Sympathetic system what muscle type is dilated

Sympathetic system - dilation of vessels in skeletal muscle tissue

TLC (kreb cycle) begins with acetyl coa or pyruvate

TLC (kreb cycle) begins with acetyl coa not pyruvate

Which type of molecule contains the SHORTEST carbonyl (C=O) bond? A. Carbon dioxide B. aldehyde C. amide

The C=O bond in carbon dioxide is composed of an sp-hybridized carbon and an oxygen. Because the sp-hybridized orbital is shorter than the sp2-hybridized orbital, the C=O bond of carbon dioxide must be shorter than the C=O bond of an aldehyde

Is the SN2 mechanism favored by polar aprotic or protic solvents, such as acetone or DMSO

The SN2 mechanism is favored by polar aprotic solvents, such as acetone or DMSO

In the brain imaging studies have shown that differences in neural activity among adults are associated with reported childhood adversities. Which imaging technique (eek, mri, pet scan and ct) is best suited for localizing brain areas, as describd in the studies of neural activity.

The answer was PET scan - the studies focused on activation (and thus brain function) a pet scan is the best imaging tool among those listed. The other choices eek, mri, and ct are not specifically designed for measuring brain activation in particular regions

When an ideal fluid flows through a gradually narrowing pipe, what is observed to the average speed and the volume flow rate?

The average speed of the particles increases, although the volume flow rate remains constant.

How can one explain a different flow rate for blood through veins in the neck and veins in the legs of a human body? A. There is a significant difference in the partial pressures of blood gases dissolved in the blood flowing through the neck veins and leg veins, which affects blood viscosity, so η is different B. Neck muscles are larger than leg muscles and put more pressure on the veins nearest to them, so ∆P is different C. Neck veins are shorter and have smaller radii than leg veins, as well as fewer internal valves to direct blood flow back to the heart, so L, R, and π/8 are different D. The combined effects of gravity and potential energy produce different flow rates

The best answer is choice D. Perhaps the effects of gravity and potential energy on venous blood flow are most clearly exemplified in patients with peripheral edema, the pooling of blood in the lower extremities that typically accompanies heart failure.

The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the easier or harder it is to eject. Which hybridization orbitals have the most s character sp, sp2, sp3

The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the harder it is to eject. Because sp-hybridized orbitals have the most s character of all of the answer choices, they contain the electrons that are hardest to eject.

Which anatomical structure is responsible for the elevated levels of progesterone

The corpus luteum develops in the ovary immediately after the ejection of the ovum (ovulation). The follicular cavity contains estrogen and its derivatives;

The degrees of freedom indicate what?

The degrees of freedom (indicating sample size and statistical power)

when looking for the cross sectional area what is the area if the diameter is 1/2

The diameter is one half that of the artery, so the corsssectional area is one quarter that of the artery which makes the veolocity trough the arteriole 4 times higher since the orginial velocity was 1 meter per second. PLEASE REMEMBER THIS

what does The enzyme's ability to make the reaction faster depends on

The enzyme's ability to make the reaction faster depends on the fact that it stabilizes the transition state. The transition state's energy or, in terms of a reaction, the activation energy is the minimum energy that is needed to break certain bonds of the reactants so as to turn them into products.

what does not change as it changes to a new medium? frequency, amplitude, wavelength and wave speed

The frequency of a wave is not affected by the medium through which propagates but the amplitude, wavelength and wave speed will change.

The image of an object that is far from a concave mirror has what location relative to the mirror and its focal point?

The image forms at the focal point. When the object distance approaches infinity, the 1/o term in the thin lens equation approaches zero and thus drops out. The equation reduces to 1/f = 1/i, which results in an image that is formed at the focal point. For converging lenses and converging mirrors, when the object is at the focal point, the image is at infinity. Conversely, when the object is at infinity, the image is formed at the focal point.

The increase in temp is associated with an exothermic or endothermic reaction going in the forward direction .

The increase in temp associated with an exothermic reaction going in the forward direction

The increase in temp is associated with an exothermic reaction going in the forward direction would that decrease or expand the gas and thereby increase the volume of the chamber, causing the piston to rise

The increase in temp is associated with an endothermic reaction going in the forward direction would expand the gas and thereby increase the volume of the chamber, causing the piston to rise

What is the innate immune system?

The innate (non-specific) immune system includes anatomical barriers, secretory molecules, and cellular components. Among the mechanical anatomical barriers are the skin and internal epithelial layers, the movement of the intestines, and the oscillation of bronchopulmonary cilia.

what is a provirus

The integrated provirus (the name given to viruses whose chromosomes are integrated)

what is the The key to telling if the disease is autosomal rather than x linked

The key to telling if the disease is autosomal rather than x linked (in the example) is that the father is a carrier of the disease, but does not have it. If it were x linked and he had an allele for the disease, he would present symptoms and likely not be alive today.

The most ideal conditions for a gas are low or high pressure and high or low temperature (where molecules have enough energy to overcome what attractions)?

The most ideal conditions for a gas are low pressure (which reduces intermolecular interactions) and high temperature (where molecules have enough energy to overcome intermolecular attractions).

how many fatty acid chains does phospholipid tails have and are they basic or acidic

The phospholipid tails in a bilayer usually consists of 2 long fatty acid chains; they are hydrophobic and avoid interactions with water. So they are acidic

what is the nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it. There are two phrenic nerves, a left and a right one.

The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it. There are two phrenic nerves, a left and a right one.

The primary difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds

The primary difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Also, nearly all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or C-H bonds. Note, containing carbon is not sufficient for a compound to be considered organic! Look for both carbon and hydrogen.

can we see clear images under water with the naked eye?

The refractive index of water is different from air and that is why we cannot see clear images under water with the naked eye

The relationship between the dielectric and the capacitance is depicted by what formula:

The relationship between the dielectric and the capacitance is depicted by this formula: C = kC Where: k = the dielectric constant C = the capacitance of the capacitor

As the temperature of the system is increased, what should be observed for the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium in terms of partial pressure?

The result is that the partial pressures of the products increase, while the partial pressures of the reactants decrease. The net result is that both the product-to-reactant ratio and the equilibrium constant increase.

During the study discussed in the passage, different-sized circles were displayed before a shock was delivered to the participants. The shock and the resulting fear are examples of which aspects of classical conditioning, respectively?

The shock is an unconditioned stimulus because it triggers a naturally-occurring response, and the fear is an unconditioned response that naturally occurs when presented with a shock.

whats the concentration of Ca2+(aq) in a saturated solution of CaCO3. Solubility product constant Ksp for CaCO3 is 4.9x10-9.

The solubility product constant expression for CaCo3 is ksp= (Ca2+)(Co32-). Since equal quantities of ca2+(aq) and Co32-(aq) are produced when CaCo3 dissolves this expression reudeces to 4.9x10^-9=x2 or 49x10^-10=x2. This can be solved by taking square root of each side giving you 7x10^-5.

The solubility product constant represents what?

The solubility product constant represents the product of the concentrations of the ions present in solution.

results from a study indicate that there is -.82 correlation between alcohol consumption and internal locus of control. this is a strong negative correlation. What does it mean that it is a strong negative correlation? It means that, as one variable increases (in this case, people who drink more alcohol), there is an associated decrease or increase in another variable (in this case, internal locus of control, or believing that they control their own fate)

The strong negative correlation means that, as one variable increases (in this case, people who drink more alcohol), there is an associated decrease in another variable (in this case, internal locus of control, or believing that they control their own fate) so the correct statement would be HIGH alcohol consumption behavior is strongly associated with people perceiving that chance or outside forces control their fate.

the pressure reading was 130/85, when would blood flow be heard

The systolic pressure is determined from the first sound of blood flow that can be heard once the pressure exerted by the inflatable cuff falls below the pressure in the artery. Therefre blood flow was not heard when the pressure of the cuff was greater than 130mmhg so it could be least likely that The blood pressure reading was 130/85 which indicates that blood flow started again when the pressure was 130 mmhg. But the blood flow would be heard when the pressure of the cuff was 90mmhg

Which cells produce both of the elevated levels of estrogen secretion seen in Figure 1? A. Ova within the ovary B. Thecal cells surrounding the ovum C. Mucosa layer cells of the uterus D. Ciliated cuboidal cells of the fallopian tube

The thecal cells of the developing follicle synthesize and secrete estrogen. After ovulation, the thecal cells help develop the corpus luteum, which continues to produce estrogen for the remaining days of the menstrual cycle.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about thyroid hormones? A. There are two thyroid hormones that synthesized in the thyroid gland (abbreviated as T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (abbreviated as T3). B. They both contain iodine, and they do not have any peptide bonds. C. Goiter results from iodine levels gone haywire, which would be caused by both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid conditions. D. The thyroid hormone T4 is the most active form at the receptor of the two thyroid hormones.

The thyroid hormone T4 is the most active form at the receptor of the two thyroid hormones.

The transfer of a nuclear particle between two separate nuclei would involve fusion or fission?

The transfer of a nuclear particle between two separate nuclei would involve both fusion (gain of a particle) and fission (the loss of a particle),

what is the undifferentiated subtype of schizonphria

The undifferentiated subtype is diagnosed when people have symptoms of schizophrenia that are not sufficiently formed or specific enough to permit classification of the illness into one of the other subtypes. Their cognitive abilities can fall within a wide range of ability.

The weaker the conjugate base, the lower the hydroxide anion concentration, so the higher or lower the pOH and the pH.

The weaker the conjugate base, the lower the hydroxide anion concentration, so the higher the pOH and the lower the pH.

The electron flow is from right to left; Zn2+ plates out to form Zn(s); Cu(s) dissociates to form Cu2+. which is oxidized and which is reduced?

The zinc dication (Zn2+) is reduced so that it plates out on the left electrode in the form of zinc metal. Copper metal is oxidized so that it dissociates into solution as Cu2+(aq).

what are the requirements to have a dipole

To have a dipoloe there must be polar covalent bonds and an asymmetric molecular structure

For an enzyme-catalyzed reaction with a very low initial substrate concentration, and where Km >> [S], the Michaelis-Menten equation may be approximated as V = Vmax [S] / Km, where Vmax / Km is a constant of the reaction. What order is this reaction (zero, first, second, third)?

Under these conditions, the reaction is approximately first order with respect to S.

Chloramphenicol did NOT inhibit translation in E. coli cells containing the cat6xbs expression plasmid. What experimental parameter could be changed in order to affect translation inhibition? A. Increase the chloramphenicol concentration. B. Increase the chloramphenicol incubation time. C. Alter the incubation temperature by a few degrees. D. Use an alternate antibiotic.

Use an alternate antibiotic. As stated in the passage, the cat transcript encodes chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Without even being familiar with this protein, the reader should be able to tell by looking at the name of the protein that it is an enzyme (-ase) that causes chloramphenicol to undergo a chemical change (acetyl transfer). This renders chloramphenicol ineffective and confers antibiotic resistance to the cell regardless of the chloramphenicol concentration or incubation time. A moderate increase in the temperature should increase the translation efficiency. Thus, use of an alternate antibiotic is the only reasonable choice of those presented.

what is the configuration of noble gases and do they form covalent bonds

Usually noble gases have closed shell electron configuration sand generally do not form covalent bonds

V0 represents what. Once the reaction reaches equilibrium, what will happen to the measurement of Vo?

V0 is the initial velocity of the reaction. However the key point that I missed when that once the reaction reaches equilibrium, measurement of Vo will be impossible and the kinetic data will look the same regardless of substrate concentration.

where are feature detection-specific neurons are located?

Visual cortex is where feature detection, such as detection of edges, is processed, and is also where feature detection-specific neurons are located

Titration curves exhibit an asymptote at very large volumes of added titrant. Which of the following experimental parameters determines the location of this asymptote?

We thus expect the asymptotic pH of a titration curve to approach that of the titrant. In the limit of an infinitely amount of titrant has been added to the solution, the pH should become just the pH of the titrant---the original solution gets diluted away.

Is there a linear or non-linear relationship for Weber's law?

Weber's law postulates that there is a linear relationship, not a non-linear relationship, between the intensity of a stimulus and its detection.

When a second battery is added in series, the two voltages of the two batteries sum, will the voltage increase or decrease, and will that cause current to increase or decrease?

When a second battery is added in series, the two voltages of the two batteries sum, so the voltage increases, causing current to increase.

When a second resistor of identical resistance is added in parallel, what happens to the resistance or current?

When a second resistor of identical resistance is added in parallel, the overall resistance is cut in half. This reduction in resistance results in an increase in current.

When acidic water is added to the unreacted ester, the ester undergoes what to form butanoic acid

When acidic water is added to the unreacted ester, the ester: undergoes hydrolysis to form butanoic acid. Hydrolysis usually occurs when an ester is exposed to acidic water, where it converts into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

When considering the dissolution of solids, there are 2 possibilities: endothermic and exothermic. If the temperature increases and the dissolution is exothermic will more dissolve or not dissolve.

When considering the dissolution of solids, there are 2 possibilities: endothermic and exothermic. When dissolution is exothermic, more will not dissolve when the temperature increases.

when depolarization occurs what happens with the sarcoplasmic reticulum

When depolarization occurs the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium into the cytoplasm, allowing ti to trigger muscle contraction -

When gases dissolve in a liquid, is it an exothermic or endothermic process

When gases dissolve in a liquid, it is an exothermic process due to the latent heat released when the gas is brought from the gaseous to liquid or aqueous phase.

When the cell is attached to a voltage source, it is an electrolytic cell. No matter what kind of electrochemical cell it is, the electron flow is from the anode to cathode or cathode to anode? The electron flow is from the right to left or left to right?

When the cell is attached to a voltage source, it is an electrolytic cell. No matter what kind of electrochemical cell it is, the electron flow is from the anode (where electrons are lost through oxidation) to the cathode (where electrons are gained through reduction). The electron flow (according to the cell notation in Figure 1) is from the right (where copper is oxidized) to the left (where zinc cation is reduced).

When the ion product is greater than the solubility product constant, the solution is considered what?

When the ion product is greater than the solubility product constant, the solution is considered unsaturated

Which of the following statements supports the idea that DNA is made up of nucleic acids?

When the pKa < pH, the molecule is negative An acid generally carries a negative charge when its pKa is less than the pH. When the pKa = pH, an acid is 50% neutral and 50% negatively charged. When the pKa < pH, the molecule is now in a more acidic environment, and more of it carries a negative charge. pH is lower than the pKa, then the compound will be protonated. If the pH is higher than the pKa, then the compound will be deprotonated.

When you are rubbing the glass rod with the silk cloth, what is the net charge?

When you are rubbing the glass rod with the silk cloth, electrons are stripped away from the atoms in the glass and transferred to the silk cloth. This leaves the glass rod with more positive than negative charge, so you get a net positive charge.

While an increase heart rate, increased stroke volume and constriction of arterioles supplying blood to the digestive tract and kidneys will increase or decrease BP (this specifically increases total peripheral resistance)

While an increase heart rate, increased stroke volume and constriction of arterioles supplying blood to the digestive tract and kidneys will increase BP (this specifically increases total peripheral resistance)

who is the philosopher of pragmatism?

William james - philosopher of pragmatism - conduct research on telepathy, psychokinesis, and remote viewing

[Cu(NH3)4]2+, the subscript 4 indicates what?

[Cu(NH3)4]2+, the subscript 4 indicates the coordination number of Cu2+ only - Ammonia is neutral, the number 4 reflects only the number of ammonia molecules that bind to the central Cu2+ and does not indicate anything about its oxidation number

a correlational design does or does not involve the direct manipulation of independent variable.

a correlational design does not involve the direct manipulation of indepedent variable.

a free radical is a compound with paired or unpaired electrons

a free radical is a compound with an unpaired electron. To answer questions like this count valence electrons. If the compound has an odd number of electron, it is a free radical

a highly conserved protein does not vary much in its amino acid sequence across diff. species so what about it may be different

a highly conserved protein does not vary much in its amino acid sequence across diff. species so that would mean the exons cannot vary significantly either - if it did than the prtoen would no longer be highly conserved. So the intron sequences would be the beter choice cause they are not translated into amino acids. Even if they change dramatically over evolution they have no effect on the protein's amino acid sequence

is a long-chain ester is generally insoluble or soluble in water

a long-chain ester is generally insoluble in water

Munchausen syndrome is:

a mental disorder in which patients practice self-mutilation and deception in order to feign illness

a psychosomatic illness is what

a psychosomatic illness is a physical disorder that is caused or notably influenced by emotional factors

what is mental rotation and would human dynamic spatial imaging work more like an analog clock with a second hand or like a digitial clock without one

a response time taks in which subjects are asked mentally to rotate an object until it matches the same spatial orientation as that of a target object = mental rotation - this says that human dynamic spatial imaging works more like an analog clock with a second hand than like a digitial clock without one

a role is a

a role is a set of norms or expectations about a social position defining how those in that position ought to behave

Inevitable

a situation that is unavoidable

The looking-glass self is

a social psychological concept stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. If the man feels bias from society and/or police (as mentioned in paragraph 1) the looking-glass self theory states that he will internalize the bias/stigmatization directed towards him.

can u distinguish a steroisomer on the Hnmr

a steroisomer is hard to distinguish with an Hnmr

Because Ka ≫1, the species is known as what? A. a strong acid B. A strong base C. A strong acid D. A weak acid

a strong acid

what is type 1 and type 2 error

a type I error is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding) type II error is incorrectly retaining a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding). More simply stated, a type I error is to falsely infer the existence of something that is not there, while a type II error is to falsely infer the absence of something that is.

theory of mind -

ability to understand that others' want, feelings, and general mental states can differ from one's own

is acetic anhydride or acetic ester more reactive

acetic anhydride is more reactive than acetic ester becasye the acetate anion leaving group is more stable than an alkoxide leaving group

acetone has how many hydrogens and what is portrayed on HNMR spectrum

acetone has 6 equivalent hydrogens that exhbit only a singlet for its 1H NMR spectrum

does acetyltransferases allow or not allow transcription

acetyltransferases allow transcription

which gas will produce the noxious smell or rotten eggs

acidic solutions will react with sulfide to produce H2S ga, which produces the noxious smell or rotten eggs

what is another way of saying this? ( activated complex - the energy of the reactants )

activation energy for a reaction represent the minimum energy barrier necessary to be overcome by the reactants on the path to products

adding a reactant to an exothermic reaction at equilibrium within the piston chamber causes the volume to decrease or increase, and that pushes the bottom of the piston upward and away from the base of the piston chamber

adding a reactant to an exothermic reaction at equilibrium within the piston chamber causes the volume to increase, and that pushes the bottom of the piston upward and away from the base of the piston chamber

what would adding a reducing agent do for a protein structure on a gel electrophoresis?

adding a reducing agent would eliminate any disulfide bridges and allow monomers to run separately making the migration extend further down (big to small)

Which of the following conditions will allow cupric hydroxide to dissolve in a saturated solution of Cu(OH)​2? A. adding ammonia to the solution B. adding sodium hydroxide to the solution C. increasing the pH of the solution D. adding copper phosphate to the solution

adding ammonia to the solution

groupthink is the phenomenon in which

agreement is valued over accuracy

the stationary molecule is the silica gel while the benzene is the eluent four organic compounds: 2-butanone, n-pentane, propanoic acid, and n-butanol. The expected order of eluention of these 4 organic compounds from 1st to last:

all 4 componds have comparable molecular weights, so the order of elution will epend on the polarity of the molecule . increasing the polarity of the eluting molecule will increase its affinity for the stationary phase and increase elution time (decreased Rf). The expected order of eluention of these 4 organic coumpounds from 1st to last: n-pentane->2-butanone-> n-butanol-> propanoic acid

which organs have to deal with osmoregulation (pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, kidneys)

all of them

an acetal group has what groups an hemiaetal group has wht groups an ketal group has what groups hemiketal what groups

an acetal group has 2 OR groups, an R group and an H group an hemiaetal group has an OR group, OH group, an R group and an H group an ketal group has an 2 OR group, 2 R group hemiketal - OR group, OH group, 2 R group

what is an enol vs an enolate?

an enol is amolecule that contains an alcohol adjacent to a double bond while an enolate is the anion formed when the alcohol in an enol undergoes deprotonation . a carboxylate will have c=0 with o- no h cause it undergone deprotonation

for an exergonic reaction, energy is released to the surroundings. The bonds being formed are stronger or weaker than the bonds being broken. In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. The bonds being formed are stronger or weaker than the bonds being broken

an exergonic reaction, energy is released to the surroundings. The bonds being formed are stronger than the bonds being broken. In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. The bonds being formed are weaker than the bonds being broken

how does an ion exchange column work

an ion exchange column removes an ion from solution by precipitating it as a salt and replacing it with a more soluble ion. The salt that precipitates must be less soluble than the salt that is inteneded to dissoiciate from the ion-exchange colimn.

an object that stays or remains at rest, like a floating object, has an acceleration of what

an object that stays or remains at rest, like a floating object, has an acceleration of zero. After all it is acceleration that allows an object to go from rest to motion. When an object is stationary there is no drag force acting on it

what is anecdotal evidence based on

anecdotal evidence is based on individual reports rather than driven by data

if acid is added to the ferrous hydroxide solution, the hydroxide ion conc. increases or decreases, then what about the ferrous ion concentration will it then increase or decrease

as acid is added to the ferrous hydroxide solution, the hydroxide ion conc. Decreases, because the acid consumes the hydroxide in solution. As the hydroxide anion concentration is depleted, the ferrous ion concentration increases (a result of both the common ion effect and a complex equilibrium coupling the solubility reaction with the neutralization reaction). This means that the solubility of Fe(OH)2 must increase due to the decreasing (OH-)

as ph increases will the species get more or less cationic.

as ph increases the species will get less cationic.

what is priority of Nitrogen, c-o, c-se, H

assign priority based on molecular weight of the attached atoms. Nitrogen > C-Se > C-O > H.

at bp what level is liquid and vapor and what are their kinetic energies

at bp - liquid and vapor are at the same temp. since temp is measure of average kinetic energy, the gas and liquid have the same average kinetic energy

where does the at the critical point lie

at the critical point the, is defined as the highest temp and pressure at which a gas may still be distinuguised from a liquid. Above the critical point, a compound exists as a supercritical fluid so it can be in fact a gas or liquid at the critical point

what is the attachment theory

attachment theory - series of steps that infants will progress through as they grow. During first 3 months of life, an infant will indiscriminately attach to any person and will respond equally to any caregiver. Around 4 to 6 months start to recognize certain caregivers. 6 to 9 months baby will exhibit strong attachment preference for a single caregiver. After 9 months baby will develop increasing independence and will slowly form multiple attachments

Why do people use attribute substitution?

attribute substitution - happens when an individual must make a judgment that is complex, but instead uses a simpler solution

autobiographical memory is what?

autobiographical memory, is the storehouse of memories of one's own life, from birth to death, especially those for which a date and time are retained.

when did the baby boomers, generation X, lost generation and millennium generation appear?

baby boomers - am born right after wwII 1946-1964 Generation X - children born between 1965 and early 1980s millennium generation - known as generation Y and the new boomers. Americans born between early 1980s and the year 2000 Lost generation - born zpproximately one century before the millennials came of age during or just after WWI 1914-1918

what is the bohr effect?

bohr effect - decrease hemoglobin's oxygen affinity at lower ph levels.

what part of the body is the prinicipal site for Ca storage

bones are prinicipal site for Ca storage

buffer has a strong or weak base or acid

buffer has a weak acid. A buffered solution requires the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base in roughly equal portions.

where does a buffer lie in a titration curve

buffer will be where there is equals parts of the weak base and its conjugate acid or weak acid and its conjugate base. SO where ph=pka that would lie in the buffer region of the titration curve

what does Archimedes principle states about an object submerged in a fluid

buoyant force on a bubble can be determeined by applying Archimedes principle which states that n object submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced flud

carrol izard isolated 10 basic emotions present from infancy. which are

carrol izard isolated 10 basic emotions present from infancy. Disgust, antempt, anger, fear, guilt, interest-excitmenet, joy, sadness, shame, and surprise were on that list because thave a distinctive combination of facial expressions. Love is not one of them cause u cant see it on the face. Instead love would be joy+interest-excitement

cation exchange column only binds to positively or negatively charged proteins which only occur when the ph is less or more than the pI.

cation exchange column only binds to positively charged proteins which only occur when the ph is less than the pI. T

megakaryocytes are red blood cells arise from White blood cells arise from capillaries arise from

cells arise from megakaryocytes. These are large cells that give off the small cell fragments that become platelets red blood cells arise from proerythroblasts. White blood cells arise from myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, and monoblasts . capillaries arise from angioblasts

certain points along the axon of a myelinated nerve cell, the sheath is interrupted by unmyelinated areas known as

certain points along the axon of a myelinated nerve cell, the sheath is interrupted by unmyelinated areas known as nodes of Ranvier

what is another word for cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance means guilt

difference between consensus and distinctiveness cues

consensus cues relate to the exten to which a person's behavior differes from others. If person deviates from socially expected behavior, we are likely to form a dispositional attribution about the person's ehavior distinctiveness cues - refer to the extent to which a person engages in similar behavior across a series of scenarios, we are more likely to form a situational attirbutio n to explain it

conversion disorder

conversion disorder is more of having an excessive anxiety cause of loss of function

which represents a maximum displacement and which has an amplitude of zero - crests, valleys, antinodes, node

crests, valleys, and antinodes represent points of maximum displacement where as at a node the amplitude is zero - may want to check that out

what is deamination

deamination - NH2 group to form a purine like adenine.

if you decrease apoptotic responses would that make the cells more or less cancerous

decreases apoptotic response so that would make the cells more cancerous

explain what happened in the demographic transition stage 1, stage 2, 3, and 4

demographic transition stage 1 - comprised of preindustrial societies with high birth and death rates. Stage 2 improvements in healthcare, sanitation, nutrition, and wages causing death rates to drop. Stage 3 - improvements in contraception, women's rights, and a shft from an agricultural to an industrial exonomy causing brith rates to drop. Children must also be supported for a longer period due to longer time spent in school. Stage 3 characterized by indurtial societies with low brith and death rates. So I picked the wrong stage

is the dissolution of solids exo or endo thermic

dissolution of solids is an endothermic process. for example: Potassium chloride absorbs heat from its surroundings when it dissolves in water. Therefore, dissolution of potassium chloride is an endothermic process.

what is diuresis and what causes it

diuretic: A substance that increases urine volume and increases plasma osmolarity, often by inhibiting ADH(antidiuretic) secretion to prevent water reabsorption in the nephron. Increased levels of ADH tend to inhibit diuresis. If blood is being lost, then blood pressure in the arterial system decreases and eventually becomes life threatening. When you consume a lot of beer, wine, or coffee you make frequent trips to the restroom because ADH is being inhibited. Water cant be reabsorbed as readily and a state of diuresis

What is the absorptive state

during absorptive state, tissues are relying on the available glucose in the blood exclusively for energy, as the stores of other molecules such as fatty acids, glycogen, amino acids are being replenished

during exercise the arterioles bringing blood to the skeletal muscles dilate or constrict, allowing more blood flow to these working tissues (vasodilation or vasoconstriction) which will lower blood pressure.

during exercise the arterioles bringing blood to the skeletal muscles dilate, allowing more blood flow to these working tissues (vasodilation) which will lower blood pressure.

dyscheria

dyscheria - inability to tell which side of the body has been touch.

individuals who have the ability to delay gratification in pursuit of term rewards are most likely to be categorized as having which type of intelligence - Analytical, creative, interpersonal, or emotional

emotional.

internalization of viral particles through endocytosis is mediated by

endosomes

how does epinephrine act to increase the rate of substrate flux in liver cells through what process the gluconeogenic or glycolytic pathway and how is this achieved?

epinephrine acts to increase the rate of substrate flux in liver cells through the gluconeogenic pathway and away from the glycolytic pathway. This is achieved by stimulating cAMP regulated kinase, protein kinase A which will then act to phosphorylate and inactive the PFK2 domain which makes F2P that is activator for glycolsis

what lines the lumen of the intestine?

epithelial cells

out of adipocytes, cardiac muscle cells, gastrointestinal epithelial cells and neurons which cells are highly proliferative

epithelial cells are highly proliferative

what are fibroblasts?

fibroblasts are connective tissue that secrete collagen

which are proliferating cells erthocytotes, neurons, and myocytes, fibroblasts

fibroblasts are proliferating cells versus erthocytotes, neurons, and myocytes.

glycosidic carbon is the

first carbon of the sugar

for a curve to be shifted so that it reaches is max at a higher partial pressure of oxygen would mean that it shifted right or left

for a curve to be shifted so that it reaches is max at a higher partial pressure of oxygen would mean that it shifted right

the fluid flowed at a speed of .30mm/s and you are looking for volume so how do you find the volume flow rate

formula is q=Av where q is the volume flow rate and A is the cross sectional area and v is the speed of the fluid which is like saying height x speed= volume

What is fovea rich in

fovea is rich in cones resulting in color vision

what does fovea lack

fovea lacks a layer of neurons and axons that is present in the rest of the retina

Where does fovea lies along

fovea lies along optical axis

framing does what

framing comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies organize, perceive, and communicate about reality. Framing involves social construction of a social phenomenon - by mass media sources, political or social movements, political leaders, or other actors and organizations. It is an inevitable process of selective influence over the individual's perception of the meanings attributed to words or phrases.

Why is the 3'-OH group needed?

free 3'-OH group is needed and acts as a nucleophile on an incoming dNTP during this process.

can free fatty acids create glucose, acetyl coA?

free fatty acids could not create glucose because the can be used to create acetyl coA but that can not go backwards to make pyruvate which could not make glucose THIS IS TRUE however I forgot to realize that free fatty acids can be used to make glucogeneisis which can be used to make glucose so that fact could help answer D when looking back at the question I kind of thought the answer could be yes

galactose and glucose have the same what

galactose and glucose have the same steriochemtstry

how does gas chromatography work

gas chromatography - as vapor passes trough the column, the components bind to the column in varying degrees. The species that most adheres to the column requires the most time to travel through the column and elute so the compound with the wt binding force to the column is the first component to leave the column.

if an unsaturated ketone acts an electrophile what organic reaction is it acting as? if an unsaturated ketone acts an nucleophile what organic reaction is it acting as?

general roles of any unsaturated ketone as both an electrophile (Michael addition) and a nucleophile (intramolecular aldol condensation) in the 2 step synthesis

what is glomeruli?

glomeruli - regions in olfactory bulb that receive input from olfactory sensory neurons sensitive to particular odor

glucose release and glucose utilization are released where in adrenal gland (medulla or cortex)

glucose release = cortex and glucose utilization = medulla.

glutamic acid at a solution with a ph of 6.3 will have what protonated and deprotontated

glutamic acid at a solution with a ph of 6.3 will have both carboxy groups (one from side chain and the other oas the carboxyl group) deprotonated so you would have 2 negatives

does glucose increase osmotic pressure of extracellular space

gulcose increase osmotic pressure of extracellular space - saying that wherever the glucose goes water will also follow it

higher or lower melting temp. is indicative of amore stable protein, as more energy is needed to unfold the protein

higher melting temp. is indicative of a more stable protein, as more energy is needed to unfold the protein

In a crystallization procedure, ideal solvent is one in which the target compound is: highly or not highly soluble at the boiling point of the solvent, but mostly insoluble or soluble at room temperature.

highly soluble at the boiling point of the solvent, but mostly insoluble at room temperature. The ideal solvent for crystallizing a compound requires minimal solvent volume at high temperature, so that most of the compound can be removed in the end. This results from a high degree of solubility in the solvent at high temperatures (such as the boiling point of the solvent).

protein secondary structure is characterized/ represented by the pattern of what

hydrogen bonds between backbone amide portions and carbonyl oxygens

are hydrolysis and grignard reactions reversible or not reversible

hydrolysis reactions are reversible the grignard reaction is not reversible

hydrophobic amino acid has no side chain to consider when looking at pi point so the pka will be roughly

hydrophobic amino acid has no side chain to consider when looking at pi point so the pka will be roughly 6.0 cause it's the amino terminal 9.5 and the carboxyl terminal 2.5 so its 9.5+2.5/2

how does ideal gas differ from real gas

ideal gas law is that gases have no intermolecular forces, when real gas is subject to moderately high pressures, attractice molecular forces pull it smolecule together, and its volume is less than what would be predicted by the ideal gas law

identical atoms are likely to be the least or the most polar.

identical atoms are likely to be the least polar.

if a physcis problem involves light waves and dark regions -

if a physcis problem involves light waves and dark regions - it is either an interdeerence or diffraction problem.

if mgCO3 less or more soluble than PbCO3

if t mgCO3 is less soluble than PbCO3 because MGCO3 forms a precipitate tis means that the molar solubility of MgCO3 is less than the molar solubility of PbCO3. Because the molecular mass of MgCO3 is less than the molecular mass of PbCO3, the gram solubility o MgCO3 is proportionally even less than the gram solubuilty of PbCO3.

f the K ion channels are blocked, membrane would fail to do what with muscle contractions?

if the K ion channels are blocked, membrane would fail to repolarize extending length of action potential and simulating excessive muscle contractions

if the calcium is not reuptake back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and it stays in the cytoplasm what will happen with the Ca2+ and the muscle

if the calcium is not reuptake back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and it stays in the cytoplasm it will lead to continuous muscle contraction due to high level of Ca2+-> increase muscle contraction produce a large amount of metabolic heat which consumes large amounts of ATP which prompt an incrase in O2 consumption during metabolic respiration - vasodilation of the arterioles leading ot the skin would occur NOT VASOconstirction - this is because it would be a heat loss mechanism to get rid of some of the heat

if the displacement and the applied force are in the same direction than the angle is

if the displacement and the applied force are in the same direction than the angle is zero

if there are 3 dissociable hydrogens pka 8, pka 10, pka 12.5 what is the pi

if there are 3 dissociable hydrogens pka 8, pka 10, pka 12.5 to find pi do 10 + 12.5/2 = 11.25

if there is an error in splicing it where is the error originiating from

if there is an error in splicing it si the result of a mutation in a gene for a splicing protein so there would be an error in the DNA itself

implicit bias refers to

implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner. These biases, which encompass both favorable and unfavorable assessments, are activated involuntarily and without an individual's awareness or intentional control.

Connectionist theory -

importance of objects, environements, and cross-situational learning does not address social input

Increasing the volume of air that reaches the alveoli and takes part in gas exchange will cause blood pH to: A. increase, because the neural mechanisms that remove acid from the blood will be activated. B. increase, because the partial pressure of CO2 in the blood will decrease. C. decrease, because the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen will be increased. D. decrease, because the work associated with increased ventilation will come more O2.

increase, because the partial pressure of CO2 in the blood will decrease.- increasing the volume of air that reaches the alveoli and takes part in gas exchange will enhance O2 uptake and CO2 removal, thereby increasing blood pH. Neural mechanisms control the rate of breathing.

Once activated, the complement system generates a sequential enzymatic cascade that has the ability to do all of the following, EXCEPT: 1. activate phagocytes like the macrophages and neutrophils through chemotaxis 2. coat target cells with complement protein through opsonization. 3. lyse a target cell by the insertion into the lipid bilayer of a pore-forming membrane attack complex 4. induce mature T lymphocytes to synthesize and release immunoglobulins

induce mature T lymphocytes to synthesize and release immunoglobulins. (Not true) There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD. The cell line that gives rise to these antibodies is the B lymphocytes, not the T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes produce cytokines, molecules involved in cell-to-cell signaling during an immune response.

Based on the passage, it is reasonable to think that insulin resistance is caused by: I. an overproduction of insulin. II. a decrease in insulin-receptor density. III. a decreased effect produced by insulin on body tissues. A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. II and III only

insulin resistance is described in the context of a patient with Type II diabetes. The fewer receptors there are per unit area of cell membrane, the less sensitive the cell is to insulin concentrations in the blood. insulin insensitivity is defined as a decreased insulin effect on tissues. One interesting explanation for insulin resistance involves adipose (fat) cells

what is autoregulation in terms of a high blood pressure

is that a rise in blood pressure does not alter the blood flow to the tissues, because arteriolar constriction prevents too much blood from perfusing the tissues.

Differential reproduction

is the idea that certain individuals are more likely to reproduce than others, and will therefore have their genetic traits expressed at a higher rate in future generations. Differential reproduction also doesn't describe this self-sacrificing concept very well.

Group selection

is the idea that traits that benefit the population as a whole will still be selected for even if they don't directly help the individual expressing that trait to survive and reproduce. The trait of alarming other monkeys persists in Vervet monkeys because of this concept of group selection.

Adaptive radiation

is when one lineage diverges into many others as isolated populations occupy different niches. This fits with the example of humans and skin color.

What is the net charge on a phenylalanine molecule at pH 1?

it contains a neutral toluene side chain. In total, the charge will be (0 from the carboxy group) + (+1 from the amino group) + (0 from the side chain) = +1. The image below depicts phenylalanine at this pH.

a scenario in which living in a city adds to a person's stauts. This is purely based on experience and is an example of what capital (cultural, economic, social)

it is an example of cultural capital. - cultural capital out of all of them is the best choice

How do you know if it is linear or not?

it is linear IF THERE NO ExPONENTS IN THE IDEAL GAS LAW

As a pendulum undergoes damped harmonic oscillation, it loses energy to: a. momentum b. wind resistance c. tension d. torque

it loses energy to: wind resistance. energy is lost when kinetic energy is transferred through collisions from the moving balls to the gas particles that they strike in their pathway. energy is neither lost to nor gained from momentum. There is no energy lost to torque, because there is no applied angular force. Tension is present in the cord, but the loss of energy to tension is questionable. It may be lost to friction in the cord and joint where the cord is attached to the ceiling, but the tension of the cord should not dissipate energy from the system.

If it says something occurs in 1 in 10,000 live births. The frequency of PKU 1 in 10,000 live births corresponds to what in the hardy-weinberg equation

it says that it occurs in 1 in 10,000 live births. The frequency of PKU 1 in 10,000 live births corresponds to q2 so 1 is the square root of 1/10,000 which is 1/100 or 1%

it stated that there was a mutation in the amino acid. A switch fomr one amino acid residue to another. For this substitution to occur in every protein and be heritable, a mutation must occur at what level

it stated that there was a mutation in the amino acid. A switch fomr one amino acid residue to another. For this substitution to occur in every protein and be heritable, a mutation must occur at the DNA level.

Colliding cells often meet on the surface of vascular membranes, which can be assumed to be frictionless. If Cell 1 collides into stationary Cell 2 on an arterial wall, which of the following describes what happens to Cell 2 after the collision? I. Cell 2 continuously accelerates. II. Cell 2 moves with decreasing velocity. III. Cell 2 moves with constant speed. IV. Cell 2 moves with constant velocity.

it will have a constant speed (III) and a constant velocity (IV). Once cell 2 is in motion, it will stay in motion with constant velocity, without changing direction.

do brakes induce any force if so which force

its not the brakes not induce any force on their own - they just make the wheels stop it's the horizontal component of the force of gravity

j-L theory of emotion - S-S theory of emotion - C-B theory or emotion -

j-L theory of emotion - emotion follows from and is directly caused by the physiological arousal experienced S-S theory of emotion - emotion is result of the brain assessing the context of the physiological arousal experience in the body C-B theory or emotion - physiological arousal and emotional sensation of disgust arise separately and independently in separated areas of the brain

is uric acid urea?

just to know uric acid is not the same as urea (which is used to denature proteins)

what are kinociliums

kinocilium are long sterocilia and tips of sterocilia are linked together via tip links

if lenses have a negative focal length are the converging or diverging lenses and what kind of images do they form?

lenses have a negative focal length (we were given this in the table) which means they are diverging lenses. Such lenses form virtual and reduced images of objects situated at distances larger than the focal length

What is the magno pathway

magno pathway detects rapidly changing components of an object (such as motion- temporal resolution

what is mass defect? FOr this question fluorine 18 has 9 protons and 9 neutrons so they gave us the mass of proton and neutron so how would u determine the mass defect?

mass defect is the difference in mass between a nucleus and the prtons that form it. In this question fluorine 18 has 9 protons and 9 neutrons so they gave us the mass of proton and neutron so plug it in nuclear mass - (mass of protons + mass of neutrons) = mass defect -> 18.000938-(9(1.007273)+9(1.008684). what I picked was a difference between F and an OH group

mcdonalization of society was coined by sociologist who? What does it refer to?

mcdonalization of society (coined by sociologist George Ritzer) does not refer only to the robotic assembly of food, but to the standardization of everyday life: mall shopping, packaged ours for tourists, fewer newspapers and a standard news format among the survivors and other artifacts of modern life that seek to assume us of efficiency, dependable uniformity and lower costs. Also kills spontaneity, originality, and surprises. But its good for business and for people in a hurry.

Which particle exhibits the greatest magnitude of momentum between a neutron or an alpha?

momentum = massxvelocity The neutron has a mass•velocity product of 1 x 200, while the alpha particle has a mass•velocity product of 4 x 100. The greater value is found with the alpha particle,

Free radicals from ionizing radiation are highly unstable and have carcinogenic effects. These effects are most likely result from damage to: a. proteins b. phospholipids, c. golgi apparatus d. nucleic acids

nucleic acids

Convergent evolution

occurs when two populations that don't share a recent common ancestor start to resemble each other as they adapt to the same or similar environments (e.g. a dolphin and a fish). This is the opposite of what we're looking for.

Parallel evolution

occurs when two related populations evolve similarly for a long period of time as they experience similar environmental conditions. This is also not what we're looking for.

what is the order fertilization (blastula formation, ovum completing meiosis 2, neurulation)

order fertilization -> ovum completing meiosis 2 -> neurulation -> blastula formation

what color is oxohemoglobin and what light does it emit and absorb

oxohemoglobin is bright red. So it EMITS red light and absorbs all other spectrums

what does q2, p2, q and p represent in hardy weinberg equation

p is the frequency of the "A" allele and q is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population. In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa.

narcisst -

person who is utterly self centered and self absorbed, a vain person

Social pragmatic theory

pertains to social input from any social partner so interactions with siblings being important for language development would fall under this theory

What is the route for the ear

pinna->auditory canal -> tympanic membrane->malleus->incus->stapes-> oval window

what do we place a voltmeter or in parallel or series with a circuit

place a voltmeter in parallel with a circuit and why we need to place an ammeter in series with the circuit.

polyadenine molecule is constructed from ribonucleotide subuntis due to its 2,5 phosphodiester linakegs making it DNA-RNA hybrid or double stranded DNA molecule

polyadenine molecule is constructed from ribonucleotide subuntis due to its 2,5 phosphodiester linakegs making it a DNA-RNA hybrid instead of a double stranded DNA molecule

positive and negative schizophrenic symptom -

positive schizophrenic symptons - halluciantions, catanoic behavior, delusions . negative schizophrenic symptom - avolition(decrease in the motivation to initiate and perform self-directed purposeful activities.)

what is Convergent evolution and what is an example of it?

process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar needs so the dolphin and the shark would be an example

do prokaroytes have spliceomsome

prokaroytes due lack the spliceomsome

difference between psychological or physiological adaptation

psychological adaptation is the lack of attention to a stimulus. Unlike physiological in which receptors stop firing in reposnse to a prolonged stimulus, psychological adaptation can be reversed simply by being reminded that the stimulus exists.

putting on sunscreen will do what with UV

putting on sunscreen will absorb not reflect some of the UV energy themselves by sparing its absorption by the skin cells

The terminal electron acceptor in the metabolic pathway responsible for the chemical changes observed when Culture A was electrically stimulated is: The muscle cells in Culture A use lactic acid fermentation to provide the energy for the contractions that result from electrical stimulation.

pyruvate - In this process, NADH reduces pyruvate to produce lactate. Therefore, pyruvate serves as the electron acceptor in production of lactate.

in terms of the length of the mrNA what do mrna include that make it long

questions focus on the length of the mrNA - HAVE TO REMEMBER mRNA INCLUDES UNTRANSLATED REGIONS WHICH ARE 500 TO 1000 NUCLEOTIDES LONG

what is random order and what is systematic error? is using one column to run all of the samples random or systematic error

random error is error that doesn't specifically push the results in one particular direction (as opposed to systematic error, which affects an entire experiment in the same way). using one column to run all of the samples = systematic error

when you place any cells into the distilled water, what will happen to it?

rbc when you place any cells into the distilled water it will sweel cause distilled water has a lower osmotic pressure than the contents of a cell. The rbc whose cont are much more filled with solutes placaed in distilled water will have a greater osmotic pressure

Gene flow

refers to alterations in the composition of a gene pool due to migration of individuals between different populations.

ribonucleotides is different from deoxyribonucleotides by

ribonucleotides posses a 2 Oh group which deoxyribonucleotides lack so the 2 oh group is likely subsrate for oligoadenylate synthetase

what is sarcoplasmic reticulumis

sarcoplasmic reticulumis an organelle that sequesters or stores calcium in acnticipation of a depolarization event.

reciting one's home address is an example of which memory

semantic memory

fovea contains only cones, which are senstitive to what light?

senstitive to red, green, and blue light.

What is shaping

shaping - process of conditioning a complicated behavior by rewarding successive approximations of the behavior

so if the disease is an x linked dominat trait and the female is hetrozygote x'x does she have the disease or not

she will still have the disease)

if there are two identical aromatic rings how would they appear in an NMR.

since the aromatic rings are identical they would exhibit the same results in NMR.

so out of bone, eye, ovary, and heart which one has the greatest number of mitochondria since it is continually contracting

skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated have numerous mitochondira so out of bone, eye, ovary, and heart - heart contains the greatest number of mitochondria since it is continually contracting

so in order to find applied force

so in order to find applied force 1. must find kinetic energy of ball 2. then calculate the force using distance over which pitcher applied the force. 3. KE=1/2mv2 then the kinetic energy it gained because it stated at zero and now has a new kinetic energy is equal to the work performed by the pitcher. Therefore the force can be calculated from W=Fd because kinetic energy is equal to the work.

which are components of SES (occupation, social capital income, and education) and which is not?

social capital is NOT directly related to measuring socioeconomic status (SES). Social capital is the benefits provided by social networks. The other options refer to the 3 main components of SES (occupation, income, and education)

the local residents attributed value to particular locations based upon social and cultural concerns - what is this an example of

social constructionism

social capital -

social networks have value - expected collective or economic benefit derived from preferential treatment and cooperation between individuals and groups

social power is

social power I sability to control the resources of oneself and others; in essence to do what one wants and make others to do the same.

what is solubility is a competition between

solubility is a competition between the intermolecular forces that hold a solid together and the forces that the solvent can exert on the solvent molecules. The stronger the latter are relative to the former, the more soluble the substance will be.

what are somatoform disorder

somatoform disorder which are concerned with symptoms that cannot be explained by a general medical condition

sound waves are longitudinal or transverse waves because the air molecules vibrate back and forth along the same direction in which the wave is propagating, creating regions of high and low pressure.

sound waves are longitudinal waves because the air molecules vibrate back and forth along the same direction in which the wave is propagating, creating regions of high and low pressure.

if there is double bond that has each carbon in the double bond to have the same 2 groups attached, is there any stereochemistry

sterochemisty across a double bond is determined by considering each carbon separately. Since each carbon in the double bond has the same 2 groups attached, there is no sterochemistry

sublimation is used for what to separate

sublimation can be employed to separate one solid from another

What is subliminal perception

subliminal perception - perception of a stimulus below a threshold (threshold of conscious perception)

sulfur-sulfer bonds are

sulf-sulf bonds are cross linking

are surfactant molecules are amphipathic, hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions.

surfactant molecules are amphipathic, meaning that they contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

difference between symbolic interactionism and social constructionsm

symbolic interactionism, - which posits that interactions with others and their opinions influence how a person perceives himself social constructionsm - theory that knowledge and many aspects of the world aound us are not real in and of themselves. Theoy only exist because we give them reality through social agreement

When comparing the -ous acids and -ic acids, which will have fewer oxygen atoms?

the -ous acids will have 1 fewer oxygen atoms than their -ic counterparts.

addition of a catalyst to a rxn only affects what

the addition of a catalyst to a rxn only affects kinetics NOT thermodynamics. The catalyst binds to reactant and stabilizes the transition state complex

which of the following energy conversions best describes what takes place in a battery-powered resistive circuit when the curret is flowing -

the answer is chemical-electric to thermal. This is because chemical energy of the battery elements is used as electrical energy to set the charge carriers in motion through the resistor, where they experience drag from the crystal lattice of the resistive conductor and dissipate their energy as heat from the resistor.

Now the flow of heat as a direct transfer from a hot body to a cold body in contact with the hot body is conduction, convection, or radiation

the flow of heat as a direct transfer from a hot body to a cold body in contact with the hot body is conduction.

if the pH is slightly higher at such high phs will hemoglobin bind oxygen more or less tightly

the pH is slightly higher at such high phs hemoglobin binds oxygen more tightly so it becomes saturated with O2 while in the lungs.

intragenerational mobility moves in what way

the person can either move horizontally to an equal position within the same social status (i.e. horizontal mobility) or between the social classes (vertical mobility.)

what is the point of collapsing

the point of collapsing is to prevent any more damage to heat exhaustion which is caused by overacticity of heat loss mechanisms, resulting an excessive burden on the circulatory system.

at very high substrate concentrations (where the enzyme is nearly or entirely saturated), What order is this reaction (first, second, third)?

the reaction approximates zero-order kinetics, since reaction rate ceases to depend on substrate concentration.

the semicircular canals - utricle and saccule - super colliculus - inferior colliculus-

the semicircular canals - sense rotational movement utricle and saccule - sense horizaontal and vertical accelerations and head tilts super colliculus - controls saccadic eye movements inferior colliculus - involved with processing of auditory input

the shorter or longer the sarcomere length, the stronger the contraction

the shorter the sarcomere length, the stronger the contraction

recovered memories was

the validity of memories about past sexual abuse that are discovered during psychotherapy

the value of Keq is greater than one, so the forward rate constant (kforward) must be greater or lower than the reverse rate constant (kreverse).

the value of Keq is greater than one, so the forward rate constant (kforward) must be greater than the reverse rate constant (kreverse).

the value of Keq is less than one, so ∆G˚ must be greater or less than zero, and thus ∆H˚ must be greater or less than T∆S˚.

the value of Keq is less than one, so ∆G˚ must be greater than zero, and thus ∆H˚ must be greater than T∆S˚.

the value of the forward rate constant (kforward) is less than the reverse rate constant (kreverse), so ∆G˚ must be greater or less than zero.

the value of the forward rate constant (kforward) is less than the reverse rate constant (kreverse), so ∆G˚ must be greater than zero.

the value of ∆G˚ is less than zero, so the equilibrium constant (Keq) must be greater or less than one.

the value of ∆G˚ is less than zero, so the equilibrium constant (Keq) must be greater than one.

if there is global ischemia where will there be a greater neuronal death hippocampus or the cortex?

there was a shortage of oxygen (global ischemia) this causes neuronal death by hyperexciation to a greater extent in the hippocampus than in the cortex-

this is the unit for the rate constant K for a second order reaction

this is the unit for the rate constant K for a second order reaction L/(mol•s)

why would person sitting on a chair will lean forward or slide their feet under chair in order to stand up

to keep body in equilibrium while rising. The only support comes from feet on the ground. The person is in equilibrium only when the center of mass is directly above their feet. Otherwise if the person did not lean forward os lide the feet under the chair the person would fall backward due to the large torwue created by the combination of the weight of the body (applied at the person's center of mass) and the distance along the horizontal between the center of mass and the support point.

what reaction is transesterfication reaction is like

transesterfication reaction is like a substituition rxn except its specfiicaly an ester that is being added

transfer of heat energy from a swimmer to the water molecules in contact with his skin is best described as conduction, convection, or radiation

transfer of heat energy from a swimmer to the water molecules in contact with his skin is best described as the answer is conduction

which wave causes displacement of the amplitude to move perpendicular to the axis of propagation while longitudinal wave and which one causes the displacement of the particles to move in the same direction as the axis of propagation

transverse wave causes displacement of the amplitude to move perpendicular to the axis of propagation longitudinal wave - causes the displacement of the particles to move in the same direction as the axis of propagation

the wave that has displacement of its medium in a direction perpendicular to its propagation is transverse wave or longitudinal

transverse wave is one that has displacement of its medium in a direction perpendicular to its propagation

how are uracil and thymine different?

uracil and thymine are very similar, with only a methyl group making up the difference between them.

why do we use gel electrophoresis to separate what and how does it work

use gel electrophoresis to separate macromolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins. DNA fragments are separated according to their size. Proteins can be separated according to their size and their charge (different proteins have different charges). Most of time used for size. (-) is on the top (cathode) and (+) is on the bottom (anode) so d galatcose is a macromolecule but it is not charged so it will not go either way

what do vaccines mimic in the body?

vaccines mimic antigens - distinct parts of the disease allow immune system to ready a response in case of later infection

vertical mobility is a form of intragenerational or intergenerational mobility.

vertical mobility is a form of intragenerational mobility.

psychological or physiological adaptation water in a cold pool begins to feel more temperate after several minutes. = a person entering and sitting in a dark room begins to be able to see details of the objects around him = a cat owener no longer notices the smell of cat's litter box in his apartment =

water in a cold pool begins to feel more temperate after several minutes. = physiological a person entering and sitting in a dark room begins to be able to see details of the objects around him = physiological a cat owner no longer notices the smell of cat's litter box in his apartment = physiological student writing a paper doesn't notice the ticking of the clock on her wall = psychological because cause it can be reversed simply by being reminded that the stimulus exists.

when it's feedback inhibition the activity of the enzyme binding to regulatory site other than the active site of the enzyme

when it's feedback inhibition the acitivity of the enzyme binding to regulatory site other than the active site of the enzyme = allosteric regulation

how do you figure out where the amino and carboxy terminals will be on the plasma membrane of a seven pass transmembrane protein

when trying to figure out where the amino and carboxy terminals will be on the plasma membrane of a seven pass transmembrane protein - start with the NH3 being inside - draw 7 tasnmembrane protein and makes loops until it ends which would show coo- on the outside

where in the human male reproductive system do the gametes become motile and capable of fertilization?

where in the human male reproductive system do the gametes become motile and capable of fertilization - epididymis - this is because sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes completes maturation and becomes motile in the epididymis

any carbon atoms that stay in the citric acid cycle will ultimately be released from the body as what? what do urea and uric acid excrete ?

while intermediates can be used to make other molecules cells need, any carbon atoms that stay in the citric acid cycle will ultimately be released from the body as CO. urea and uric acid is to excrete excess nitrogen

while the American flag itself is an example of what kind of culture while the pledge of allegiance is an example of what kind of culture

while the American flg itself is an example of material culture and the pledge of allegiance is an example of nonmaterial culture

(the gain of a nuclear electron) = (the loss of a nuclear positron) =

β--capture (the gain of a nuclear electron) or β+-decay (the loss of a nuclear positron).

where are the substitutes in an ortho-substitution, meta-substitution, and para-substitution

• In ortho-substitution, two substituents occupy positions next to each other, which may be numbered 1 and 2. In the diagram, these positions are marked R and ortho. • In meta-substitution the substituents occupy positions 1 and 3 (corresponding to R and meta in the diagram). • In para-substitution, the substituents occupy the opposite ends (positions 1 and 4, corresponding to R and para in the diagram). The toluidines serve as an example for these three types of substitution.

glutamate, substance p, epinephrine and Gaba are linked to what kind of pain

• glutamate-associated with mild pain • substance p - associated with strong pain • epinephrine - move linked to danger than chronic pain • Gaba may potentiate morphine