Praxis 2 - Art Content Knowledge - Art Styles, Periods, and Specific Art, Printmaking, Photography, Color Theory, Ceramics - Study Guide Summer 2017

Camille Pissarro

(1830-1903) was one of the leading figures of Impressionism. Cezanne, van Gogh, and Gauguin are all considered Post-Impressionists, not Impressionists. The Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations. They were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural colors.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

(1848-1933) is best known for his work in stained glass. He is the American artist most closely associated with the Art Nouveau movement. His designs make extensive use of floral patterns and curvilinear shapes.

Steles

----- are upright stone pillars or slabs. Like the rune stones and picture stones of the Vikings, they were intended to mark important events and stand as testaments of power

Naïve

----- art is a term that is usually applied to the work of untrained painters. It is characterized by simplicity and a lack of the elements or qualities found in the art of formally trained artists. Grandma Moses and Henri Rousseau are examples of naïve artists.

Objet d'art

----- is a term borrowed from French for miscellaneous, small objects such as ceramic figurines, snuff boxes, or porcelain vases whose function is subordinate to their decorative value. It is the term reserved to describe works of art that are not paintings, prints, drawings or large or medium-sized sculptures, or architecture.

Inert

----- materials are those that are not readily reactive with chemicals or elements, making them difficult to modify or decompose which is important to art conservationists who may use those materials to preserve significant works.

Flake white

-----, also known as lead white or silver white, is a comparatively quick-drying, durable, and flexible paint. It is widely used in underpainting. It accelerates the drying of colors mixed with it.

Dadaism

------ began as an anti-war movement in reaction to the horrors of World War I. It developed into a kind of anarchist movement that rejected the established social and cultural systems. Dadaist art ridicules accepted notions of art and beauty.

Intensity

------ describes the purity or strength of a color. Bright, intense colors are often associated with energy and heightened emotions. Dull colors create a serious or peaceful mood.

Incrustation

------ is a style of wall painting that was frequently used in ancient Rome, in which the wall was divided into bright panels of solid colors. At times, the panels were slightly texturized, or marbled.

Suprematism

------ is an abstract style of art which reflects the belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object. The basic form of Malevich's new nonobjective art was the square.

Bosch

------ was a Northern artist of the 15th - 16th centuries who has been called the "creator of devils" because of the outlandish creatures he painted, such as those found in The Garden of Earthly Delights. His works are religious but deal with the evils that plague mankind since the expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

Diagonal

------ weave is a method of weaving in which the elements interweave with themselves. It is also called diagonal plaiting and oblique weaving.

Canvas-straining pliers

------- are especially useful for stretching ready-primed canvases. They grip the fabric firmly without any risk of tearing, and the lower jaw is beveled to give good leverage when pulling fabric over a stretcher bar.

Futurism

------- began in 1909 when the works of Filippo Marinetti appeared. Futurist works express movement as well as dynamics of natural and man-made forms while celebrating war and the machine.

Albumen print

------- is a type of paper that is coated with a layer of egg white in order to increase its sensitivity, and add to the brightness of a photograph.

Couching

------- is the process of transferring wet paper sheets onto a felt piece of fabric to act as a separation. The felt pieces of fabric are couch (pronounced kooch) sheets.

Mehdi

------- is the traditional art of hand and foot painting in India. It is usually used for special celebrations, such as weddings and festivals.

I.M. Pei

-------- designed a glass pyramid to replace the main entrance of the Louvre, which was no longer able to accommodate the large number of visitors to the museum.------'s pyramid has been criticized because it imposes a futuristic design on a classical structure.

Accidental color

-------- involves the image of a bright object staying imprinted before the eyes when a person looks away, but changing to its complementary color. For example red will change to green. In this context, it is called an accidental color and forms part of the law of successive contrasts.

Oeuvre

-------- is the French term for "work", and refers to the collection of works of one particular artist. The term may also refer to one specific piece, such as da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The correct answer therefore, is (B).

Stipling

-------- is the use of tiny dots to create shading. The larger and denser the dots, the darker the shading.

Action

-------- painters challenged the notion that a picture must be the result of a planned design. They threw, dripped, and splashed paint on walls, floors, and canvases. To them, the way paint was applied was the most important aspect of a painting.

Mannerist

-------- paintings feature artificial colors, unrealistic proportions, off-beat perspective, and complex composition.

Dadaism

-------- was nihilistic in the sense that it rejected all accepted values and standards of art and culture. It attacked modern culture as corrupt and meaningless.

Romanesque

--------- architecture, prevalent in Medieval Europe, is characterized by massive structures, thick walls, and round arches. Romanesque structures have clearly defined, symmetric forms. Compared to the Gothic structures that succeeded them, ------- buildings appear simple, heavy, and solid.

The Elgin Marbles

--------- are a collection of classical Greek marble sculptures that were originally part of the Parthenon in Athens. They were removed by Thomas Bruce, the Earl of Elgin, in the early nineteenth century and transported to Great Britain. They have been displayed in the British Museum since then.

Decoupage

--------- involves pasting cutouts of colored paper on a surface to create an image. The image may then be decorated with gold leaf or other special effects. When the image is complete, it is sealed with varnish or polyurethane.

ukiyo-e

--------- means "floating world." ------ is a form of popular Japanese art produced from the 16th century onwards. The importance of ---------- prints to Western art lies in their huge influence on European painting from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century.

Grog

---------- is used as an ingredient in a clay body, or as a base on which clay is worked or fired. It is made of clay which has been fired and ground into fine granules. The correct answer therefore, is (B).

Sculptors' clay

----------- (wet clay) comes in dry powder form and is moistened before use. It is a native earth consisting largely of kaolin combined with silica.

Casein

-----------, a milk glue, is used in some paints as a binder. It can be used on paper or board, but is too inflexible for use on canvas. The correct answer therefore, is (B).

Realism

1850 - early 1900's - precise imitation of visual perception without alterations

Impressionism

1860's began - Manet, Monet, Renoir, Degas - represented immediate visual sensations through color and light - goal was to present the initial sensation in a brief glimpse- color changes based on light - created a short choppy brushstroke

Art Nouveau

1890 - WW1 - international style opposed to the sterility of the Industrial Age - relied on twining flowering forms opposite of the unaesthetic look of machine made goods - sinuous lines and tendril like curves - glasswork by Tiffany pictured

Vase painting from classic period? (Earlier than Archaic period) with black figured style (black figure, red background) - Greece

2 handed vessel that exemplified the black figured style - black figure, red background

Vase painting from archaic period in Greece - Amphora

2 handed vessel that exemplified the red figured style - red figure, black background

pantograph

A ------ is a device for copying, enlarging, or reducing drawings. It has four hinged sections with a tracing point at one end and a pencil at the other.

gather

A ------ is a glob of molten glass that is collected and blown at the end of a punty or pontil, which is the rod that is used to gather the glass. The correct answer therefore, is (C).

caliper

A ------ is an instrument used to measure the thickness or diameter of an object. It consists of a pair of movable metal or wooden arms with curved, pointed ends, hinged together. It is sometimes used by a sculptor to take an exact measurement from a model.

colonnade

A ------- is a row of columns, usually joined by an entablature (a horizontal piece above the capitals of the columns). When a colonnade is at the front of a building, it is called a portico. When it encloses a courtyard, it is called a peristyle.

painting knife

A ------- is used to apply paint to a canvas. Painting knives are used for producing textured, impasto work, sweeping areas of flat color, and tiny shapes of color. It can also be used to mix paint and to remove paint from a canvas.

dotaku

A ------- was a ceremonial bronze bell which was kept buried in hillside sanctuaries away from everyday village life; and that was brought out for use during agricultural rituals only.

bead cap

A ---------- is used to set-off or enhance individual beads in jewelry making. They are used to cover beads or hold them in place on either side giving them a decorative look.

Chinoiserie

A European style in the arts and crafts which freely adapted motifs and techniques from Chinese art is which of the following? calligraphy Delftware Chinoiserie none of the above

Chilkat blanket

A characteristic Northwest Coast art form woven of shredded cedar bark and mountain goat wool on an upright loom is which of the following? warrior robe tipi robe Chilkat blanket Hudson's Bay blanket

Engraving

A less forgiving version of etching (mastered by Dürer), in this process artists incise their image directly onto a metal plate, which is then inked and printed.

Batiste

A lightweight, fine, sheer fabric in a plain weave that is often used for blouses, baby clothes and handkerchiefs is which of the following? buckram Donegal tweed ninon batiste is a lightweight, fine, sheer fabric in a plain weave, made of cotton, linen, silk, or blended fivers. It has an excellent drape, gathers beautifully, and is often mercerized to add shine.

lifting out

A method of creating highlights by gently removing color from the paper while it is still wet, using a soft brush, a sponge, or some tissue, is known as -----------. The lifting-out technique is often used to create soft, diffused highlights, such as the white tops of cumulus clouds.

Linocut

A more modern analog to woodcut, these are made using linoleum; the softness of the material allows for cleaner, freer, and more fluid lines.

Apply paint to a canvas

A painting knife is used to Mix paints Apply paint to a canvas Open paint containers Remove paint from a canvas

Lake

A pigment made by precipitating or fixing a dye upon an inert pigment is known as which of the following? let-down color mass tone calcined lake

100° F

A product bearing a "highly flammable" label means that this product has a flash point of below: 212° F 100° F 98.6° F 70° F

A lunette

A semicircular painting, relief sculpture, or window is called A lunette A frieze A stele A metope Hide Explanation

Chapel

A small church, or an area in a church containing an altar dedicated to a particular saint is known as which of the following? Chapel. Baptistery. Apse. Crossing.

Charka

A spinning wheel designed for spinning short staple fibers that require a lot of twist such as cotton is known as which of the following? bottom whorl spindle charka Bradford spinning system castle wheel

Marcus Aurelius - Emperor - Rome - Sculpture

A stoic philosopher who detested war and was depicted in this sculpture as a gentle, reflective ruler as a superhuman ideal

Ground

A surface to which paint is applied, or the material used to create that surface is which of the following? canvas tempera ground palette

Mezzotint

A technique developed in Germany that involves engraving directly on a metal plate but which involves a planar relief-printing process rather than linear intaglio printing processes is which of the following? drypoint engraving mezzotint none of the above

Mannerism

According to a defined style, rather than depicting nature - replace harmony with dissonance, reason with emotion, and reality with imagination

Eskimo tribe - Precolumbian Art -

Alaskan tribe that carved masks with moving parts used by shamans - what civilization?

black, white, and pure gray

All colors are chromatic except the colors ------------------- . Ordinarily, when people speak about colors, they are speaking about chromatic colors.

use of opaque marble cubes

All of the choices relate to Byzantine use of mosaics except this one which relates more to the Romans. Roman mosaics had smooth, flat finishes, they used minute pieces for realistic detail, and the subjects were often secular.

Frank Lloyd Wright

All of the following are associated with the International Style of architecture EXCEPT Le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret) Walter Gropius Mies Van Der Rohe Frank Lloyd Wright Architects of The International School believed that buildings should be purely functional. Their designs feature regular geometric shapes and little ornamentation. On the other hand, architects like ----------- (1869-1959) were more concerned with designing buildings that blended with the landscape.

Historical subjects

All of the following are characteristics of Impressionist painting EXCEPT Accurate depiction of light Common, ordinary subject matter Unusual visual angles Historical subjects

Mark Rothko

All of the following are considered Realist painters EXCEPT Andrew Wyeth Winslow Homer Thomas Eakins Mark Rothko _______________ create the school of Color Field painting, in which shapes of different colors are layered on a canvas.

Jackson Pollock

All of the following are considered members of the Pop Art movement EXCEPT Andy Warhol Roy Lichenstein Jasper Johns Jackson Pollock

The Bodleian

All of the following are renowned art museums EXCEPT The Prado The Hermitage The Guggenheim The Bodleian

apse

An ------ is an extension at the east end of a church, abbey, or cathedral. It is usually a semicircle

objet trouvé

An --------, also known as a "found object," is an object which comes to an artist's attention by chance, and to which the artist ascribes aesthetic merit or other significance. Found objects can be natural forms, such as driftwood, or man-made items.

amphora

An --------- is a storage jar used in ancient Greece. Most of the surviving art of ancient Greece is in the form of illustrations on jars and vases.

Crewelwork

An embroidery technique that is based on the use of wool embroidery threads is known as which of the following? crochet crewelwork needlepoint ruching

Namdaemun

An impressive early monument, built for the new capital of Seoul, Korea, is the city's south gate, or -----. It combines the imposing strength of its impressive stone foundations with the sophistication of the intricately bracketed wooden superstructure.

Greek pottery

Ancient Greek pottery is shown in the illustration; and thrived during a period of great art production. It typically portrayed slender figures performing everyday tasks. The correct answer therefore, is (A).

Roman Architecture & engineering contributions

Arch, barrel vault, groin vault - spanned greater distances than post & lintel

Palace of King Sargon - Sumerian architectural complex - Mesopotamia

Architectural complex in Summeria where life was reguarized with workshops, residential areas, division of labor, communal efforts - towering above was a ziggarat - stepped pyramid

International Gothic art

Around the year 1400, a rare homogeneity characterized European art that became known as ----.Other terms for this art are: courtly style, soft style, beautiful style, lyrical style, cosmopolitan gothic style, trecento rococo, and court naturalism.

Whistler - Nocturne in Black and gold - realism

Art for arts sake

Goya

Art reflected social protest- spanish - Family of Charles IV pictured and shown as haute?

Diego Velazquez - Spanish baroque

Artist

Durer - 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse - German renaissance

Artist known for graphic arts - 1st to use printmaking as a major medium in the arts - created the form of hatching of engraving to the woodcut

Vermeer - The Kitchenmaid

Artist known for masterful use of light - defined forms NOT by lines, but by beads of light - also known for varying the intensity of color in relation to objects s distance from the light source

Palladio - Villa Rotunda

Artist known for the villas and palaces - wrote Four Books on Architecture- inspired neo-classical revivalists like Thomas Jefferson - the villa rotunda pictured, incorporated Greek and Roman details like porticos with Ionic columns, a flatten d roof like the pantheon, and rooms arranged symmetrically around a central rotunda

Van Dyck - Charles I at The Hunt

Artist specialized in flattering portraits of famous aristocrats - also painted aristocrats and royals within classic columns - flattered subjects in paint - head of body was 1 to 7 which made it elongated

David by Donatello - early renaissance

Artist used contrapposto & naturalism like classical sculpture in Greece and Rome - the first free standing nude sculpture since the classical period

Durer - St. Jerome in his Study - German renaissance

Artist used straight and curved hatching and cross-hatching to depict light streaming through bottle glass windows, casting accurate shadows

Van Eyck - Arnolfini Wedding

Artist was a master of realism - recreated the marriage scene - every object symbolizes the sanctity of marriage - dog represents fidelity - the cast off shoes represent holy ground

Rembrandt - baroque

Artist was wildly successful portrait painter - probing, introspective paintings of his late years, with subtle shadings implying emotional depth- also the most accomplished etcher ever - created Nightwatch (shown)

Diego Rivera and Jackson Pollock

Artists inspired by Native American art

Rubens - Baroque - Descent from the cross

Baroque curves and dramatic light - fat is beautiful

St Paul's Cathedral - baroque architecture

Beaux Arts architecture, inspired by the churches and cathedrals of France, is characterized by rounded domes and arches, a symmetrical cross floor plan and clean, straight lines. Decorative elements are grouped at certain points around the Cathedralâ€"the façade, towers, sides, entrances and dome. The Cathedral's most prominent feature is a 120-foot-wide dome made of curved steel beams, covered with a clay tile surface and overlaid with copper. A copper-clad lantern, approximately 30 feet tall, sits on top of the dome. From the base to the very top of the lantern, the Cathedral stands 306 feet tall

Cockling

Buckling or warping of watercolor paper is called cockling. Paper tends to cockle when water is applied to it. To prevent cockling, artists stretch paper before it is used.

Great Pyramids of Giza - Egypt -

Built to last forever - includes the largest stone structure in the world - interior made of limestone - to support the burial chambers, great engineering feats were accomplished - grand gallery's ceiling was tiered and braced and king's chamber had six granite slab roofs above six compartments to relieve stress and displace weight

obelisk

By definition, an -------- is a four-sided tall structure that tapers as it rises, and ends in a point. The Washington Monument is an example

The Middle Ages

Carolingian art, stimulated by Charlemagne forming the first Holy Roman Empire, laid a solid foundation for which of the following? Northern Renaissance Art. The Middle Ages. Stained glass. Gothic architecture.

Hopi tribe Kachina Doll - PreColumbian

Carved and painted these dolls out of cottonwood roots to represent gods and teach religion - what civilization?

Tiepolo - Appolo Conducts the Bride.... - baroque

Ceiling frescoes of gods and heroes floating heavenward, showed the vigorous movement and vivid colors of his style (and this art style)

Romanticism

Characteristics- 1800 - 1850 - intuition, imagination, emotion- inspired by medical and baroque eras & Middle and Far East - subjective, spontaneous, and nonconformist tone - unrestrained, deep rich shades of color - subjects were legends, exotica, nature and violence - narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals - quick brush strokes, strong light and dark contrasts - diagonal compositions- machine age so lots more colors of paint - passionate - Delacroix Death of a Sardanaplus - artists include Ingres & Delcroix

Rococo style

Characteristics- playful , energetic mood - gilded woodwork, painted panels, enormous wall mirrors- s and c curves, arabesques, ribbonlike scrolls -light, graceful delicate style - white, silver, gold, lt pink, blues, greens

Neoclassicism

Characteristics: It represents the enhancement of themes and aesthetic standards of the ancient classical art. Heroes and creatures from Greek mythology, for example, were recurring themes in paintings and neoclassical sculptures. In the literature, the texts present the main characteristics of synthesis, clarity and perfection of grammar. David was founder (Jacques-Louis) End of 1700's - @ 1850

Shang

China experienced its first cultural Golden Age around 1550 B.C. with which of the following dynasties? Han Qin Zhou Shang

Hagia Sophia - Byzantine - Middle Ages

Church created by emperor Justinian - Combined Roman basilica layout with a huge central dome - used pendentives for support - 4 arches supporting a square - 40 arched windows encircled the base of the dome, creating illusion that it rests on a halo of light - Constantinople, Turkey

Roman art & architecture style

Civic buildings to honor gods, walls made of concrete with ornamental facings, circles & curved lines were trademark style, Corinthian column style, sculpture showed realistic human beings & idealized officials, art subjects were civic leaders & military triumphs

Neoclassical Art

Clear precise forms, idealized beauty, and balanced style in this work sum up the style - Ingres - Portrait of the Princesses de Broglie - What type of art?

Kore - Greece

Clothed maiden in Greek sculpture- free standing, left foot forward, clenched fists, grimace known as "Archaic smile"

Analogous colors

Colors that contain a common color, though in different proportions, are called Analogous colors Complementary colors Primary colors Secondary colors

Caryatid- Greece

Column: the pillar-like support for the roof (originally they were tree-trunks). Usually fluted. Occasionally a caryatid (female figure) could be substituted for the column in Greek temples

Tertiary

Combining a primary color and a secondary color that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel creates A tertiary color A complementary color A neutral color A secondary color

Renaissance Period art

Common elements were the rediscovery of the art and literature of Ancient Greece and Rome - the scientific study of the body and natural world, and the intent to reproduce the forms of nature realistically - Art period?

More fluid

Compared to brushstrokes in acrylic or oil painting, brushstrokes in watercolors are usually More fluid More precise Smaller More visible

Roman aqueduct

Constructed to transport water up to 50 miles - built on continual gradual declines to transport water by gravity

Graphite

Conte crayons were originally made of Graphite Pastels Chalk Oil paints

synthetic-resin picture varnishes

Correct answer: Traditional natural-resin varnishes are preferable to synthetic-resin picture varnishes. This is the least accurate statement. Synthetic-resin varnishes, such as those made from ketone, are preferable to traditional natural-resin varnishes. Whereas varnish was once quite likely to darken and crack, modern versions can be relied upon to be non-yellowing and tough, yet flexible enough to withstand any movement of the canvas without cracking.

Arts and Crafts Movement

Countered the growth of industrialism - quality in design and craftsmanship - decorative handmade objects

Queen Nefertiti statue - Egypt

Created by husband who encourage loosening of artistic conventions showed in this naturalistic representation of his wife

Rembrandt - self- portrait

Created nearly 100 self portraits- unique until Van Gogh -

Stonehenge

Created with post and lintel architecture - also huge megaliths - probably astrological calendar

Carraravaggio - The Conversion of St Paul - Italian baroque

Criticized for portraying holy figures as common people - radical style of sharp light and dark contrasts - changed European art - baroque - emphasis on emotionality rather than rationality, dynamism rather than stasis

Sumerians

Cuneiform was a writing system developed by the Sumerians Egyptians Greeks Babylonians

Mask of King Tut - Egypt

Death mask that is an example of Egyptian funeral regalia - art created for the eternal life of the pharaoh - all art recovered comes from discovered tombs

Palace of Versailles- Baroque

Decorative architecture

Birth of Venus - Botticelli - Renaissance

Decorative linear style and golden haired maidens were a throwback to Byzantine art - this painting marks the rebirth of Classical mythology - Artist drew undulating lines and figures with long necks, sloping shoulders and pale soft bodies - artist? Work? Art period?

Differences between Doric, Ionic, & Corinthian architecture styles

Doric and Ionic used in Greek architecture- Corinthian not widely used until Roman times

Italy

During the Baroque period, each country developed its own distinctive style and emphasis. Which of the following countries emphasized religious works, had the Church as its patron, displayed a dynamic style, and had dramatic, intense qualities? Italy Spain England France

The New York school of abstract impressionism

During the first half of the 20th century, the School of Paris reigned supreme; but in the 1950s the School of Paris was dethroned by which of the following? The American Precisionist movement The New York School of Abstract Expressionism The Ashcan School Dadaism

Middle ages

During what artistic period did stained glass reach its greatest popularity? Middle Ages. Romanticism. Gothic Revival. Romanesque.

Birth of photography

Early 19th century - daguerrettes - Riis documented appalling conditions because of this - affected portrait creation and painting - became an art in itself

Unfinished

Early criticism of the Impressionists described their work as Unfinished Romantic Neo-Classical Dreary

Severe style - Greece

Early phase of classical sculpture characterized by reserved, remote expressions

Wedges

Eight ---------- (or keys) are needed to fit into slots on the inside of each corner of the assembled stretcher. If the canvas sags at a later date, they can be driven in further with a hammer to expand the corners and make the canvas taut again.

Spiral Jetty - Robert Smithson

Example of earthworks movement in 60's inspired by mound builders and their philosophy

Romanesque style of churches

Exterior of church was plain, except for sculptural relief around the man portal

Rubens - Marie de'Medici series

Fat French queen - baroque's love of pomp, exuberant colors, opulence- sensory extravaganza

Sculpted figures on Greek buildings' pediment

Figures protruded sharply from background stone, which was painted red or blue - because of obsession with completeness and harmony, they were nearly finished

Binding off

Finishing a piece of knitting by passing the first stitch over the next and so on, until there is only one stitch left is known as which of the following? blinding blind hemming purling binding off

Index

Footprints in general are an example of which of the following terms that refers to the recording of an event? Pattern. Index. Action. Balance. is a recording of something produced by the relationship between an object and its role. Footprints are an excellent example of an index, because they carry meaning as a result of their association with specific animals.

Frisket

For masking out In watercolor painting it is difficult to leave certain areas white without interrupting brushstrokes. Artist solve this problem by applying frisket, a masking fluid that prevents the paper from absorbing color. After the painting is complete, the frisket is removed, leaving areas of white,

Masaccio - Renaissance

Founder of painting in this period, used perspective, source of light with shadows to create very realistic and naturalistic paintings - The Tribute Money pictured

The Last Supper - Da Vinci

Fresco painting- artist believed the artist has 2 aims - to paint the man & the intention of his soul - the worlds most revered religious painting - showed the dramatic moment after Christ said one of his disciples would betray him

Bernini - The Ectasy of St. Teresa -

Fused sculpture, painting and architecture in a total environment designed to overwhelm the senses

Tribal Art influence these later artists

Gauguin, Fauves, Cubists, surrealists, Mexican muralist, modernists, abstract expressionists, contemporary artists

Lithography

Generally seen as the most difficult printmaking method, it involves drawing directly on flat surface (usually stone) with an oil-based implement, then coating it with a water-based liquid. When oil-based ink is applied it's repelled by the water, inking in just the image and allowing it to be transferred onto a paper ground.

Opaque watercolor

Gouache is Opaque watercolor A type of sizing A material used in sculpture A drying agent

Mayan temple mural - PreColumbian

Guatemala & Mexico tribe that built stepped temples and wall murals

Raphael - School of Athens

He showed all qualities of high renaissance - pyramidal composition & models faces with light and dark (chiaroscuro) - full bodied dynamic figures and contrapposto poses

museum

Heavy illustration board, or pasteboard, has a smooth surface suitable for painting in acrylics and gouache, particularly when thin washes and glazes are applied. Always choose ----- boards for work that is intended to last, because they are acid-free.

Romanesque architecture

Horizontal emphasis - modest height - multiple units - rounded arch - piers and walls as support - barrel and groin vaults - dark, solemn ambience - simple, severe exterior

Medieval art - Middle Ages - Byzantine

Icons had images of saints & or holy persons in typically rigid frontal poses, often with halos and staring wide eyes - wood panel paintings thought to have supernatural powers

Greek Sculpture - Greece

Ideal proportions of the human body - represented the perfection of body, through athletic endeavors, and mind, through intellectual debate - Greeks sought a a synthesis of passion and reason

25 ounces

If a cavity of a mold is 25 cubic inches, what quantity of clay will be needed to fill the cavity? 25 ounces. 225 ounces. Five (5) pounds. 2.5 gallons.

Romanesque

Illuminations such as the one above from the Bury Bible, sought to illustrate the divine realm of God himself, abandoning nature-oriented illustrations. These illuminations were in which of the following styles? Romanesque Gothic Medieval Celtic illuminations developed alongside murals in the 11th and 12th centuries. ------ art sought to illustrate the divine realm of God himself; figures' hands and eyes were heavily emphasized, imparting a greater significance to their expressions.

Building up lacquer layers with fiber in order to form hollow sculpture.

In Japanese art tradition, what is Kanshitsu? Wood carving of small animal figurines. Basket weaving. Building up lacquer layers with fiber in order to form hollow sculpture. Arranging cloth figures on a surface to imitate sacred ceremonies.

mastaba

In ancient Egypt, a ------ is a retangular tomb covering a burial chamber. It has sloping sides and a flat top, as shown in the image.

Cornice

In ancient Greek architecture, the topmost horiziontal part of an entablature is called the Cornice Architrave Frieze Capital

gopuram

In architecture, a ----- is the massive ornamental entrance structure of South Indian temples, such as the one shown in this image. It is typically rectangular, gradually tapering vertically to a barrel- vaulted roof.

A splayed wall opening that enframes a doorway or window.

In architecture, what is an embrasure? A pattern carved directly into the stone, creating the architectural structure. A splayed wall opening that enframes a doorway or window. The curved area of a column directly above the capital. An element of architecture that is not easily seen by the viewer. It is constructed in a manner that allows the opening to be wider on the inside than on the outside; or vice versa.

relief sculpture

In classical architecture, a frieze often contains Relief sculpture Stained glass Fluting Fresco painting

Offset printing

In lithography, ink is not transferred directly from the plate to paper. Rather, it is "offset" to a rubber "blanket" and then transferred to paper.

Increasing the tautness of the canvas on stretcher bars.

In painting, to "key out" is the process of doing which of the following? Removing the work from a frame. Displaying a work before it is finished. Scraping paint onto a canvas rather than applying it with a brush. Increasing the tautness of the canvas on stretcher bars. refers to the outward stretch of the stretcher bars as a canvas is being prepared. Keys are the small devices found in interlocking corners of wooden stretcher bars used to produce tension.

Neoclassical Sculpture

In sculpture, you could find some strong influence of classical forms of the Renaissance. Unlike the Baroque sculptors, who painted their works, neoclassical artists opted for natural white marble (as the Greek and Roman sculptors). What art movement?

Obverse, reverse

In terms of a coin or medal, what are the front side and back side of same known as? Recto; verso. Obverse; recto. Reverse; verso. Obverse; reverse. One term is of a round object (like a coin) and the other is of a manuscript (a book)

An object believed to have magical powers.

In terms of art, which of the following describes a fetish best? A personal affinity toward one medium over another. An object believed to have magical powers. A type of paper created by high-end paper manufacturers. A high-gloss paint.

Chain lines are further apart, and run parallel to the grain.

In terms of papermaking, what is the difference between chain and laid lines? Chain lines are closer together than laid lines. Chain lines run perpendicular to the grain. Chain lines are made on a mold. Chain lines are further apart, and run parallel to the grain.

Blocking

In terms of textile arts, the final stage of handmade textile production that adjusts the shape of the finished piece is which of the following? stitching blocking molding none of the above

Battening

In terms of weaving fabric, the process involving the beater of the loom pressing the newly created weft thread against the already woven fabric using a reed is called: harnessing warping wefting battening

Curl

In terms of yarns for weaving, the wave in fibers that have no crimp is known as which of the following? curl cable batt balance

A layer of stone

In the construction of an arch, a course is The foundation A layer of stone A capstone A post

Ears

In the image above, the visible depressions on the corners of the rubber mold on the right are known as which of the following? Posts-and-lintels. Ears. Cross-hatches. Eyes.

Counterchange

In the work shown above, Lady Standing at a Virginal (c. 1670, National Gallery, London) Dutch painter J. Vermeer uses which of the following techniques to create contrast and movement to the painting? temperature contrast tonal contrast split complementaries counterchange the placing of light shapes against dark, and vice versa. It creates lively, interesting pictures, because the reversals of light and dark provide intriguing contrasts. It also gives movement and rhythm to a picture, leading the viewer from light to dark and back again.

Wet on dry

In watercolor painting, the technique of working from light to dark is called Wet on dry Tenebrism Chiaroscuro Tinting technique is the classic method of building up a watercolor painting. Artist begin with very pale washes and build up colors gradually and selectively to create an impression of volume.

All of the above

In which of the following materials is resin used? Varnishes. Turpentine. Ink. All of the above.

Totem pole - PreColumbian Art - Kwakiutl tribe

Indicated status

Woodworking

Intarsia is a technique used in Woodworking Sculpture Pottery Printmaking is a technique in which spaces are cut into a wooden surface and the filled with wood shapes of a different color or shade. During the Italian Renaissance, this technique was used to decorate the private studies of popes and noblemen.

Byzantine mosaics - Middle ages

Intended to publicize the Christian creed - subject was religion with Christ shown as teacher and all powerful ruler - sumptuous grandeur with halos and gold background - used reflective glass cubes - surfaces left uneven so work sparkled

Michaelangelo - architecture - piazza - Campidoglio

Interlocking ovals and variations from right angles

Action painter

Jackson Pollock is usually classified as An Impressionist An action painter A Surrealist A Cubist

J.m.w. Turner

John Ruskin's book "Modern Painters" is mainly a defense of J.M.W. Turner Van Gogh Monet Picasso

1400° F

Kilns fire ceramics at a temperature normally greater than .

Assembledges

Louise Nevelson is best known for her Assemblages Mobiles Collages Watercolors made of many boxes and compartments. The boxes often contain "found objects," everyday things that have been discarded by other people. Nevelson believed that such objects took on a new significance when they were included in a work of art.

What are lowenfeld's stages of artistic development?

Lowenfeld's Stages of Artistic Development was developed in the 1940's and describes the artistic phases that children experience as they mature. The six (6) stages are: 1) The Scribble Stage 2) The Preschematic Stage; 3) The Schematic Stage; 4) The Dawning Realism Stage; 5) The Pseudo-naturalistic Stage; and 6) The Decision Stage.

PreHistory

Man emerged from caves to become herdsmen and farmers - led to secure food supply & allowed them to create sculpture/vases for this purpose

Illuminated manuscripts - Book of Kells

Manuscripts copied by monks and nuns, keeping alive the art of illustration and Western civilization - considered sacred containing the word of God - decorated lavishly so outward beauty reflected sublime contents

Dutch

Many English art terms were taken from ------ words due to the heavy influence that Dutch artists had on the American art tradition. The English word, mannequin, for example, is taken from the ----- word mannekijn.

Marouflaging

Many artists prepare their own canvas boards by covering them with canvas or muslin. This method is known as which of the following? cradling keying marouflaging dressing

Secco

Modern murals are usually executed on tinted dry walls. This process is known as which of the following? encaustic stucco fresco secco

Pompeiian Frieze in Rome - Villa of the Mysteries

Mosaics & wall paintings decorated villas in Pompeii

Pantheon - Roman

Most famous building in Rome - domed rotunda illustrated architect's ability to enclose space

Vases

Most of the surviving examples of ancient Greek painting are painted on Parchment Papyrus Vases Boards Red on black background or black on natural background

Egyptian sculpture - Egypt

Motionless, impassive poses in sculpture - created with hard substances because they were meant to last eternally

Roman

Narrative relief sculpture that depicted in panels the military exploits and commemorated mass slaughter of armies - what civilization?

Great serpent mound of Ohio - PreColumbian art

Natural elaborate shrine of burial mounds in the shape of a snake holding an egg in its jaws - showed a unity between nature and humanity - built as a setting for their religion

Kouros - Greece

Nude male youth in Greek sculpture- free standing, left foot forward, clenched fists, grimace known as "Archaic smile"

Invention of calotypes

Of the following choices, which advance in photography was the earliest? invention of calotypes wet-plate process dry-plate process instant photography

Top 4 breakthroughs of the renaissance

Oil on stretched canvas, perspective, use of light and shadow, pyramid configuration of portraits designed symmetrically

Mesopotamia

One of the 7 wonders of the world - 4 brick terraces, rising above the Euphrates river - lush flowering shrubs and trees spilling over the city - Hanging Gardens of Babylon - What civilization?

Eugène Atget

One of the first photographers to record everyday objects as mysterious and evocative and who is hailed by Surrealists as a forefather is which of the following? Man Ray Eugène Atget Edward Weston Dorothea Lange Hailed by Surrealists as a forefather, ------------ was really the father of modern photography. He took photos of subjects like fountains and shop windows and raised the mundane to the magical.

Screen printing

One of the most ubiquitous printmaking techniques today, this printing starts with an ink-blocking stencil applied to a screen. When ink is wiped across the screen, it selectively passes through, transferring the image to the ground. Look no further than Andy Warhol for iconic examples of the medium.

Black and white inks

Only black and white inks are permanent. Colored inks consist of soluble dyes rather than pigments and are not lightfast. To minimize fading, always protect the finished drawings from prolonged exposure to light.

Impressionists

Painters of the 19th century who reflected scenes of everyday life in natural light - its subtle changes and shifts - are known as which of the following? Realists Romanticists Impressionists Expressionists

Sistene Chapel - Michaelangelo

Painting on ceiling of Sistene chapel representing the the origin and fall of man - fresco - used the male nude to express every human emotion and aspiration

World w II

Painting, by Francis Bacon, 1946, Museum of Modern Art, New York, was done as an indictment of which of the following? Existentialism democracy socialism World War II

Japanese

Paintings on sliding wall panels, known as fusuma-e, are typically from which of the following art traditions? Taiwanese. Thai. Japanese. Hindu.

Alkyd paints

Paints made from pigments bound in an oil-modified synthetic resin are which of the following? water-friendly oil paints mulled oil paints paint sticks alkyd paints Faster drying

Bruegel - Hunters in the Snow

Peasant life was his subject - used atmospheric perspective in this work - sharp foreground to hazy background - portrayed satire in his paintings- was inspired by Bosch's pessimism and satiric approach - elevated genre painting (scenes of everyday life)

Parthenon - Greece

Perfection of this public building due to barely perceptible departures from straight lines - columns curve slightly inward and the entablature and stepped platform are barely arched - they bent straight lines to give the illusion of upward thrust and solid support for the central mass - public buildings like this became pseudo- Greek temples - this style indirectly inspired Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Capital (this picture is from a recreation in Nashville) - most famous building from Greece

Geometric Greek Art

Pottery ornamented with geometric banding and friezes of simplified animals, humans

Bas relief sculptures - Mesopotamia

Predominant art form in Mesopotamia - wall carvings with cunniform writing - scenes of military exploits & king's courage during hunting

Aztec civilization - PreColumbian art

Produced massive statues of gods who demanded regular human sacrifices what civilization?

Nike of Samothrace - Greece - winged victory -

Reflected the Greek philosophy of humanism - ideal proportions (look up more on this)

African carving

Rejected real life appearance in favor of vertical forms , tubular shapes, and stretched out body parts, derived from the cylindrical form of trees

Michelangelo - the last Judgement

Saint Bartholomew displaying his flayed skin, with the face of Michelangelo

Navaho ceremonial sand painting - PreColumbian

Sand painting art that was temporary - what civilization?

Egyptian wall painting - Egypt

Sculpture and wall paintings followed a rigid structure for portraying the human figure - front view of of eye and shoulders w/ profile view of head - size reflected rank - created a dwelling place for the "Ka" in case the mummified corpse deteriorated

David by Michaelangelo

Sculpture that has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty.

Romanesque sculpture - Middle Ages

Sculpture where realism yielded to moralism (Roman Catholic Church firmly established) - bodies were distorted to fit the masonry niche and elongated with expressions of intense emotion- Last Judgement pictured - sculpture was limited to West Typanum

Vellum & Parchment codex

Separate pages bound at one side in illuminated manuscript made of calfskin - vellum and lambskin -parchment which was an update from papyrus scrolls

Rubens - baroque -

Showed curves and dramatic lighting

The Sistene Chapel - Michaelangelo

Showed the rise and fall of mankind

Gothic Cathedral style

Skeletal walls with huge stained glass windows flooding the interior with light (rose violet) vertically characterized cathedral walls - linear design with pointed arches

Negative space

Sky and Water I by M. C. Escher, Woodcut, 1938, pictured above illustrates which of the following artistic concepts? narrative art negative space street art op art

Oblique

Slanted or diagonal accurately describes an object that is referred to as being ------. At times the term, -------- may refer to an object that slants to the left.

Colosseum in Rome

So impressively laid out it inspired present day stadium design- 3 types of columns framed this building - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Ziggurat of Ur - Mesopotamia

Stepped pyramid shaped tower - 7 18 ft high stories, each a different color - height showed belief that gods dwelled on high - shape recurs throughout history - thought the shape had magic powers

Jamb Statues at Chartres Cathedral - early Gothic style

Stiff, disproportionately long figures, Old Testament kings and queens, elongated to fit the narrow pillars they were in - drapery lines are thin and straight and NOT naturalistic - what are they called and what style? Where?

Dutch baroque

Still life's were often emblematic & skull or smoking candle represented the transience of life

Heda - Still Life - Dutch painting baroque

Still life's were often emblematic & skull or smoking candle represented the transience of life

Cromelech

Stonehenge is an example of A cromlech A ziggurat A stele A cartouche is a circle of stones arranged for some ceremonial or religious purpose.

Neoclassical painting

Strong influence of philosophical ideas of enlightenment, especially those linked to reason. In paintings, the use of cool colors and the elimination of perspectives were widely used resources. It values simplicity and aesthetic purity (mainly in paintings) in contrast to the embellishments and complexities of Baroque and Rococo art. What artistic movement?

Greek Art & architecture characteristics

Temples to glorify gods, Walls Made of cut stone blocks, Rectangles & straight lines trademark forms, Post & Lintel support system, Doric & Ionic column styles, Sculpture featured idolized gods and goddesses, painting showed stylized figures floating in space, Mythology was the subject of art

loop tool

The ---------- that is depicted in the image above is used to carve clay or plastic. The metal is attached to the wooden handle in a loop formation, to provide a sturdy method of carving into the medium.

picture plane

The ------------ is an imaginary transparent surface (plane) interposed between the subject and the eye of the observer, as if it were a sheet of glass, through which the cone of vision passes, converging upon the observer's eye. This plane corresponds to the surface of the picture.

ASTM 2 ASTM II indicates very good lightfastness. ASTM I indicates excellent lightfastness. ASTM III indicates that a color is not sufficiently lightfast.

The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) codes rate the lightfastness of a color. Which of the following ratings indicates "very good lightfastness?" ASTM III ASTM II ASTM I none of the ab

Landscapes

The Academie des Beaux Arts considered all of the following appropriate subjects for art EXCEPT Historical events Religious themes Portraits Landscapes

The gospels

The Book of Kells is an illuminated version of The Gospels The Canterbury Tales The Magna Carta The Divine Comedy

subtractive

The CMYK color model is widely used in color printing. It is called a "----------" model because it works by masking colors on a lighter, usually white background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Thus it "subtracts" from the brightness of the background.

Gothic style

The Cathedral of Chartres is considered one of the finest examples of the --------- in architecture. Its flying buttresses and large ornate windows are hallmarks of the Gothic style.

Northeastern Italy

The Etruscan civilization, which prospered between 950 and 300 BCE, was located between the Arno River in Pisa and Florence; and the Tiber River in Rome.

Tomb art

The Etruscans borrowed from the Greeks for their art but most of it was destroyed by the Romans who conquered them. Etruscan art survives mostly in the form of which of the following? cave art mosaics tomb art catacomb art

Their contributions to feminist art in the United States.

The Guerrilla Girls are best known for which of the following? Their contributions to feminist art in the United States. Their modernized handicrafts, such as bookmaking and knitting. Their ability to increase awareness of international conflict. Their monopoly on art galleries in most of Europe.

María Martínez

The Pueblo Native American who invented the black-on-black pottery ware that made the San Ildefonso Pueblo in New Mexico famous was which of the following? Otto Pentewa María Martínez Karl Bodmer Louie Garcia The designs were particularly compatible with the Art Deco style in design.

Francisco de goya

The Spanish painter who fiercely opposed tyranny of any sort, and was disgusted with the vices of church and state, all of which was reflected in his paintings exposing the evil of human nature is which of the following? Vincente López Federico de Madrzo Francisco de Goya Valeriano Dominguez

Gothic style - tapestry

The Unicorn in Captivity (pictured) - a series of 7 tapestries represents the unicorn legend - tapestries were woven to depict scenes from contemporary life in wool and silk - Tapestry decorated stone walls in churches in this style - what art style featured these tapestries?

The Visitation - Reims Cathedral - Gothic style

The Virgin Mary and her kinswoman stand on one leg, upper bodies turned towards one another, drapery is handled with more imagination - the older Elizabeth (on the right) has a wrinkled face full of expression - what is name & style?

Thai

The Walking Buddha pictured above is distinctive to which of the following cultures? Chinese Indian Thai Nepalese

International

The ____________ style is a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of Modern architecture. The term originated from the name of a book by Hitchcock and Johnson, ___________________The authors identified three principles: the expression of volume rather than mass, the emphasis on balance rather than preconceived symmetry, and the expulsion of applied ornament.

Aquatint

The above artwork by Goya, The sleep of reason produces monsters, 1797-98, is an example of an etching technique in which the finished print resembles a watercolor and is a tonal rather than a linear work. This technique is known as which of the following? engraving mezzotint aquatint drypoint

Baroque

The above is a picture of the Apotheosis of the Franciscan Order, 1707, on the ceiling of the Basilica Santi XII Apostoli, Rome. It was done by Baciccio and demonstrates which of the following styles of art? Gothic Romanesque Mannerism Baroque

that a synthetic pigment has been substituted for a natural one

The addition of the word "hue" on a tube of paint indicates which of the following? the depth of the color the quality of the color that a synthetic pigment has been substituted for a natural one that the paint is "student" quality

El greco

The artist who painted Mary Magdalen in Penitence, 1580 - 85, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, had a personal style of great expressiveness shown in using anti-naturalistic colors, deliberately distorted figure proportions, and seemingly unreal pictorial space. This artist was: Tintoretto Cimabue El Greco Correggio

Rene Magritte

The artist who painted disturbing, illogical images such as The False Mirror, with startling clarity to compel a new vision of reality beyond logic was which of the following? Salvador Dali Max Ernst René Magritte Kurt Schwitters

Grandma Moses

The artist whose first solo exhibition in a New York City gallery in 1940 was called "What a Farm Wife Painted" was: Grandma Moses Mary Cassatt Georgia O'Keefe Frida Kahlo

Ashcan School

The artists of the --------------- painted raw scenes of people living their lives - shopping, drinking, working, etc. The public thought such work was fit only for the ash can. This gave a name to the movement.

Ambient light

The available light completely surrounding a subject in a photograph is known as which of the following? aura ambient light illumination daylight

Keystone

The central piece at the top of a round arch is called the Keystone Capstone Lintel Entablature

Mbari

The ceremonial houses in which large numbers of sculptures and paintings are kept in honor of deities in West Africa are known as which of the following? Kofun. Tulu. Bieri. Mbari.

Chimera

The creature depicted in the red-figure dish above is known as which of the following? gargoyle chimera gaine bucrane

A mountain

The design of a ziggurat was meant to suggest A mountain Heaven A wave Eternity

Bayer pattern

The digital photography term that is used to describe how photosites are arranged on an image sensor is which of the following? metadata megadata noise Bayer pattern

4th millennium B.C

The earliest mosaic decorations from Mesopotamia date from the -------. and were made of fired clay cones set with mortar and bitumen into walls. Mosaics were widely used by the Romans and after the fall of the Roman Empire, the mosaic technique spread from the Byzantine world to the surrounding regions.

Art Nouveau

The fantastic use of color and decoration in this painting is typical of art classified as Impressionism Mannerism Cubism Art Nouveau

annealer

The final furnace in the glass blowing process is called the ------ . It is used to slowly decrease the temperature of the glass over a period of a few hours to a few days. This keeps the glass from cracking due to thermal stress.

Intonaco

The final layer of lime plaster upon which a fresco is painted is which of the following? imprimatura arenato arriccio intonaco

Favism

The first, but short-lived, major avant-garde art movement of the 20th century (which was not well-received by the public) was which of the following? Impressionism Pointillism Cubism Fauvism

Neo-classicism

The founding of the American republic coincided with the popularity of ----------. For a century, official buildings in Washington were ---------- knock-offs.. This was mostly due to Thomas Jefferson, an amateur architect.

Gargoyle

The image above depicts which of the following decorative aspects of many Gothic cathedrals? Frieze. Entablature. Gargoyle. Gable.

Helix

The image above depicts which of the following ramp shape and design in the Vatican? Helix. Caduceus. Coil. Horn.

American Indian

The image above is an example of earthenware created by which of the following groups of people? Ancient Mesopotamians. Mongolian culture. Etruscan. American Indian. Geometrical shapes of animals and nature are particularly common in works of that genre.

Kota

The image above is of a reliquary guardian of which of the following African people? Kota Fang Mbari Igbo

Francois vase

The image above is of vase of the Archaic period in Greece that was discovered in an Etruscan tomb in Italy, where it had been imported from Athens. This masterpiece of the period is which of the following? Oenochoe vase François vase aryballos vase all of the above

A glyph

The image above, created by the Mayan culture, is an example of which of the following? A triglyph. Cuneiform. A glyph. Fluting.

Hawaiian islands

The image shown above of a defiant war god Kukailimoku is typical of the art of which of the following islands or island chains? Marquesas Islands New Zealand Cook Islands Hawaiian Islands The styles of these types of statues vary in the different islands of the --------- chain, but the sculptured figures share a tendency toward athleticism and expressive defiance.

Photogram

The image that is shown above, created by placing a hand on photographic paper and then exposing it to light, is an example of which of the following? Talbotype. Daguerreotype. Photogram. Negative art.

hacksaws

The images above show a variety of -----------, which are sometimes also known as jigsaws; made from a narrow blade fixed at each end within a frame. Each particular ---------- shown in the image is able to perform various tasks based on their shape and size.

Mahlstick

The instrument that has a long handle with a pad at one end to rest on the support for steadying the painting arm when executing detailed controlled work is which of the following? extended paintbrush palette rest mahlstick dipper

Aestheticism

The late 19th century European movement based on the idea that art exists for the sake of its beauty alone is known as which of the following? processionalism aestheticism formalism informalism

Buddhist

The lotus petal is a symbol most commonly found in which of the following artistic genres? Judaic. Hindu. West African. Buddhist.

strip away photographic realism in order to liberate feeling

The main goal of Suprematism in art was to do which of the following? represent the modern utopia that Socialism was supposedly creating practice free association produce irrational art strip away photographic realism in order to liberate feeling

A labyrinth

The maze-like pathway of the floor of Chartres Cathedral that is shown above, is also known as which of the following? A lacuna. A metaphor. A meandering. A labyrinth.

bronze

The most commonly used metal in cast metal sculpture is Bronze Steel Copper Pewter The physical properties of ---------- make it relatively easy to cast and to separate from the mold after casting. Its strength also makes it ideal for creating sculptures that have slender weight-bearing elements.

Italian statuary

The most desirable grade of Carrara marble is known as which of the following? Brauvilliers Italian Statuary serpentine soapstone is a snow-white or bluish white stone of fine, compact, crystalline grain. It is the standard for working qualities and finish and is the most desirable grade of Carrara marble.

lost-wax casting

The most effective way of making metal sculptures and objects of any size is which of the following? lost-wax casting hollow casting sand casting none of the above

Neo-expressionism

The movement in art led by Joseph Beuys that reached a climax in the 1980s by bringing back recognizable content, historical reference, subjectivity, and social comment is which of the following? Contemporary Art Collaborative Art Neo-Expressionism Realism --------- was born in Germany and reached a climax of international esteem in the 1980s. It revived the angular distortions and strong emotional content of German Expressionism and marked the rebirth of Europe as an art force to be reckoned with.

German expressionism

The movement rooted in Gothic and Romantic art and influenced by van Gogh and Matisse which was an antibourgeois movement shaped by a dramatic simplification and the desire to liberate color from the constraints of the natural world was which of the following? cubism futurism German expressionism constructivism

Pre-Raphaelites

The nineteenth century encompassed a number of movements in art. The group of artists of this period who had a mutual distaste for contemporary academic painting and intended to reform art by rejecting this approach by returning to the abundant detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian and Flemish art was known as which of the following? Nazarenes Jugendstil Romantics Pre-Raphaelites were a small but influential association of artists that included, (among others): Dante Gabriel Rossetti, T. Woolner, and John Everett Millais. For their subject matter they drew inspiration from the Bible and great works of literature. The group's intention was to reform art by rejecting what they considered to be the mechanistic approach first adopted by the Mannerist artists.

Woodcut

The oldest printmaking technique, this involves carving an image into a wooden surface, which is then inked and printed—leaving the carved-out image in negative, as well as occasional traces of the wood's grain.

camera obscura

The origin of the present-day camera consisted of a darkened box with a small hole through one wall, and was known as which of the following? Talbotype. Camera obscura. Theater. Camera lucida.

American scene painting

The painting above by Thomas Hart Benton, People of Chilmark (Figure Composition), 1920, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC., is typical of which of the following movements in art? Barbizon School American Scene Painting American Idealism formalism

genre painting

The painting above is George Caleb Bingham's Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, 1845, MMA, New York. It is a type of painting that gained respect in the first half of the 19th century and concentrated on people engaged in everyday activity. This was known as which of the following? American Romanticism genre painting landscape painting Art Nouveau

Diego Velázquez

The painting above is Las Meninas, 1656, Prado, Madrid. In 1985, artists and critics voted it "the world's greatest painting." It was painted by which of the following artists Francisco de Herrera the Younger Diego Velázquez Francisco Rizi Juan Carreno de Miranda was one of Spain's most gifted artists. He differed a bit from other Baroque artists in the simplicity and earthiness of his work. He depicted the world as it appeared to his eyes.

Impending war

The painting shown above is Fate of the Animals, painted by Franz Marc in 1913. The animals appear to be trapped in a forest with some momentous event destroying them. This work was inspired by which of the following? impending war rape of natural resources industrial age none of the above

Elongated figures and unusual use of color

The paintings of El Greco are characterized by Elongated figures and unusual use of color Realistic depiction of nature Depiction of scenes from everyday life Realistic portrayal of the human body

Louis sullivan

The person who is considered the "father of the skyscraper" is which of the following? Frank Lloyd Wright Henry Hobson Richardson Frank Furness Louis Sullivan

horizon line

The primary line of reference in perspective construction is which of the following? horizon line vanishing point picture plane viewing line

Odaliscue

The reclining or recumbent female nude

ornateness of Rococo style

The revival of classicism in art from about 1780 to 1820 was a clear reaction to which of the following? beauty of the High Renaissance ornateness of Rococo style drama of Mannerism brooding of Baroque style

Vouissoirs

The stones in a round arch are called Voussoirs Capstones Buttresses Corbels

Apse

The structure in this photo is called An apse A nave A narthex A clerestory is a projecting part of a church, usually semicircular in shape and surmounted by a half-dome. It is usually the location of the main altar.

Metier

The subject-range in which an artist specializes or is considered particularly masterful is known as which of the following? master area modello métier all of the above

The Dadaists

The technique of collage was used extensively by The Impressionists The Romantics The Dadaists The Hudson River School collage is an assemblage of images into a work of art. The ----------, who rejected rationality and the prevailing standards of art, created collages of discordant, unrelated images as an exercise in anarchy.

camaïeu

The technique of painting in monochrome, using two or three tints of the same pigment without regard to local or realistic color is which of the following? chiaroscuro camaïeu pentimento grisaille

sanguine

The term "-------" refers to a type of pencil with a warm brick-red color that is made from iron-bearing clay known as hematite. The history of the red pencil, which form in the 19th century was commonly referred to simply as sanguine (literally blood red) or red chalk, belongs to the tradition of drawings made with pointed pieces of natural stone.

Selvage

The term for the self-finished edges of a fabric which are parallel to the lengthwise threads is which of the following? fray deckle seam selvage

Clerestory

The term referring to a building wall in a cathedral which is raised above an adjoining room and has windows, is known as which of the following? Clerestory. Buttress. Ribbed vault. Triforium.

Copying

The time-honored way of learning to paint and draw by making studies of antiques or Old Masters' paintings in museums is which of the following? personal exploration free expression copying ephemeral collection

Ganosis

The toning or dulling of stone sculpture, for instance by the application of colors mixed with wax, is known as which of the following? ganosis intonaco marouflage none of the above

Awl

The tool pictured above is often used by weavers to loosen densely packed weft. This tool is known as which of the following? shed stick baton flute awl

Muller

The tool pictured above is used to grind pigment and oil mixtures. It is known as which of the following? mallet mahlstick muller pestle

Claw chisel

The tool shown in the image above is which of the following? Adze. Claw chisel. Staple. Ciseau. is used for shaping stone, and has six (6) or so notches in its carving edge

oil-based lead-white

The traditional, and best, primer for oil painting, particularly on stretched canvas, is -------- primer. This primer is flexible, stretching and contracting with the canvas on changes in temperature and humidity.

Hollow casting

The type of casting that uses a negative and a positive mold instead of casting with wax is which of the following? worked metal casting hollow casting mixed media casting all of the above

Oil pastels

The type of pastels that make thick buttery strokes and produce a more intense color is which of the following? soft pastels hard pastels oil pastels pastel pencils

red figure technique

The vessel above which depicts the Wedding of Thetis and Peleus, c. 470-460 B.C., Athens is an example of which of the following? etching blind etching red figure technique black figure technique involves sketching figures, then incising a border around them. Next the artist painted in details with slip and finally painted the background with slip which blackened in the kiln right up to the incised border around the figure.

Mona Lisa - Da Vinci - Renaissance

The world's most famous portrait embodied all of the renaissance discoveries of perspective, anatomy, and composition - Artist? Art Period? Name?

Davinci's notebooks

These were notebooks that showed this artists imagination and knowledge of anatomy, engineering, astronomy, mathematics, natural history, music, sculpture, architecture, and painting - showed he anticipated many later discoveries

Bosch - The garden of Earthly Delights

This artist created moralistic paintings - this work was an allegory, warning against the dangers of eroticism - showed corrupt man, seduced by evil, should suffer calamitous consequences - bizarre imagination

Ruisdael - Windmill at Wijk-Bijena-Duurst-ede

This artist's landscapes convey a dramatic mood through the wind-raked sky, mobile clouds, an alternating sun and shadow streaking the low horizon - Dutch landscape artists established landscapes as deserving of its own artistic treatment - they treated nature naturalistically often set against towering clouds in a great sky - This artist was known as a landscape artist and emphasized great open stretches of sky water and fields and used dramatic contrasts of light and shadow and threatening clouds to infuse his work with melancholy

Borromini - San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontaine - baroque

This artist's trademark was alternating convex and concave surfaces to create the illusion of movement - made walls seem to ripple - he revolutionized Baroque architecture

Hals - The Jolly Toper - baroque

This artist's trademark was portraits of men and women in a moment of rollicking high spirits - used sweeping fluid brush strokes to frieze the passing moment in candid portraits- used alla prima (painting completed with a single application of brush strokes - caught the Jolly Toper in a freeze-frame of life with lips parted as if about to speak and his hand in mid gesture

Piranesi

This etching is the work (1720-1778). It is part of a series of etchings of fanciful prisons that reflect the artist's interest in ruins, a subject that was to become an important subject of Romantic art. Like other Romantics, Piranesi portrayed ruins as fascinating yet forbidding.

Michelangelo - Pieta

This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The theme is of Northern origin, popular by that time in France but not yet in Italy. Michelangelo's interpretation of the Pietà is unprecedented in Italian sculpture. It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism.- pyramidal composition

Soft sculpture

This is a picture of a sculpture by Claes Oldenburg, titled Soft Bathtub (Model) - Ghost Version, 1966, Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, DC. It was done with acrylic and pencil on foam-filled canvas with wood, cord, and plaster, This type of sculpture is known as which of the following? soft sculpture sinking sculpture low-wax sculpture all of the above

Henry moore

This sculpture, Oval with Points, 1968-70, was done by England's most famous sculptor who built on the biomorphic shapes of the Surrealists like Arp and Miró. His large, open shapes are semi-naturalistic, perforated by holes that are as important as the solid parts of his work. This sculptor is which of the following? Christopher Hall Hamo Thornycroft John McKenna Henry Moore

geodesic dome

This structure is a -------. It consists of lightweight, prefabricated polygons attached together to form a skeleton. The design of a geodesic dome makes it an extremely stable structure.

Photogram

This type of image, in which images of objects are printed in reverse, is called a photogram. It is created by placing objects on a sheet of photo paper and exposing the paper to light.

Daguerreote

This was the first commercially successful photographic process (1839-1860) in the history of photography. Named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silvered copper plate.

Lithograph

This work of art, created by James Whistler using ink, paper, and a metal plate, is an example of which of the following? Lithograph. Charcoal drawing. Ink drawing. Photograph. is created when a drawing is made on a stone or plate, followed by the addition of ink, and the placement of paper on top. The printmaker then runs the plate through a press to create the print.

Parthenon

Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Capital building was inspired by the architecture of which of the following? Parthenon Colosseum pyramids Chartres Cathedral

Rose Window - Chartres Cathedral - Gothic art

Thousands of pieces of glass, tinted with materials like cobalt and manganese, were bound together with lead

Paper mulberry tree

Throughout Polynesia women make decorated barkcloth from the inner bark of which of the following trees? coconut tree paper mulberry tree bread tree paper guava tree

Eugène Delacroix

Théodore Géricault launched Romanticism in France with his painting, The Raft of the Medusa. However when he died which of the following artists became the leader of the Romantic movement? Theodore Caruelle d'Aligny Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury Paul Delaroche Eugène Delacroix

Bramante - Timpietto

Tiny - prototype of the domed central church plan - expressed renaissance ideals of order, simplicity, and harmonious proportions

Etching

To create this, artists incise ("draw") a composition onto a wax-coated metal plate, then soak the entire plate in acid. The acid corrodes the exposed lines and leaves the wax intact, so that when the plate is inked and pressed, the paper absorbs the image in reverse. Rembrandt is one of the original masters of this technique.

Mesopotamia

Tower of Babel - Stack of 8 stepped towers and gates of brass - spital stairway led to summit where inner sanctuary with elaborate adorned couch and gold table - they believed it was wherevtheir god slept - what civilization?

Incan gold funerary mask - PreColumbian

Tribe known for precisely constructed masonry temples and metallurgy

Native Americans - Pre-Colombian

Tribes constructed mounds from Florida to Wisconsin - 10,000 in Ohio alone - sometimes inner burial chambers contained archeological treasures - brought earth in baskets to site and tamped it down - what civilization?

Monotype

Unlike most other printmaking techniques, this process produces unique editions. Artists draw, paint, or otherwise manipulate ink or paint to create a composition on a smooth surface, which is then produced in reverse when applied to a ground support.

Roman mosaics

Used opaque marble cubes - pieces had flat, smooth finish, colors limited due to use of natural stones - typically found on floors of private homes, subjects were secular, like battles, games - used minute pieces for realistic subjects - background represented landscape - The Battle of Issus

Byzantine mosaics -

Used reflective glass cubes - surfaces left uneven so work sparkled - glowing glass in wide range of colors - found on walls and ceilings, especially church dome and apse - subjects were religious - large cubes in stylization designs - background was abstract, sky blue then gold - Justinian and Attendants pictured

Titan - renaissance

Used strong colors as his main expressive device - father of modern oil painting - covered the surface of canvas with red hue to start then painted figures in vivid hues, covering with lots of glazes

El Greco - Spanish renaissance - Ressurrection -

Used vivid color and dramatic lighting, influenced by mannerists - many emotionally intense paintings - reflected Spain's religious frenzy at the time - late mystical style showed long bodies, harsh light as if from threatening storm, strong colors, twisted figures, sense of movement, intense emotionalism

He wanted his paintings to express his inner feelings

Van Gogh is sometimes called an post-Impressionist because He followed more classical standards than the Impressionists He wanted his paintings to express his inner feelings His paintings were more realistic than those of the Impressionists He wanted his paintings to express his theories of art

Gothic Architecture - cathedral

Vault, nave, flying buttresses, ribbed vault, clerestory, rose window, tracery - characteristics of what type of architecture?

PreHistory

Venus of Willendorf - 4 in in height - relects fetility & prosperity - art created to control or appease natural forces

Gothic architecture

Vertical emphasis. - soaring elevation - unified, unbroken space - pointed arch - exterior buttresses for support - ribbed groin vaults - airy, bright ambience - richly decorated exterior - pic shows difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture

Bluish green

Viridian is a rich shade of Reddish orange Bluish green Burnt sienna Silver

Egyptian wall painting & hieroglyphics - Egypt

Wall painting that were a form of instant replay , inventorying the deceased' life in minute detail with writing for explanation

Watercolor blocks

Watercolor paper that is glued together around the edges with gum in known as which of the following? watercolor sheets tinted paper watercolor blocks watercolor boards

Contrapposto - Greek innovation

Weight shift - the weight of the body rested on one leg with the body realigned accordingly - giving the allusion of arrested motion (captured and held briefly)

Roy Lichtenstein

What artist created this work? Pablo Picasso Roy Lichtenstein Edward Hopper Georgia O'Keefe

Piet Mondrian

What artist is known for his painting of grid patterns, with blocks of white and color divided by black lines? Piet Mondrian George Seurat Jackson Pollock Edward Hopper

Edward hopper

What artist painted this work? Edward Hopper Jackson Pollock Andy Warhol Paul Cezanne The painting conveys a mood of loneliness and isolation through its portrayal of anonymous, non-communicating figures. This is his most famous work.

Olmec - Pre-Columbian

What civilization?

Cantilevering

What design feature is used in the International Style of architecture to create an impression of weightlessness? Cantilevering Flashing Cresting Entablature

The Norman conquest

What historical event is portrayed in the Bayeux Tapestry? The Norman Conquest The signing of the Magna Carta The death of King Arthur The discovery of America It's actually embroidery

A horizontal scroll painting

What is emakimono in Japanese art? A funeral garment. A horizontal scroll painting. A garment worn by the bride and groom. A traditional woodprint.

Japanese floral arranging

What is the best definition of the term, ikebana? Narrow Japanese wood prints. Watercolor paintings by Japanese artists. Japanese pottery. Japanese floral arranging.

To prevent bubbles from forming on wax models during casting.

What is the main function of a debubblizer? To smooth watercolor paper before applying paint in order to prevent bubbles from forming on the surface. To prevent bubbles from forming on wax models during casting. To remove air bubbles from paint before applying to canvas. To create a smooth surface on stone.

used as a wrapping material, or to separate sheets of paper.

What is the main purpose of glassine? To cover works of art for display in galleries. To provide a liquid varnish on watercolor paintings. It is used as a wrapping material, or to separate sheets of paper. To provide a shiny glaze on works of pottery. is a thin, dense, glossy-surfaced, translucent paper that is resistant to the passage of air and dirt. It is used as a wrapping material, or to separate sheets of paper.

To cure illness

What is the traditional purpose of Navajo sand paintings? To cure illness To honor ancestors To celebrate the harvest To prepare for the hunt

Epoxy resin

What material used for resin casting, is manufactured by the following trade names: Araldite ®, Durax ®, and Epocast ®? Engobe. Epoxy resin. Ceramic glaze. Hardening agent.

Gauguin

What nineteenth century artist is renowned for his primitivist paintings set in Tahiti? Gauguin Picasso Rousseau Manet Primitivism was an art movement of the late nineteenth century characterized by exaggerated body proportions, animal totems, geometric designs, and stark contrasts.

Formalism

What school of art criticism believes that any social or cultural message in a work of art is a distraction from art's higher purpose? Formalism Classicism Post-Impressionism Pluralism

Dadaism

What school of art was characterized by a rejection of traditional culture and aesthetics through anti-art cultural works? Dadaism Art Nouveau Post-Impressionism Fauvism

Mannerist

What term is used to describe a late Renaissance style of art that depicted the human form in exaggerated poses in unnatural settings?

Installation

What term is used to describe an artistic genre in which disparate objects are brought together to transform a viewer's perception of a space? Installation Mobile Action painting Abstract expressionism It is often meant to evoke a variety of associations, thoughts, and moods.

Earthenware

What type of ceramics is fired at the lowest temperatures? Earthenware Stoneware Porcelain China

Rural scenes

What was the most common subject of the Barbizon school of painters? Rural scenes Religious themes Portraits Still life

It introduced Modernism to America

What was the significance of the Armory Show in New York in 1913? It introduced Impressionism to America It introduced Modernism to America It was the first art exhibit to include photography It included the work of several female artists introduced Paris-based Modernism to America. The most common reactions to the show were shock and bewilderment. The show included the Cubist painting "Nude Descending a Staircase" by Marcel Duchamp.

Traction fissure

When the principles of painting "fat-over-lean" in oils have not been applied, this can lead to cracking of the top layer or layers of paint or varnish. This is known as which of the following? yellowing traction fissure plasticity crosshatching

Metamerism

When two colors that match each other under one kind of illumination differ from each other when seen under another light source it is known as which of the following? occlusion polymerization metamerism marouflage

Botticelli

Which Italian Renaissance artist created the painting displayed above for a member of the Medici family of Florence? Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo. Botticelli. Bernini.

Rome

Which city became the most intellectual and artistic center in Italy at the beginning of the 16th Century? Rome. Venice. Milan. Sorrento.

Zuni

Which of the following Native American tribes is most famous for their intricately worked silver jewelry with distinctive turquoise settings? Hopi Zuni Eskimo Inuit

Luis Bunuel

Which of the following applied the methods of Surrealism to films? Luis Bunuel Man Ray Edward Steichen Georgia O'Keefe

Video display devices

Which of the following artistic processes is additive in nature? Video display devices. Bas relief Carving whittling

Cezanne

Which of the following artists attempted to apply the principles of classical composition to Impressionism? Cezanne Gauguin Van Gogh Manet

Robert Rauschenberg

Which of the following artists is noted for his creation of "combines," in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Robert Rauschenberg Mark Rothko Jackson Pollock Edward Hopper

Frida Kahlo

Which of the following artists painted numerous self-portraits because, as she said, "I am the subject I know best"? Frida Kahlo Grandma Moses Mary Cassatt Georgia O'Keefe

David Hockney

Which of the following artists painted scenes of California life, often including swimming pools? Andy Warhol Roy Lichenstein Jackson Pollock David Hockney

Piet Mondrian

Which of the following artists was a member of the movement known as "De Stijl"? Piet Mondrian Georges Braque Paul Gauguin Jackson Pollock

Chuck close

Which of the following artists would NOT be considered a "narrative artist?" Chuck Close Leon Golub Jennifer Bartlett Sue Coe

Realistic

Which of the following best describes the paintings of Andrew Wyeth? Realistic Impressionistic Surrealist Abstract

Classical figures of men, and idealized figures of women.

Which of the following characteristics were included in Fascist art of the mid-20th Century? A conglomeration of several different ethnicities, and a Modernist approach to color. A strong focus on principles of Expressionism and abstract figures. Classical figures of men, and idealized figures of women. The avoidance of direct messages about the superiority of the Aryan race, and an indirect focus on cryptic messages.

To encourage artistic vitality through grants for non-profit groups.

Which of the following describes the main objective of the National Endowment for the Arts? To provide visual artists with an avenue that will ensure fame. To encourage artistic vitality through grants for non-profit groups. To allow students in public school to experience music education. To award large prizes to individual artists for lifetime contributions.

Mineral spirits

Which of the following diluents used to thin down paints dries most quickly? rectified turpentine mineral spirits double-distilled turpentine household turpentine

Helvetica

Which of the following fonts is a sans serif font? Times Roman Courier Palatino Helvetica

Lithography

Which of the following is a planographic process? Lithography Engraving Intaglio Mezzotint image areas are level with the surface of the printing plate

Mezzotint

Which of the following is a technique that was developed in the 17th Century as a reproductive printing process that was tonal in quality rather than linear? Engraving. Intaglio. Burnished printmaking. Mezzotint.

Overlapping of materials

Which of the following is an accurate definition of the term, imbrication? Sewing garments. Painting with a combination of watercolors and oils. Manipulating a digital image. Overlapping of materials.

A small model made before the creation of a full-scale sculpture or architectural work.

Which of the following is an accurate description of a maquette? A paint brush used for adding detail. An adjustable easel. A small clay sculpture used for prayer rituals. A small model made before the creation of a full-scale sculpture or architectural work.

Magnesium carbonate

Which of the following is an alkaline substance that is used during the process of deacidification? Magnesium carbonate. Acetate. Hydrogen oxide. Acetic acid.

Always resting the glue gun on its side when not in use

Which of the following is not recommended when working with a hot glue gun? Working near a tub of cool water. Unplugging the glue gun if it will not be used for at least the next 20 minutes. Allowing the glue gun about five (5) minutes to warm up. Always resting the glue gun on its side when not in use.

Caryatid

Which of the following is not typically found on the Renaissance Palace facade? Caryatid. Cartouche. Balustrade. Molding.

Hercules stand

Which of the following is the heaviest-duty modeling stand on the market, that is reinforced with wood and metal? Hercules Stand. Zeus Stand. Eldorado Stand. Studio Stand.

Triple beam balance

Which of the following is the most accurate commercial scale used in ceramics? Pneumatic scale. Triple Beam Balance. Strain Gauge Scale. Bourdon tube.

Drawing and sketching

Which of the following is the most common use for bond paper? Drawing and sketching. Preserving clay. Cleaning calligraphy brushes. Plaster sculpture.

All of the above

Which of the following items is used for stretching a canvas to your own specifications? stretcher bars wedges canvas-straining pliers all of the above

Steel

Which of the following metals may be submerged in water for a cooling process? Copper. Steel. Brass. Aluminum.

Renzo Piano

Which of the following persons is an outstanding contemporary architect who has won the Pritzker Prize, the "Nobel Prize" of architecture? Terry Winters Renzo Piano Pat Steir Lucas Samaras

Art that is composed of trivial objects, that is similar to Dadaist readymades.

Which of the following phrases best describes the term, rhopography? The study of ancient objects. The study of landforms, such as mountains. An equilateral parallelogram. Art that is composed of trivial objects, that is similar to Dadaist readymades.

Cadmium yellow

Which of the following pigments would NOT be an organic pigment? indigo cochineal cadmium yellow Indian yellow

Chasing

Which of the following processes is the opposite of repousse? Chasing Embossing Engraving Soldering Repousse is a metalworking technique in which a malleable metal is shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create an image. ----------- uses hammering from the image side. The two techniques are often combined.

Art critics tend to focus more on art from cultures remote from their own.

Which of the following statements about art criticism or art critics is least accurate? Art critics tend to focus more on art from cultures remote from their own. Art criticism is responding to art. Art criticism involves interpreting the meaning of a work. Art critics can help viewers of art perceive and judge the works.

Currently there are 80 chroma colors, none of which are completely lightfast.

Which of the following statements about chroma color is least accurate? The level of pigment loading is higher than is typically found in other water-based media. Currently there are 80 chroma colors, none of which are completely lightfast. Chroma colors have greater tinting strength and opacity. Only a small amount of chroma color is needed to produce a large amount of wash. They ARE non-toxic

Gesso is most suited to water-based paints, such as tempera.

Which of the following statements about gesso as a primer is accurate? Gesso is best applied to a flexible support. Gesso is flexible enough for use on canvas. Gesso is most suited to water-based paints, such as tempera. Brilliant-white gesso is rough and not at all porous.

All of the above

Which of the following statements about gouache paints is correct? All manufactured gouache colors are opaque. All manufactured gouache colors have a high degree of permanence. Gouache colors can be intermixed and thinned with water to create transparent colors that look like watercolor paint. all of the above

Rococo exteriors were extremely exuberant

Which of the following statements about the Rococo style is least accurate? Rococo appeared in France in about 1700. Rococo exteriors were extremely exuberant. Rococo was a style preeminently evident in small works like furniture, utensils, and accessories of all sorts. The sparkling gaiety of the new age after the death of Louis XIV was expressed in the Rococo style.

It is inexpensive

Which of the following statements describes an advantage associated with the use of newsprint paper? It has a long aging period. It is inexpensive. It can be used for permanent work. It does not absorb ink quickly. paper that is made from wood pulp. It is generally used for sketches, and is not recommended for permanent work because of its short aging period.

Double loading

Which of the following techniques is demonstrated in the image above? Pointillism. Double loading. Beveling. Cross-hatching Double loading is a technique in which a painter loads two colors onto the brush side-by-side; and then carefully blends the colors as shown in the image.

Acrylic plastic

Which of the following terms describes a weather-resistant material that is also resistant to chemical change, making it a valuable tool for art restoration? Acrylic plastic. Celluloid. Polyurethane. Polyvinyl acetate.

Millagro

Which of the following terms does not refer to a type of santo, a religious icon produced in Latin America and the United States? Retablo. Bulto. Christo crucificado. Milagro.

Realism

Which of the following terms is associated with the work of Gustave Courbet? Realism Impressionism Romanticism Classicism

Indirect carving

Which of the following terms refers to a carving technique in which the sculpture is created by copying the proportions of a smaller model? Sizing. Direct carving. Exterior carving. Indirect carving.

Girandole

Which of the following terms refers to a composition in radiating arrangement or form? Horology. Glair. Girandole. Giornata.

Iconoscope

Which of the following terms refers to a glass tube used in early video cameras through which light is converted into electric waves? Lumiscope. Periscope. Videoscope. Iconoscope.

Glass fiber

Which of the following terms refers to a light but durable sculpture material made out of thin, glass filaments that are bonded into flexible sheets? Hollow cast concrete. Glassine. Glass fiber. Glazed paper.

Rush

Which of the following terms refers to a paper material with a helical twist that was developed during the 1800's as a substitute for rattan? Raffia. Reed. Wood. Rush.

Roman

Which of the following typefaces is used most often in books, magazines, and newspapers? Serif. Arial. Gothic. Roman.

Toggle clasp

Which of the following types of clasps for jewelry is comprised of a bar and a large loop? lobster clasp box clasp toggle clasp hook and eye clasp

Margaret Bourne-white

Which of the following was a renowned photojournalist who worked throughout Europe during World War II? Margaret Bourke-White Ansel Adams Man Ray Edward Steichen

Pablo Picasso

Which of the following was one of the first artists to create collages? Pablo Picasso Claude Monet Paul Cezanne Paul Gauguin

Drama

Which of the following would NOT be considered a "plastic art?" drama sculpture ceramics wood carving

Alfred stieglitz

Which of the following wrote extensively on the relation of photography to the other visual arts? Alfred Stieglitz Man Ray Georgia O'Keefe Gertrude Stein

The square-shaped block atop each column.

Which part of the structure shown in the image above is known as the impost block? The central block in the arch. The bottom surface of each column, which is also known as a foot. The square-shaped block atop each column. The curvilinear portion extending toward each column.

Hopi and Zuni.

Which two groups of southwestern American Indians manufacture kachina, which represents the supernatural represented in painted figurines? Navajo and Cherokee. Hopi and Navajo. Hopi and Zuni. Cherokee and Lumbee.

Giorgio Vasari

Who wrote the first critical commentary on Renaissance art? John Ruskin Dante Alligheri Donatello Giorgio Vasari 1511-1574) is considered the first art historian. His "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects," published in 1550, combines biography and art criticism. Is credited with coining the term "Renaissance."

The process of hollowing out helps to avoid tension due to shrinkage.

Wood carvers often hollow out, or partly hollow out their works because wood from different parts of a tree have drying times that vary.

Relief

Woodcuts are an example of what type of printing? Relief Lithography Intaglio Serigraphy In -------- printing, an artists outlines the image on a surface (such as a piece of wood) and then cuts away the surrounding material, creating a raised image like that on a coin. This image can then be used to make prints.

African masks

Wooden masks were used in ritual performances with complex musical rhythms, dances, and costumes- they were intentionally unrealistic- when confronting a supernatural power, the idea was for the performer to hide his true identity behind these masks

Balsa wood

Woods are usually ranked in weight by pounds per cubic foot, in normal air-dried condition. The lightest wood in weight of the choices given is ----------. It is a well-known softwood of cellular structure and extraordinarily light weight.

Digital prints

are created with a computer and usually made with an ink-jet printer, whose pinpointed mists of highly saturated ink product uniformly toned images. The artist's intent to produce a unique or limited-edition artwork is key here, as this printing process is also used to make common reproductions.

PreHistory

art limited to animals & stylized renditions of the human form - people were nomadic & lived in caves

Structuralists

believe that the artist does not impart meaning to a work. Rather they approach a work of art as a system of "significant forms" that prompt a response in the viewer.

David (Donatello)

bronze statue of David (circa 1440s) is famous as the first unsupported standing work of bronze cast during the Renaissance, and the first freestanding nude male sculpture made since antiquity. It depicts David with an enigmatic smile, posed with his foot on Goliath's severed head just after defeating the giant. The youth is completely naked, apart from a laurel-topped hat and boots, bearing the sword of Goliath.

Orthodox

can be used to describe a wide variety of behavior, but in art it generally refers to agreeing with established doctrine and practices

Dali

claimed to be the first artist to use holograms, three-dimensional projected images that seem very much like real objects. He first exhibited his holograms at a gallery in New York in 1972.

Solarization

creates a reversal of tones in a photograph through prolonged exposure or exposure to an extremely bright light. In the past, photographers such as Man Ray experimented with producing this effect in the darkroom. Today it can be achieved using photo editing software.

Androgynous

figures have both male and female characteristics, and were often portrayed in Greek mythology.

RAW

files are the actual data taken directly from a digital camera's image sensor. They have not been processed by the camera at all. This means they are the purest image file possible in digital photography. Often, quite correctly, the terminology "digital negative" is used to describe them.

Madras

is a design with brightly colored stripes, plaid, or other design elements, usually on a plain-colored background. This idea for a fine, plain-woven shirting or dress cotton fabric originated in India. Bleeding madras uses dyes that result in bleeding and often fading of colors each time the fabric is laundered.

Michaelangelo- The Creation of Adam - Part of the Sistene Chapel

is a fresco painting by Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508-1512. It illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God breathes life into Adam, the first man. The fresco is part of a complex iconographic scheme and is chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis. The image of the near-touching hands of God and Adam has become iconic of humanity. The painting has been reproduced in countless imitations and parodies.[3][3][4] Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper and Michelangelo's Creation of Adam are the most replicated religious paintings of all time.

imprimatura

is a layer of paint applied to a ground. It provides a transparent, toned background color for a painting. The ---------- is covered by successive transparent layers, and the colors of the layers seem to blend.

Fumage

is a method of making an image with smoke fumes. It was invented by Wolfgang Paalen, whose first fumages were made with a kerosene lamp. The correct answer therefore, is (C).

lobed arch

is an arch that has lobes (rounded projections) on the inner curve. The lobed arch is common in Islamic and Spanish architecture.

Equipoise

is an equal distribution of weight, relationship, or forces. It can be found in two-dimensional or three-dimensional works of art.

Engobe

is an excellent alternative to glaze, because it is less expensive and less time-consuming than ceramic glaze.

Lithography

is based on the chemical repellence of oil and water. Designs are drawn or painted with greasy ink or crayons on specially treated limestone. The stone is moistened with water, which adheres to areas not covered with the design. Ink is then applied to the stone with a roller, and a print is made by pressing paper against the inked drawing.

Bristol paper

is made from two or more layers of paper bonded together to make a thick sheet. It has a smooth surface which is ideal for fine line drawing, and it is also perfect for pen-and-ink work.

Flare

is non-image-forming light which washes out colors and reduces contrast. It can be avoided by using a lens hood.

Laid paper

is paper with impressions of parallel lines due to the pulp resting against wires on the screen as the paper is being made. T

Calligraphy

is the art of fine handwriting which derived from Oriental art, in which there is little distinction between painting and handwriting techniques. The flowers would probably have been drawn with the same brush that was used for the characters.

intaglio print

is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink.[1] It is the direct opposite of a relief print. Normally, copper or zinc plates are used as a surface or matrix, and the incisions are created by etching, engraving, drypoint, aquatint or mezzotint.[2] Collagraphs may also be printed

Limestone

is the only one of the four answer choices that is composed of calcium carbonate, which gives it its light appearance. Marble is a harder type of limestone that can be polished.

Tooth

is the texture of canvas or wood. It runs from coarse to fine. For instance, rough paper has a more pronounced ------- (tiny peaks and hollows) to its surface.

Linseed oil

is used as a binder in oil paints. It dries as an inelastic film. Over time, this film cracks. Acrylic paints, which use water as a binder, do not have this problem.

Brunelleschi - Piazza Chapel - Italian renaissance

it is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Renaissance architecture. - he created the central plan church design that replaced the medieval basilica

Hans Holbein the Younger - French ambassadors pictured

was a German and Swiss artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style. He is best known as one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century.[2] He also produced religious art, satire and Reformation propaganda, and made a significant contribution to the history of book design.