pre ap chem review

f electromagnetic radiation A has a lower frequency than electromagnetic radiation B, then compared to B, the wavelength of A is

longer

The compressibility of solids is generally

lower than the compressibility of liquids and gases

An example of an extensive physical property is

mass

Two features that distinguish matter are

mass and volume

Atoms of the same element can differ in

mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its

mass number

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different

masses

A physical property may be investigated by

melting ice

The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are

metaloids

Physical means can be used to separate

mixtures

Compared with the particles in a gas, the particles in a liquid

move around less

The average atomic mass of an element is the average of the atomic masses of its

naturally occurring isotopes

A student making a serial dilution of hydrochloric acid spills a small amount of the acid on the lab table. Which of the following should the student do first?

notify his/her lab partner and tell the teacher

The periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their

numbers

Mendeleev's table was called periodic because the properties of the elements

occurred at repeated intervals called periods

If the s and p orbitals of the highest main energy level of an atom are filled with electrons, the atom has a(n)

octet

The electron configurations of the noble gases from neon to radon in the periodic table end with filled

p orbitals

A horizontal row of the periodic table is usually referred to as a

period

Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful

periodic table

Using the same balance, a chemist obtained the values 5.224 g, 5.235 g, and 5.25 g for the mass of a sample. These measurements have

poor precision

These values were obtained as the mass of products from the same reaction: 8.83 g; 8.84 g; 8.82 g. The known mass of products from that reaction is 8.60 g. The values are

precise

A chemist who frequently carries out a complex experiment is likely to have high

precision

Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar

properies

The atomic number of oxygen, 8, indicates that there are eight

protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom

One chemical property of matter is

reactivity

The average atomic mass of an element depends on both the masses of its isotopes and each isotope's

relative abundance

Which of the following observations is qualitative (observational data)?

salt deposits form from an evaporated liquid

Compared with nonmetals, the number of valence electrons in metals is generally

smaller

The state of matter in which particles are rigidly held in fixed positions is the

solid state

The substances that are chemically bound together are

the elements that compose water

Which of the following observations is quantitative (numerical data)?

the liquid boils at 100°C

Isotopes of each element differ in

the number of neutrons in the nucleus

Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory?

the number of protons in an atom is its atomic number=

What causes the high density of solids?

the particles are packed closely together

A line spectrum is produced when an electron moves from one energy leve

to a lower energy level

The attractive forces in a liquid are

too weak to hold the particles in fixed positions

Which is NOT a property of metals?

unreactivity

Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

very far from each other

Particles within a solid

vibrate weakly about fixed positions

A list of pure substances could include

vitamin C (abscorbic acid)

The distance between two successive peaks on a wave is its

wavelength

In Rutherford's experiments, positively charged particles

were used to bombard thin metal foil

100. Simplify the following expression. Express the answer in scientific notation and to the correct number of significant figures.

6.6 x 104

The number of electrons in the highest energy level of the argon atom (atomic number 18) is

8

The homogeneous mixture in the illustration above is in container

A

Which statement describes a physical change?

A sculptor casts a statue in molten bronze and allows it to harden

The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape is the

liquid state

Which is an acceptable way to protect your eyes in the chemistry laboratory?

Only by wearing chemical safety goggles

Which are the chemical symbols for lead, oxygen, and silver, in that order?

Pb, O, Ag

A sheet of paper is torn into several small pieces. Which type of change has happened to the paper?

Physical change only

Which of these entries in the table refers to a chemical property of methanol?

Products Products of combustion

In Group 2A elements, the valence electrons are in sublevel

S

What is the electron configuration for nitrogen, atomic number 7?

1s2 2s2 2p3

The electron notation for aluminum (atomic number 13) is

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

Which of the following is a physical property of a substance in the liquid state?

definite volume

Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the

electron

Group ____ in the periodic table contains only metals.

2A

The electron configuration of aluminum, atomic number 13, is [Ne] 3s23pl. Aluminum is in Period

3

The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s22s22p3. How many more electrons does nitrogen need to satisfy the octet rule?

3

What is the number of significant figures in the measurement 5.00 cubic meters?

3

A sample of element X contains 90 percent35X atoms, 8.0 percent 37X atoms, and 2.0 percent 38X atoms. The average atomic mass is closest to-

35 amu

if 75.0% of the atoms of an element each have a mass of 35.0amu, and 25.0% of the atoms each have a mass of 37.0 amu, what is the average atomic mass of the element?

35.5 amu

In the electron configuration for scandium (atomic number 21), what is the notation for the three highest-energy electrons?

3d14s2

What is the number 0.0513 expressed in scientific notation?

5.13x 10-2

Which of these observations or values represents an extensive property of the material?

500 cm

The electron configuration for the carbon atom (C) is 1s2 2s2 2p2. The atomic number of carbon is

6

Why do all samples of a given substance have the same intensive properties?

All the samples have the same chemical composition.

How are compounds different from elements?

Compounds can be broken apart by chemical means into simpler substances, but elements cannot

A student observes a crack in a test tube that will be used for a lab. What should the student do with the cracked test tube?

Dispose of the cracked test tube in a designated container

Which groups in the main group have lower electronegativity than d-block elements?

Groups 1 and 2

Which two categories are used to classify properties of matter?

Intensive and extensive

Is the freezing of mercury a reversible or irreversible physical change? Why?

It is reversible because solid mercury can be melted to form liquid mercury again.

Upon completion of a laboratory investigation, where should students return the materials?

Materials should be returned to the teacher designated location

The element with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 is

Si (Z= 14)

What are the three main states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

What procedure should be used to put out a fire at a lab station that is fueled by flammable liquids?

Spray with a carbon dioxide or drychemical

A chemist mixes liquid Substance X and solid Substance Y in a beaker, then stirs the mixture vigorously. Which observation or measurement would provide the strongest evidence that the two substances have undergone a physical change, but not a chemical change?

The mixture can be separated into two substances, one with the same melting point as Substance X and the other with the same melting point as Substance Y.

A measurement that closely agrees with accepted values is said to be

accurate

A measurement is said to have good precision if it

agrees closely with other measurements of the same quantity

The group of soft, silvery active metals, all of which have one electron in an s orbital, is known as the

alkali metals

The most characteristic property of the noble gases is that they

are largely unreactive

Which concept in Dalton's atomic theory has been modified?

atoms cannot be divided

Poor precision in scientific measurement may arise from

both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument

A positive ion is known as a(n)

cation

The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a(n)

chemical bond

Precision pertains to all of the following EXCEPT

closeness of a measurement to an accepted value

Which of the following is an intensive physical property?

colour

The principles of atomic theory recognized today were conceived by

dalton

The change of an atom from an excited state to the ground state always requires

emission of electromagnetic radiation

Which of the following is a physical change?

evaporation

One of the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation, such as light, is

frequency

Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii

gradually decrease

If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the

ground state

Hydrogen is placed separately from other elements in the periodic table because it

has many unique properties

In the alkaline-earth group,atoms with the smallest radii

have the highest ionization energies.

Chemical properties

include changes that alter the identity of a substance

Compared with gases, solids are

incompressible

As the atomic number increases, the number of electrons in an atom

increases

Helium-4 and helium-3 are

isotopes

Matter includes all of the following EXCEPT

light