Pre-assessment
Which type of lesson plan activities incorporates current best practices for elementary school English Language Learners (ELLs) at various levels? 1. Activities involving identification and comparison of important concepts 2. Activities involving oral repetition of individual words from a reading text 3. Activities involving memorization of a narrative section in a language text 4. Activities involving oral repetition of sections from previously read stories
1. Activities involving identification and comparison of important concepts
A new elementary teacher is assigned a fifth-grade literacy class. The previous teacher retired. Twenty students are enrolled in the class. The classroom library includes a bookshelf with 60 books in random order and some furnishings such as a couch, a rug, two tables, a beanbag chair, and some lamps. Which three actions would be appropriate for the teacher to take to create a more literacy-rich environment? Choose 3 answers 1. Adding more books to the collection 2. Removing the rug and lamps to open up the space 3. Organizing the books by reading level, genre, and topic 4. Displaying some books with the cover forward to attract students 5. Eliminating the beanbag chair so students will not fall asleep while reading
1. Adding more books to the collection 3. Organizing the books by reading level, genre, and topic 4. Displaying some books with the cover forward to attract students
A fourth-grade reading teacher is beginning a unit on story elements. She would like to use a variety of formative and summative assessments during the unit. The teacher decides to begin with teacher-made quizzes. Why has the teacher selected this assessment strategy instead of a portfolio? 1. Because formative assessments help guide instruction 2. Because summative assessments check students' mastery 3. Because authentic assessments help differentiate instruction 4. Because informal assessments serve as a single indicator of achievement
1. Because formative assessments help guide instruction
Which two strategies help create a literacy-rich environment in an elementary classroom? Choose 2 answers 1. Creating time for independent reading during instructional time 2. Focusing the majority of lessons on the grade-level, basal texts 3. Structuring regular opportunities for students to choose their reading material 4. Encouraging students to read books rather than newspapers, comics, or magazines
1. Creating time for independent reading during instructional time 3. Structuring regular opportunities for students to choose their reading material
Which stage of writing development involves correcting mechanical elements such as grammar, punctuation, and spelling? 1. Editing 2. Drafting 3. Publishing 4. Prewriting
1. Editing
How does a literacy-rich environment support a balanced, literacy approach and increase student motivation to read? 1. It includes a substantial classroom library to engage students in reading. 2. It serves as a reading guide leaving the responsibility for reading success to the teacher. 3. It removes the focus from phonemic awareness and phonics to more advanced reading. 4. It emphasizes topics about the predominant culture to increase comprehension for diverse students.
1. It includes a substantial classroom library to engage students in reading.
Match each writing strategy with its benefit. Journaling 1. Provides opportunities for reflection 2. Generates ideas for writing 3. Allows a comparison of ideas 4. Organizes ideas for writing descriptions
1. Provides opportunities for reflection
A fifth-grade teacher has students who struggle with reading. The teacher wants to reinforce and extend students' grade-level reading by using computer texts and games. What is a benefit of using this technology? 1. Students will develop higher-order thinking skills by using computers rather than printed text. 2. Students will become better at decoding and sight word recognition, and increase automaticity. 3. Students will increase reading independence by using computers in lieu of reading instruction from the teacher. 4. Students who use computers will practice more reading at their level and will have higher academic achievement.
4. Students who use computers will practice more reading at their level and will have higher academic achievement.
A first-grade teacher wants a developmentally appropriate, formative assessment to measure students' reading fluency that will guide future instruction. Which assessment meets the needs of this teacher? 1. KWL Chart 2. Basal Reader Tests 3. Perform a readers' theater 4. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
3. Perform a readers' theater
Which instructional practice can help elementary English language learners (ELLs) develop their English literacy skills? 1. Using varied routines and gestures during instruction 2. Pairing ELLs with each other so they feel comfortable communicating 3. Placing greater emphasis on vocabulary when differentiating instruction 4. Assigning texts written at ELLs' frustration level so they feel challenged
3. Placing greater emphasis on vocabulary when differentiating instruction
During part of the reading block time, students practice reading independently. Some students are reluctant readers. The teacher assigns students to practice reading independently at home. Which technology should the teacher recommend to help support students as they fulfill this assignment? 1. Listening to audiobooks 2. Viewing online blogs about books 3. Reading along with electronic talking books 4. Watching PowerPoint presentations about books
3. Reading along with electronic talking books
What is one evidence-based, best practice for fostering comprehension of a narrative text in elementary school students? 1. KWL chart 2. Reading guide 3. Story grammar 4. Repeated reading
3. Story grammar
A fourth-grade teacher wants students to identify the features of different types of trees. Students will watch videos and read from multiple non-fiction texts. The teacher would like to combine technology with fine arts to extend the students' understanding and support their reading and writing development. Which activity integrates developmentally-appropriate technology to achieve this goal? 1. Students draw their favorite trees and use the images to create e-cards to send to pen pals overseas. 2. Students collect and classify various leaves, make a collage of the leaves to display, and create a unique title. 3. Students photograph trees, categorize them in a slideshow presentation, and create a poem about their favorite photo. 4. Students videotape family members discussing their favorite kinds of trees, edit the video and add special effects, and share it with the class.
3. Students photograph trees, categorize them in a slideshow presentation, and create a poem about their favorite photo.
Match the research-based component of balanced, literacy instruction with its description. Scaffolding 1. The relationship between letters and sounds 2. The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds 3. Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks 4. Supporting student learning to higher levels
4. Supporting student learning to higher levels
Which technology assist with reading development by listening as students read and coaching them when they make mistakes or need help? 1. Audiobook 2. Electronic talking book 3. Internet-based communication 4. Programmed reading instruction
4. Programmed reading instruction
What is one reason Response to Intervention (RTI) is critical to a comprehensive literacy program? 1. RTI allows struggling students to move to a lower-level of reading instruction. 2. RTI gives struggling students additional support in writing across the curriculum. 3. RTI provides struggling students additional support through after-school tutorials. 4. RTI gives struggling students increasing support through small-group instruction.
4. RTI gives struggling students increasing support through small-group instruction.
Which instructional strategy should be included in a lesson plan to meet the needs of students reading below grade level? 1. Offer enrichment activities for struggling readers 2. Have high-ability readers guide the struggling readers as needed 3. Tailor activities to the level of the majority of students in the class 4. Spend focused time working on decoding skills with struggling readers
4. Spend focused time working on decoding skills with struggling readers
Which research-based strategy most effectively assists teaching students about the accomplishments of several historical figures? 1. Students practice small group choral reading from trade books. 2. Students do quick reads for fast understanding of historical problems. 3. Students share information with the class from television news stories. 4. Students create Venn diagrams using trade books and their history text.
4. Students create Venn diagrams using trade books and their history text.
Match the core concepts related to literacy-rich environments to the correct explanation of each concept. Literacy-rich environments involve a wide variety of reading materials. 1. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 2. Effective environments involve large blocks of uninterrupted time for reading and writing. 3. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 4. Reading aloud and recording students' thinking through writing demonstrates literacy.
Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included.
Match the core concepts related to literacy-rich environments to the correct explanation of each concept. Literacy-rich environments involve choice. 1. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 2. Effective environments involve large blocks of uninterrupted time for reading and writing. 3. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 4. Reading aloud and recording students' thinking through writing demonstrates literacy.
Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included.
Match the core concepts related to literacy-rich environments to the correct explanation of each concept. Literacy-rich environments involve time management. 1. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 2. Effective environments involve large blocks of uninterrupted time for reading and writing. 3. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 4. Reading aloud and recording students' thinking through writing demonstrates literacy.
Effective environments involve large blocks of uninterrupted time for reading and writing.
Match the core concepts related to literacy-rich environments to the correct explanation of each concept. Literacy-rich environments involve modeling. 1. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 2. Effective environments involve large blocks of uninterrupted time for reading and writing. 3. Books, newspapers, textbooks, and magazines should all be included. 4. Reading aloud and recording students' thinking through writing demonstrates literacy.
Reading aloud and recording students' thinking through writing demonstrates literacy.
A second-grade teacher is creating reading lessons for students at a variety of reading levels. Match each group of readers to the appropriate lesson component. 1. Small group of above-level readers 2. Small group of below-level readers 3. Small group of on-level readers 4. Large group of readers at multiple levels 1. Emphasize decoding strategies 2. Model strategies and set goals 3. Read leveled books for both fluency and comprehension 4. Emphasize comprehension skills
1. Small group of above-level readers 4. Emphasize comprehension skills 2. Small group of below-level readers 1. Emphasize decoding strategies 3. Small group of on-level readers 3. Read leveled books for both fluency and comprehension 4. Large group of readers at multiple levels 2. Model strategies and set goals
Why is oral language development critical to reading development? 1. Students draw on the complexities of spoken language as a bridge to emergent literacy. 2. Students develop reading skills by understanding the rules of complex culturally diverse language. 3. Students can use their knowledge of phonics to sound out written words they do not immediately recognize. 4. Students with simple oral language skills will use fewer vocabulary words when they write than when they speak.
1. Students draw on the complexities of spoken language as a bridge to emergent literacy.
What are two reasons for having students listen to a teacher book talk as a means to support the use of a variety of texts and print materials in an evidence-based, literacy approach? Choose 2 answers 1. Students who listen to the book talks are motivated to read materials they many not otherwise read. 2. Students listen to the book talks and are introduced to genre, theme, and characters, allowing them to make comparisons of the texts. 3. Students listen to the book talk; then they are questioned on the story elements to strengthen their knowledge of the text before listening to another book. 4. Students listen to the book talks to determine the purpose for the author's writing of the material and make comparisons to purpose for other books.
1. Students who listen to the book talks are motivated to read materials they many not otherwise read. 2. Students listen to the book talks and are introduced to genre, theme, and characters, allowing them to make comparisons of the texts.
Match the research-based component of balanced, literacy instruction with its description. Phonics 1. The relationship between letters and sounds 2. The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds 3. Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks 4. Supporting student learning to higher levels
1. The relationship between letters and sounds
A second-grade teacher in an urban, Title I school has 14 students who are struggling with decoding. Most of the students failed the recent reading assessment. It appears that many students were guessing at initial consonant sounds and selecting words from the word bank that were incorrect. How will this assessment help guide the teacher's decisions about curriculum and instructional strategies? 1. The scores indicate that the teacher needs to focus on phonics instruction to increase the students' decoding skills. 2. The scores indicate that the teacher needs to select a higher, grade-level primer to increase the students' vocabulary knowledge. 3. The scores indicate that the teacher needs to have students spend more time writing vocabulary words to increase decoding skills. 4. The scores indicate that the teacher needs to have students do more independent reading in grade-level texts to increase fluency and decoding skills.
1. The scores indicate that the teacher needs to focus on phonics instruction to increase the students' decoding skills.
Second-grade students read part of a story in their assigned groups about a boisterous boy and his quiet, five-year-old sister. The boy took his sister for a walk around the block as his mother instructed him to do. The little girl wanted to stop to look at the leaves, feel the grass, and watch a butterfly. The boy became impatient. The students were asked to predict what might happen next by working in their groups to write an ending to the story. Which scenario illustrates students working within sociocultural theory to complete the story? 1. The students worked within their group exchanging ideas and rereading the story. They agreed on an ending together. 2. The students worked together as a group. They decided to rewrite their own story from the beginning with a happy ending. 3. The students worked together as a group, but could not agree on an ending. They reread the story and wrote three different endings. 4. The students decided not to work together. They wrote separate endings to the story.
1. The students worked within their group exchanging ideas and rereading the story. They agreed on an ending together.
What is one purpose of differentiated instruction? 1. To meet the learning needs of students 2. To identify students with learning disabilities 3. To give teachers an instructional model to follow 4. To motivate students by having them read the same books
1. To meet the learning needs of students
How should an elementary teacher use technology to motivate students to collaborate with students from other schools on a literacy project? 1. Use an educational website that facilitates learning projects with other students 2. Assign students to use a publishing program to create a publication for use by other students 3. Ask students to create a multimedia presentation and publish it online for other students to read 4. Help students create a profile on a social media site, connect with other students, and brainstorm project ideas
1. Use an educational website that facilitates learning projects with other students
What is one evidence-based, best practice that an elementary-school teacher can do to promote students' response to literature? 1. Create a worksheet 2. Assign a book 3. Facilitate a literature circle 4. Create a quiz with short-answer questions
3. Facilitate a literature circle
An elementary teacher has a more culturally-diverse class than in previous years. The teacher notices many students do not seem interested in reading any books in the classroom library during independent reading time. The majority of the books are written by authors of one culture. Which materials should the teacher use to create a literacy-rich environment that supports the diversity of the class and motivates all readers? 1. Posters provided by the textbook publisher of minority children reading books 2. Books by and about underrepresented cultures that reflect international perspectives 3. Audio recordings of existing books in the classroom library narrated by culturally-diverse readers 4. A book review file where students recommend to their peers books they have read from the classroom library
2. Books by and about underrepresented cultures that reflect international perspectives
A second-grade teacher is introducing a new science unit on electricity and wants to include books on electricity in the classroom library. The majority of the students are lower-level readers. The teacher wants to select appropriate text or print material that support an evidence-based literacy program for this class. Which books should this teacher include to meet the needs of all readers? 1. Books on electricity the teacher has evaluated for bias 2. Books that present information on electricity at different ability levels 3. Books about electricity that maintain a steady focus on science vocabulary 4. Books that are written on individual students' frustration levels to provide challenge
2. Books that present information on electricity at different ability levels
What are two evidence-based best practices for responding to elementary students' writing? Choose 2 answers 1. Expect correct spelling 2. Evaluate content before mechanics 3. Conference with students during writing 4. Provide feedback on all writings by students
2. Evaluate content before mechanics 3. Conference with students during writing
Match each writing strategy with its benefit. Brainstorming 1. Provides opportunities for reflection 2. Generates ideas for writing 3. Allows a comparison of ideas 4. Organizes ideas for writing descriptions
2. Generates ideas for writing
A sixth-grade teacher is having students read Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. Before beginning reading, she wants the class to think about the book and anticipate story events. Which strategy can the teacher use to most effectively build students' pre-reading comprehension skills? 1. Have students read on-line summaries of similar texts 2. Have students look at the book's front cover, pose questions, and make predictions 3. Have students learn a list of spelling words used in the book before they begin reading 4. Have students take notes as the teacher summarizes the plot so that they will know what to expect
2. Have students look at the book's front cover, pose questions, and make predictions
A reading teacher works with gifted and talented sixth- and seventh-graders. The teacher has created a standards-based lesson plan concerning Native American culture: • Read a book on Native American culture. • Research the lives of famous Native Americans. • Locate three sources on the internet about foods, customs, and culture of Native Americans. • Create a visual presentation to show what was learned. • Present the findings in a presentation to the class. Which two strategies could the teacher use to adapt this lesson plan to help improve students' vocabulary skills? Choose 2 answers 1. Have students define common terms used in history to depict the Native American lifestyle 2. Have students write an essay about famous Native Americans in which they use ten new vocabulary words 3. Have each student read a passage to the class about Native American customs and check their word pronunciation and vocabulary skills 4. Have each student create a graphic organizer that includes at least five new vocabulary words to depict what they learned about Native American cultures
2. Have students write an essay about famous Native Americans in which they use ten new vocabulary words 4. Have each student create a graphic organizer that includes at least five new vocabulary words to depict what they learned about Native American cultures
A third-grade class has 24 students with a wide range of reading levels. Six students are English Language Learners (ELLs). How can the teacher incorporate best practices to benefit the entire class in the area of literary instruction? 1. Pair students by interests for all reading activities 2. Include individual reading conferences with all students 3. Provide all students with dual language reading material 4. Offer all students directions in both English and Spanish
2. Include individual reading conferences with all students
Which term describes young children who read words based on visual cues? 1. Full alphabetic stage 2. Pre-alphabetic stage 3. Partial alphabetic stage 4. Consolidated alphabetic stage
2. Pre-alphabetic stage
During silent, sustained reading time, a fifth-grade teacher has noticed many students seem disengaged. The teacher has also administered multiple reading assessments and discovered these students' overall reading ability has not improved. Which reading materials should the teacher add to the library to support an evidence-based literacy program and improve students' engagement? 1. Sixth-grade reading material that offers greater challenge 2. Texts based on students' interests and background knowledge 3. Books with single story lines to help the students remain focused 4. Audio recordings of teacher-selected books in the classroom library
2. Texts based on students' interests and background knowledge
A third-grade teacher is reading a text with a reading group. During the week, the teacher wants to use technology to help students grow in their strategic proficiency. How can this teacher appropriately use technology to achieve this objective? 1. The teacher can have students create a blog to talk about parts of speech. 2. The teacher can have students reflect on the fluency of their recorded oral reading. 3. The teacher can have students use the computer to write vocabulary list after reading. 4. The teacher can have students videotape themselves to see how frequently they participated in reading group activities.
2. The teacher can have students reflect on the fluency of their recorded oral reading.
Match the research-based component of balanced, literacy instruction with its description. Comprehension strategies 1. The relationship between letters and sounds 2. The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds 3. Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks 4. Supporting student learning to higher levels
3. Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks
A fifth-grade, language arts teacher has 20 students with a wide range of reading abilities. The teacher plans to have the class read a grade-level novel together. Additionally, the teacher plans to divide students into small groups, allowing groups to choose a novel that aligns with their abilities and interests. How should this teacher further differentiate instruction to meet the needs of all students? 1. The teacher should ask the stronger readers to read an additional grade-level text. 2. The teacher should spend more time with struggling readers to increase reading strategies. 3. The teacher should assign the class to read a more difficult novel to challenge stronger readers. 4. The teacher should spend more group time with the stronger readers than with the weaker ones.
2. The teacher should spend more time with struggling readers to increase reading strategies.
A fourth-grade class is reading historical fiction books to integrate social studies into the English language arts classroom. Which lesson plan incorporates a developmentally appropriate, formative assessment? 1. The teacher will teach vocabulary, have students read the book independently, and create a portfolio after reading the book. 2. The teacher will use an anticipation guide, have students read the book in groups, and take quizzes after they read each chapter. 3. The teacher will have students keep vocabulary notebooks, read in pairs, and then write a poem based on their favorite character. 4. The teacher will have students make predictions, read the book as a class, and take a test after they have finished reading the book.
2. The teacher will use an anticipation guide, have students read the book in groups, and take quizzes after they read each chapter.
A fourth-grade teacher notices two students are reading below grade level after several months of instruction. The teacher has been using direct instruction in a whole-group setting and has included a lot of modeling for all of the students. The two students fail a reading test. The teacher decides to implement a response to intervention (RTI) model in the classroom after consulting with the guidance counselor. What is an appropriate Tier 2 intervention for these two students? 1. The two students should be tested for a learning disability in reading. 2. The two students should meet with the teacher for small-group instruction. 3. The two students should each meet with the teacher individually for more intense instruction. 4. The two students should be given additional homework to help them understand the concepts.
2. The two students should meet with the teacher for small-group instruction.
Match the research-based component of balanced, literacy instruction with its description. Phonemic awareness 1. The relationship between letters and sounds 2. The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds 3. Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks 4. Supporting student learning to higher levels
2. The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds
A standard for second-grade students is that they will read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. To support this objective, a teacher with a class of students from diverse language backgrounds plans the following activities: • Have small groups of students pre-write with pictures for a fictional story • Ask each group to tell her their story out loud • Write down the words of the story using the students' language • Make copies of the story to provide to group members the next day • Read the story to the students as they follow along Why should the teacher use this approach with her students? 1. This approach is linked to phonics instruction, which strengthens the vocabulary of students from diverse backgrounds. 2. This approach is useful for students from diverse backgrounds because students generate the vocabulary and have prior content knowledge. 3. This approach allows beginning readers to understand that ideas can be represented symbolically through pictures, letters, or combined forms of expression. 4. This approach is effective with students whose first language is not English because it requires one-on-one word attack instruction and correlates with high literacy gains.
2. This approach is useful for students from diverse backgrounds because students generate the vocabulary and have prior content knowledge.
Which instructional practice can help English language learners (ELL) in elementary school develop their English literacy skills? 1. Presenting lessons using a lecture format 2. Using repetitive routines and language 3. Focusing on written English skills instead of oral 4. Providing supplemental vocabulary worksheets
2. Using repetitive routines and language
Which two lesson plans incorporate developmentally appropriate reading strategies for first-graders at the beginning of the year?Choose 2 answers 1. A plan that incorporates genre writing 2. A plan that incorporates inquiry learning 3. A plan that incorporates guided reading 4. A plan that incorporates experiential learning
3. A plan that incorporates guided reading 4. A plan that incorporates experiential learning
Which lesson plan incorporates a developmentally appropriate, summative assessment? 1. After learning about the structure of a Haiku, Kindergarten students will create a Haiku about the seasons. 2. After learning about mammals, second-grade students will write an in class research report about a mammal of their choice. 3. After learning about the steps of the writing process, fifth-grade students will write a multi-paragraph essay about a famous explorer. 4. After conducting an experiment on the life cycle of plants, sixth-grade students will be observed and given feedback on their lab notes.
3. After learning about the steps of the writing process, fifth-grade students will write a multi-paragraph essay about a famous explorer.
Match each writing strategy with its benefit. Venn Diagram 1. Provides opportunities for reflection 2. Generates ideas for writing 3. Allows a comparison of ideas 4. Organizes ideas for writing descriptions
3. Allows a comparison of ideas
A teacher wants to include students who have recently immigrated to the United States Many of these students are from Latin American countries and their family's first language is Spanish. The children have never been in the United States before and are seeking new friends. The teacher decides to allow students to work in teams to create a Reader's Theater of a story on friendship that was read in class. How does this lesson align with best practices for these second-grade students? 1. The plan teaches new content to the students and meets their developmental needs. 2. The plan utilizes higher-level cognitive reasoning to enhance their developmental needs. 3. The plan allows students to cooperatively recreate a classroom story that matches their developmental level. 4. The plan uses lower-levels of cognitive reasoning to build upon what they know and increase their developmental level.
3. The plan allows students to cooperatively recreate a classroom story that matches their developmental level.
Which practice should be included in a comprehensive, balanced approach to literacy development for elementary students? 1. Teaching round-robin reading 2. Teaching a strictly phonics-based program 3. Using books from a variety of genres and sources 4. Using basal readers for whole-group and small-group instruction
3. Using books from a variety of genres and sources
How are reading and writing development connected? 1. Reading and writing depend on different cognitive structures and strategies. 2. What students learn through informal writing is dependent upon reading level. 3. Writing extends reading experiences to integrate what students know in a logical way. 4. Writing and reading are solitary experiences so students can strengthen metacognitive skills.
3. Writing extends reading experiences to integrate what students know in a logical way.
What is an example of a Tier 2 intervention in the response to intervention (RTI) strategy for general education students? 1. A counselor works with several students who are struggling with the divorce of their parents. 2. A general education teacher uses direct instruction during a vocabulary lesson on mammals. 3. A special education teacher works with one student who has failed to make academic progress over a period of four months. 4. A reading specialist works with a small group of students who are reading slightly below grade level and struggle with content area vocabulary.
4. A reading specialist works with a small group of students who are reading slightly below grade level and struggle with content area vocabulary.
A first-grade teacher in an urban school has 18 students from diverse backgrounds with varying ability levels. Some of the students are reading below grade level, while others struggle with alphabetic knowledge and fluency. The teacher would like to use DIBELS to help guide reading instruction to enhance academic outcomes for students. How does this assessment help the teacher make decisions about curriculum and instructional strategies? 1. By understanding students' knowledge of sight vocabulary and word-identification strategies, the teacher can increase or decrease decoding strategies. 2. By understanding students' knowledge of letter-sound relationships and phonics patterns, the teacher can determine whether to increase or decrease vocabulary instruction. 3. By understanding students' letter knowledge, sound-symbol relationship, and skill at reading simple sentences using word tiles, the teacher can increase or decrease alphabetic instruction. 4. By understanding students' letter-name knowledge, nonsense word decoding, and oral-reading fluency, the teacher can increase or decrease phonics-based or reading instruction in comprehension.
4. By understanding students' letter-name knowledge, nonsense word decoding, and oral-reading fluency, the teacher can increase or decrease phonics-based or reading instruction in comprehension.
A third-grade teacher is creating lessons for both the whole class and individual reading groups within the class. She aligns the lessons with the third-grade standards and differentiates instruction to meet the needs of diverse learners. What should she remember when choosing the texts for the lessons? 1. Each student needs a different leveled text from the other students in the small group. 2. Each student in the class needs the same text to encourage rich whole group discussion. 3. Each student may need a different text than the rest of the class to encourage rich discussion. 4. Each student within each small group needs the same text, which links to the entire class by theme or topic.
4. Each student within each small group needs the same text, which links to the entire class by theme or topic.
A gifted and talented sixth-grade class is studying Native American culture. The teacher wants students to develop their reading and writing skills while completing the standards-based lesson plan. The lesson plan in the curriculum guide states that the students will do the following: • Read three books on Native American culture. • Research where and how most Native Americans live today. Find two sources. • Write a book report on a self-selected book about the Native American culture. How could the teacher adapt the lesson plan to help these gifted and talented students improve their reading and writing skills? 1. Have the gifted and talented students peer review classmates' book reports on Native American culture 2. Have the gifted and talented students participate in a whole-class discussion concerning Native American dress, foods, and customs 3. Have the gifted and talented students take an oral assessment where they justify their conclusions from their research on Native American culture 4. Have the gifted and talented students create graphic organizers as they work independently to write and publish their papers on Native American culture
4. Have the gifted and talented students create graphic organizers as they work independently to write and publish their papers on Native American culture
How does using a variety of fiction and nonfiction texts play an important role in an evidence-based, literacy approach? 1. It encourages students to analyze an author's writing style. 2. It encourages students to select and read texts above their reading level. 3. It allows students to read similar materials and emulate texts in their own writing. 4. It motivates students to read more by providing them with multiple types of reading materials.
4. It motivates students to read more by providing them with multiple types of reading materials.
Match each writing strategy with its benefit. Semantic mapping 1. Provides opportunities for reflection 2. Generates ideas for writing 3. Allows a comparison of ideas 4. Organizes ideas for writing descriptions
4. Organizes ideas for writing descriptions
A first-grade is developing a lesson plan on letter-sound associations. The teacher wants to incorporate phonics instruction for initial word sounds. Which lesson plan supports best practices for English language learners (ELLs)? 1. The teacher reads a story to the students. Next, a few students sound out words from the text. Then, students echo read the same text while seated in pairs. 2. The teacher uses whole-group instruction to introduce the "st" blend. The teacher hands out worksheets and has students circle pictures of objects that end with the "st" blend while saying the name of each picture aloud. 3. The teacher creates a language experience story in a whole-class setting. Students write a story using invented spelling. Then, the students read aloud with the teacher while the teacher points to each word in the story. 4. The teacher provides instruction on the letter sounds for "b", "d", and "p". Then, the teacher models and allows students to work in small groups playing a game where they match the letter with a picture of an object beginning with that letter.
4. The teacher provides instruction on the letter sounds for "b", "d", and "p". Then, the teacher models and allows students to work in small groups playing a game where they match the letter with a picture of an object beginning with that letter.
A third-grade class consists of three reading groups. Group A has four students who struggle with fluency and decoding grade-level text. Group B has six students who are reading grade-level text, but struggle with comprehension. Group C has six students who read fluently and comprehend grade-level text with no difficulty. What would be an appropriate way for the teacher to differentiate the texts for each group? 1. The teacher should assign the same text to each group and vary the length of the assignment. 2. The teacher should assign the same text to each group, but read the assignment aloud with group A. 3. The teacher should assign groups B and C the same text and have peers tutor the students in group A. 4. The teacher should assign each group different texts with the same theme, but appropriate text levels for each group.
4. The teacher should assign each group different texts with the same theme, but appropriate text levels for each group.
Sixth-grade students are assigned a project as an extension to their in-class reading topic. They need to read and gather factual information about an event of interest and relate it to another historical event. How can technology support the students in this situation? 1. View documentaries about the specific events 2. Listen to audio-books that pertain to the events 3. Use online newspapers to read about the events 4. Use a website that provides specific information about the events
4. Use a website that provides specific information about the events
Which evidence-based, best practice for writing instruction uses Venn diagrams, semantic mapping, and note taking? 1. Shared writing 2. Imaginative writing 3. Learning to write 4. Writing to learn and understand
4. Writing to learn and understand