prep. u pharm
A 4-year-old client being discharged from the hospital is ordered an oral-suspension cephalosporin. When the nurse instructs the mother to store the bottle in the refrigerator, the mother asks, "Why does that matter?" The nurse's best response would be which? "It's important to follow what the directions say." "The refrigerator is convenient and a way to track the medicine's whereabouts." "Drugs that require refrigeration lose potency if kept at room temperature." "Storing this drug at room temperature will cause it to thicken and harden."
"Drugs that require refrigeration lose potency if kept at room temperature."
A professional female cyclist has been prescribed SMZ-TMP for chronic urethritis. She has informed the nurse that she has a cross-country race in 2 days. Which would be an appropriate response by the nurse? "I don't see any harm in participating in the race if you feel want to." "It would not be a good idea to be outside while taking this medication because of possible photosensitivity occurring." "You really don't need to participate in the race. It may aggravate the infection." "If you participate in the race you may be at risk further progression of infection to the kidneys."
"It would not be a good idea to be outside while taking this medication because of possible photosensitivity occurring."
A client scheduled for a bowel resection is to receive neomycin sulfate by mouth. The client asks the nurse the purpose of this medication. What is the most appropriate response the nurse can provide to the client? "The administration by mouth will prevent renal damage from occurring." "The administration by mouth will minimize the risk of ototoxicity." "The administration will decrease the growth of intestinal bacteria." "The administration decreases the risk of airborne contamination of the wound."
"The administration will decrease the growth of intestinal bacteria."
A female client with acute joint inflammation asks the nurse why she shouldn't use acetaminophen for her condition. What would be the nurse's best response to this client? "The drug has no effect on inflammation." "The drug has quite a few adverse effects." "This drug is reserved for long-term therapy." "The drug can increase your risk for bleeding."
"The drug has no effect on inflammation."
A female client with acute joint inflammation asks the nurse why she shouldn't use acetaminophen for her condition. What would be the nurse's best response to this client? "The drug has no effect on inflammation." "The drug has quite a few adverse effects." "This drug is reserved for long-term therapy." "The drug can increase your risk for bleeding."
"The drug has no effect on inflammation."
What information will the nurse teach the client being switched to azithromycin from erythromycin? "This drug is in a different class of antibiotics and will work better." "This drug is used with only younger clients." "This drug has enhanced antibacterial activity." "This drug causes more diarrhea."
"This drug has enhanced antibacterial activity."
Penicillins may trigger an anaphylactic reaction in some clients. Within what period following injection of a penicillin is anaphylaxis most likely to occur? 30 minutes 15 minutes 45 minutes 10 minutes
30 minutes
A male client with osteoarthritis informs the nurse that he is allergic to ibuprofen. He asks if he can take Mobic instead. The nurse responds that this is not a good idea, because there is cross-sensitivity to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). What statement about cross-sensitivity is accurate? A client allergic to one NSAID will be allergic to another NSAID. A client allergic to one NSAID is at increased risk of an allergic reaction with any other NSAID. The Mobic will not cross the allergic line. Mobic is not a good medication but the client could take Feldene safely.
A client allergic to one NSAID is at increased risk of an allergic reaction with any other NSAID.
The nursing student learning about anti-infective therapy demonstrates understanding when she defines which as "bacterial resistance"? Ability to destroy the bacteria Ability of bacteria to inactivate or destroy the antibiotic Ability to slow the multiplication of the bacteria Ability to retard the multiplication of the bacteria
Ability of bacteria to inactivate or destroy the antibiotic
A parent has sought care from the nurse practitioner to treat a child's fever. The nurse practitioner is most likely to recommend what nonsalicylate drug? Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin
Acetaminophen
A parent has sought care from the nurse practitioner to treat a child's fever. The nurse practitioner is most likely to recommend what nonsalicylate drug? Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin
Acetaminophen
A client is newly diagnosed with parkinsonism and has been prescribed levodopa. After several weeks, no appreciable reduction in symptoms has been noted. The nurse should anticipate what change in the client's medication regimen? Adding carbidopa to the client's medication regimen Addition of vitamin B6 to the client's medication regimen Substitution of diphenhydramine for levodopa Temporary change in levodopa route from oral to intravenous
Adding carbidopa to the client's medication regimen
The nurse teaches the client to do which of the following prior to surgery? Avoid salicylates for at least one week. Avoid acetaminophen for at least one week. Avoid salicylates for at least two weeks. Avoid acetaminophen for at least two weeks.
Avoid salicylates for at least one week.
Which of the following would a nurse identify as being classified as a macrolide? Azithromycin Gentamicin Doxycycline Cephalexin
Azithromycin
A nursing student is asked by the instructor why the client is receiving pain medication for severe migraine headache SQ instead of orally. The student knows the client is on a regular diet and appears to be tolerating it fine. What is the best informative statement for the student to make? The client does not like to take medications by mouth because they leave a bad taste. Because reduced GI motility can accompany a migraine event, delayed absorption may occur. The physician prefers to order most medications this route. It is more convenient so when the client is sleeping, the nurse does not have to waken him or her.
Because reduced GI motility can accompany a migraine event, delayed absorption may occur.
A client is newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The client has been placed on an anticholinergic drug. Which symptom would cause the greatest concern for the nurse? Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision Dizziness Agitation
Blurred vision
What symptoms should lead the nurse to suspect that a client receiving a cefuroxime ingested alcohol during treatment? Select all that apply. Chest pain Throbbing headache Dyspnea Pallor Bleeding gums
Chest pain Throbbing headache Dyspnea
Mr. Laird is a 49-year-old electrician who experienced severe burns on his trunk, arms, and hands in a workplace accident 2 weeks ago. Part of his current wound care regimen involves the daily application of silver sulfadiazine to his wounds. The nurses who are providing care for Mr. Laird in the burns and plastics unit of the hospital should perform what action when administering this medication? Apply a layer of silver sulfadiazine that is sufficiently thick to cover exposed nerve endings Cleanse the wound of debris prior to applying the silver sulfadiazine Apply a thin layer of the drug to Mr. Laird's wound beds using clean technique Perform thorough wound care immediately using a clean dry gauze
Cleanse the wound of debris prior to applying the silver sulfadiazine
A client who takes zinc daily is diagnosed with a severe infection and is ordered levofloxacin (Levaquin). The nurse is aware that taking these two drugs may have what affect on the antibiotic? Decreased absorption Increased absorption Increased elimination Decreased elimination
Decreased absorption
Which of the following classes of antibiotics is a direct inhibitor of DNA synthesis in bacteria? Fluoroquinolones Penicillins Macrolides Ketolides
Fluoroquinolones
When teaching clients abput taking a sulfonamide, the nurse should include various types of hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions that can occur. Which do these include? (Select all that apply.) Urticaria Skin discolorization Pruritis Generalized skin eruptions Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Generalized skin eruptions Stevens-Johnson syndrome Urticaria Pruritis
An 68-year-old client was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease two years ago and symptoms have gradually worsened. What nursing diagnoses are likely to be applicable to this client? Select all that apply. Impaired Physical Mobility related to extrapyramidal symptoms Risk for Autonomic Dysreflexia related to CNS disruptions Disturbed Thought Processes related to low dopamine levels Self-care Deficit: Dressing/Grooming related to ataxia Acute Pain related to nociceptor stimulation
Impaired Physical Mobility related to extrapyramidal symptoms Self-care Deficit: Dressing/Grooming related to ataxia
Your client is 32 weeks pregnant. She has just been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. You know that tetracycline is contraindicated for her because: It can cause the mother's teeth to be discolored. It can cause a life-threatening toxicity for the fetus. It can cause the mother to develop osteoporosis. It can cause a change in the bacteria.
It can cause a life-threatening toxicity for the fetus
The nurse is teaching the client who has just been placed on sulfasalazine about its potential adverse reactions. One common reaction the nurse should definitely include in teaching is which? May cause clay-colored stools and diarrhea May cause the skin and urine to turn orange-yellow May cause the eyes to water and become irritated May cause facial pigmentation changes that will fade after therapy
May cause the skin and urine to turn orange-yellow
A young adult has been receiving Keflex P.O. for the last 5 days to treat a respiratory infection. The nurse is concerned when the client reports urinating only once in the last 16 hours. What should the nurse consider as the cause? Steven-Johnson syndrome Nephrotoxicity Superinfection Systemic dehydration
Nephrotoxicity
A client is prescribed benztropine. The nurse would anticipate administering this drug by which route? Oral Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous
Oral
Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to which classes of antibiotics? Penicillins Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines
Pencillins
A 36-year-old client with a history of rheumatic fever is scheduled for dental surgery. The primary care provider orders this client to take penicillin for 3 days before and for 3 days after surgery. This is a case of which type of therapy? Primary Prophylaxis Secondary Tertiary
Prophylaxis
A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed diphenhydramine for the treatment of Parkinson disease in an older adult. The client reports diplopia and blurred vision. Which intervention would be most appropriate? Instruct the client to avoid direct sunlight. Provide proper assistance with ambulation. Provide eye protection to the client. Instruct the client to place a cool cloth over eyes.
Provide proper assistance with ambulation.
A client admitted to the emergency department with a migraine headache unrelieved with current prescribed medications. The nurse administers prescribed ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg IV and metoclopramide 10 mg IV, and the client suddenly develops involuntary movement of upper limbs, facial grimacing, sticking out the tongue rhythmically, contractures of the neck and head to one side in a twisting motion, and rapid involuntary spasms of eyelids. Which action would the nurse implement first? Provide a quiet, cool, dark environment to rest. Receive order for diphenhydramine and administer. Assess for amount of pain relief using pain scale. Monitor for urinary retention and report, if occurs.
Receive order for diphenhydramine and administer.
The client on an NSAID reports to the nurse that her skin is reddened, blistered, and peeling. The nurse suspects which of the following? Purpura Ecchymosis Dysuria Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
A client is given sulfasalazine to treat ulcerative colitis. The client begins to complain of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, headache, and muscle aches and pains. The nurse notices red wheals on the client's face and neck. The nurse suspects which adverse effect? Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) anaphylactic reaction aplastic anemia
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
Which statement is true in regards to the oral administration of tetracyclines? Tetracyclines should be administered with a full glass of water. Tetracyclines should be administered on a full stomach. Tetracyclines should only be administered in the evening. Tetracyclines should only be administered in the morning.
Tetracyclines should be administered with a full glass of water.
A 65-year-old man who just had a heart attack is placed on aspirin, 81 mg daily. The nurse is explaining the purpose of this medication to the client and his wife. What would be the nurses best explanation? The aspirin is being prescribed because it reduces the prostaglandins in your body. The aspirin is being prescribed because it will protect your heart. The aspirin is being prescribed because it reduces your risk of a second heart attack. The aspirin is being prescribed to relieve the pain from the heart attack.
The aspirin is being prescribed because it reduces your risk of a second heart attack.
A client with a complex medical history is showing signs and symptoms of sepsis. What aspect of this client's health history would rule out the safe and effective use of an aminoglycoside antibiotic? The client has chronic renal failure The client has a history of not adhering to treatment The client has type 2 diabetes, controlled with oral antihyperglycemics The client has a known latex allergy
The client has chronic renal failure
What statement is correct concerning the use of sumatriptan (Imitrex) for migraine headache relief? An anti-nausea medication should be taken first. An antiemetic should be taken with the medication. Dark glasses should be worn to prevent photophobia. The medication causes vasoconstriction.
The medication causes vasoconstriction.
The nursing instructor is teaching about a new emerging bacteria that has both natural and acquired resistance and that affects the severely ill, immunocomprimised clients in intensive care, transplant, and some cancer treatment units. This is which? MRSA VRE STI RICE
VRE
A client experiences intense knee pain due to arthritis and the use of a hyaluronidase derivative is being considered. What assessment finding must be considered? Whether the client is comfortable having an injection into the knee joint The client's expectations for future mobility Allergies to shellfish or diagnostic contrast solution The client's adherence to previous medication regimens
Whether the client is comfortable having an injection into the knee joint
Extreme caution would be necessary with the use of gentamicin in which client? a client who is morbidly obese and who has primary hypertension a client who has chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus a client who has bipolar disorder and who is on long-term lithium therapy a client who has an atrioventricular block
a client who has chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus
Which is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? acetylcysteine allopurinol diclofenac sodium ketorolac
acetylcysteine
Which is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? acetylcysteine allopurinol diclofenac sodium ketorolac
acetylcysteine
A child has symptoms of influenza, including a fever. Which medication should not be administered to the child because of the risk of Reye's syndrome? acetaminophen acetylsalicylic acid ibuprofen ascorbic acid
acetylsalicylic acid
Drugs that destroy bacteria are known as which type of drug?
bacteriocidal
After teaching a group of nursing students about the different classes of drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria as which types of medication?
bacteriostatic
The action of sulfonamides is classified as which type of medication?
bacteriostatic
Which is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis associated with a vaginal hysterectomy? cefadroxil cefazolin sodium cephalexin cephradine
cefazolin sodium
The nurse knows that acetaminophen should not be used in older adults with which condition? diabetes. cirrhosis. myocardial infarction (MI). chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
cirrhosis
A client has a diagnosis of Parkinson disease, and the health care provider will prescribe carbidopa-levodopa. Before drug therapy, the client should be carefully assessed for the presence of: macular degeneration. closed-angle glaucoma. peptic ulcer disease. diabetes mellitus.
closed-angle glaucoma.
The nurse is taking a health history from a newly admitted client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). When the nurse asks about allergies, the client reports allergies to cephalosporins and penicillin. What other class of drugs should this client avoid? carbapenems fluoroquinolones sulfonamides antivirals
crabapenems
A nurse is preparing to administer a client's first scheduled dose of tetracycline. The nurse should first ensure that the client has not recently eaten what type of foods? dairy products leafy green vegetables any high-fat foods acidic foods
dairy products
A client with an upper respiratory infection has been prescribed macrolides. Which changes during an ongoing assessment would lead the nurse to notify the health care provider? Select all that apply. drop in blood pressure increase in respiratory rate sudden increase in temperature regular urine output pulse rate within usual parameters
drop in blood pressure increase in respiratory rate sudden increase in temperature
The nurse is aware that aspirin not only lowers the client's fever but can also reduce the pain the client is experiencing by: promoting the production of prostaglandins. inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. prolonging the bleeding time. inhibiting the aggregation of platelets.
inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.
The nurse is aware that aspirin not only lowers the client's fever but can also reduce the pain the client is experiencing by: promoting the production of prostaglandins. inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. prolonging the bleeding time. inhibiting the aggregation of platelets.
inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.
Salicylates exert their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by which mechanism? inhibition of prostaglandins dilation of peripheral blood vessels inhibition of platelet aggregation inhibition of central temperature receptors
inhibition of prostaglandins
A client has been prescribed oral tetracycline. The nurse will instruct the client to take the drug how? on an empty stomach. take with a meal. with milk or fruit juice. at bedtime only.
on an empty stomach
A 25-year-old woman is being treated with penicillin G as prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis prior to a dental procedure. The nurse should question the client concerning her the use of: alcohol. oral contraceptives. fats in her diet. nicotine.
oral contraceptives
Gentamicin therapy is indicated in the treatment of what medical diagnosis? osteomyelitis acute renal failure multiple sclerosis myasthenia gravis
osteomyelitis
Michael, 25 years old, has had mitral valve regurgitation since age four, after having rheumatic fever. Michael is planning to go to his dentist to have his teeth cleaned. Because of Michael's history he will need to take antibiotics in conjunction with this procedure to prevent bacteremia. Which class of antibiotics will Michael most likely receive if he has no allergies? Vancomycin Penicillin Cephalosporin Tetracycline
penicillin
A client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse notes a sunburn-like appearance to the client's skin. The client's history reveals the use of ciprofloxacin. The nurse interprets which adverse effect regarding this finding? photosensitivity superinfection pseudomembranous colitis anaphylactic reaction
photosensitivity
The nurse knows that superinfections are a concern for clients who have been taking oral penicillins. Which is one of the more common superinfections? pseudomembranous colitis meningococcal meningitis septicemia syphillis
pseudomembranous colitis
A client newly diagnosed with syphilis is allergic to penicillin. What medication should this client be prescribed? tetracycline amoxicillin tetracycline hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride
tetracycline
The nurse teaches a client with rheumatic disease who is being prescribed salicylate therapy to monitor for: tinnitus. visual changes. stomatitis. hirsutism.
tinnitus
The nurse teaches a client with rheumatic disease who is being prescribed salicylate therapy to monitor for: tinnitus. visual changes. stomatitis. hirsutism.
tinnitus