PrepU Ch.6 Culture
Which of the following statements about culture is true? a) Cultural identity reflects the standards of behavior. b) Culture is based solely on a common purpose. c) Cultures are static. d) Acculturation eventually leads to the emergence of the dominant culture.
a) Cultural identity reflects the standards of behavior. Explanation: Cultures are dynamic and continually changing. Everyone has a cultural identity or set of cultural beliefs with which one looks for standards of behavior. Culture is not only a way of life for people who identify or associate with one another on the basis of some common purpose, need, or similarity of background, but also the totality of learned, socially transmitted beliefs, values, and behaviors that emerge from its members' interpersonal transactions. With acculturation, minority groups learn and adopt selective aspects of the dominant culture, but eventually a new minority culture evolves that is different from the native culture and also different from the dominant culture.
Jill is scheduled to begin a clinical rotation at an outpatient mental health clinic that is in a neighborhood with a large number of Asian residents. Since Jill does not share this cultural background with her potential clients, how should she begin to promote her own cultural sensitivity? a) Reflect on, analyze, and foster awareness of her own culture b) Do research on the differences between her own culture and that of her future clients c) Ask to be paired with a classmate who is of Asian descent d) Expose herself to as many different cultures as possible before her rotation begins
a) Reflect on, analyze, and foster awareness of her own culture Explanation: Introspection and self-analysis regarding one's own cultural background and membership in particular subcultures are important. Cultural sensitivity requires the nurse to develop awareness of his or her attitudes, beliefs, values, and communication style. This is a more effective starting place than researching or exploring other cultures prior to developing self-awareness.
Ethnocentrism can be counteracted by the nurse's use of which of the following practices? a) Self-analysis b) Self-discipline c) Self-disclosure d) Self-esteem
a) Self-analysis Explanation: Ethnocentrism, or the tendency to believe that one's own way of thinking, believing, and behaving is superior to that of others, is counteracted by the nurse's use of self-analysis. The other answers are not applicable as a counteraction to ethnocentrism.
When reading a research report about cultural groups and mental illness, which group would the nurse expect to find as being diagnosed with schizophrenia more often than other groups? a) Asian Americans b) Native Americans c) African Americans d) Hispanic Americans
c) African Americans Explanation: According to statistics and research, African Americans are disproportionately disagnosed as having schizophrenia when compared to other groups.
Racial bias is evident in mental health care treatment, as reflected by which of the following? a) Nonwhite clients are institutionalized much more frequently than are whites. b) Most nonwhite clients are grossly undermedicated when treated in inpatient facilities. c) White clients are given access to better facilities within most mental health treatment centers. d) It is increasingly difficult to receive reimbursement for mental health services.
a) Nonwhite clients are institutionalized much more frequently than are whites. Explanation: Demographic data indicate a disproportionate number of nonwhite mental heath patients in acute care services.
A student nurse is preparing a presentation regarding different cultures. Which definition of culture is most accurate? a) Complete uniformity of members b) Cluster of individuals c) Belief system that guides behavior d) Altruistic grouping
c) Belief system that guides behavior Explanation: Culture is a belief system that the members of the culture hold, to varying degrees, consciously or unconsciously, as absolute truth. That belief system guides everyday behavior and makes it routine.
A nurse in a multicultural community knows that to give a client meaningful spiritual care within the health care context it must be what? a) Congruent with the client's beliefs b) Congruent with the client's societal standards c) Congruent with cultural mores d) Congruent with the client's family wishes
a) Congruent with the client's beliefs Explanation: To be meaningful, spiritual care within the health care context must be congruent with the client's spiritual beliefs. Just as with social and cultural assessments, making assumptions or generalizations about a client's spiritual needs based on ethnic or religious affiliation is almost certain to be an oversimplification. Spiritual care designed to meet anything other than the patient's beliefs and needs is not meaningful for the patient.
All except which of the following problems stems from ethnocentric attitudes? a) Cultural congruence b) Stereotyping c) Stigmatization d) Prejudice
a) Cultural congruence Explanation: Cultural congruence refers to providing care that is consistent and inclusive of the cultural beliefs and values of a population. Prejudice is negative preconceived opinions about other people or groups based on hearsay, perception, or emotion. Stereotyping is believing that one member of a cultural group will display certain behaviors or hold certain attitudes simply because he or she is a member of that cultural group. Stigmatization is the attribution of negative characteristics or identity to one person or group, causing feelings of rejection and alienation and being ostracized from society
An elderly patient in the hospital has not had a bowel movement for three days and the nurse planned to give him a stool softener this morning. The patient declined the medication, however, stating that his wife will be bringing him a herbal medication later in the day that is often used by members of his ethnic group. Which of the following reactions demonstrates cultural care accommodation/negotiation? a) Documenting the patient's wishes and informing the patient's physician of what he will be taking b) Teaching the patient about the risks associated with nonstandard doses of herbal remedies c) Ensuring that the herbs are sent to the hospital pharmacy for clearance before he is allowed to take them d) Teaching the patient about the benefits of the medication that was ordered for him
a) Documenting the patient's wishes and informing the patient's physician of what he will be taking Explanation: In cultural care accommodation/negotiation, the nurse adapts nursing care to accommodate the client's beliefs or negotiate aspects of care that would require the client to change certain practices. Attempting to alter the patient's practice is associated with repatterning/restructuring, and confiscating the herbs is likely not a culturally congruent act, unless they were known to constitute a serious threat to health.
A nurse is aware that which of these represents a biochemical variation that may exist between clients of different cultures? a) Drug metabolism b) Motor development c) Risk for osteoporosis d) Skin cancer
a) Drug metabolism Explanation: Drug metabolism differences, lactose intolerance, and malaria-related conditions, such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Duffy blood group, are considered biochemical variations. Risks for osteoporosis and skin cancer are examples of a ethnic disease variation. Motor development appears to be related to both genetics and environment and is a developmental variation.
Asian and African American clients may require lower lithium doses due to lower concentrations of a plasma protein that is known to bind lithium. This phenomenon is an example of what? a) Ethnopharmacology b) Ethnicity in pharmacometabolism c) Pharmacotherapy with ethnic groups d) Metabopharmacology
a) Ethnopharmacology Explanation: Ethnopharmacology is an emerging field of science that explores the relationship of ethnicity to drug metabolism and drug effectiveness.
After many years of intravenous heroin use, Scott has been admitted to an inpatient treatment facility. An application of Leininger's theory of nursing would emphasize which of the following aspects of Scott's life? a) His culture b) His coping skills c) His awareness of needs d) His physiological state
a) His culture Explanation: Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality is based on the nurse's need to be aware of and sensitive to the cultural needs of clients. This consideration supersedes the importance of physical health, coping skills, or awareness of needs.
Researchers have found that when individuals are members of a minority group, they often experience all of the following except what? a) Integration b) Prejudice c) Cultural isolation d) Dislocation
a) Integration Explanation: Members of minority groups rarely feel integrated into the mainstream culture. Rather, they experience prejudice, dislocation and change, and cultural isolation more often than not.
Personal space and distance is a cultural perspective that can impact nurse-patient interactions. What is the best way for the nurse to interact physically with a patient who has a different cultural perspective on space and distance than their patient? a) Know the patient's cultural personal space preferences. b) Realize that sitting close to the patient is an indication of warmth and caring. c) Sit 3 to 6 feet away from the patient in an attempt to not offend. d) Remember not to intrude into the personal space of the elderly.
a) Know the patient's cultural personal space preferences. Explanation: When providing nursing care that involves physical contact, you should know the patient's cultural personal space preferences. Sitting close or too far away from the patient may be interpreted as offensive. Age is not necessarily a deciding factor in regards to a person's cultural practices.
A nurse is assigned to care for a client who does not speak English. Which action by the nurse would be most effective when providing care for this client? a) Requesting the assistance of a trained interpreter b) Enlisting the help of a family member who does speak English c) Using gestures and symbols to communicate with the client d) Asking another nurse colleague to help talk with the client
a) Requesting the assistance of a trained interpreter Explanation: The nurse assigned to care for a client who does not speak English should request a trained interpreter. Doing so is important because interpretation of behavior goes beyond the translation of words. Communicating with gestures and symbols may not give accurate and detailed information. Taking help from a bilingual family member is not advisable, because interpretation of behavior goes beyond translation of words. Much medical vocabulary and terminology is difficult to translate into other languages. Should the client's condition deteriorate, the emotional burden of responsibility could be overwhelming on someone close to the client. Requesting help from a nurse colleague is not feasible because the communication difficulties still remain.
A Native American client discusses cultural beliefs with the nurse providing his care. In order to best address the differences in beliefs regarding health care, the nurse will initially ... a) Think about how the client's beliefs are different from hers/his b) Provide the client with written information on traditional medical principles c) Research Native American healthcare beliefs d) Agree to disagree on medical practices and beliefs
a) Think about how the client's beliefs are different from hers/his Explanation: Culturally competent nursing care requires the health care provider to recognize and consider another's viewpoints as a health care provider. While researching Native American health care beliefs is appropriate, this is not the most effective initial intervention that fosters reflection and cooperation. Providing the client with written information reflects an attempt on the nurse's part to change the client's opinion but fails to foster reflection and cooperation. Agreeing to disagree does not encourage reflection or cooperation between the nurse and client.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, which of the following is true regarding changing demographics in America? a) There are fewer immigrants coming into the U.S. than ever before in American history. b) During the next 50 years, the number of Hispanics is projected to more than double in America. c) During the next 20 years, the minority population in America will be white. d) The number of Native Americans will more than double in the next 10 years.
b) During the next 50 years, the number of Hispanics is projected to more than double in America. Explanation: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of Hispanics, currently the second largest U.S. minority group, is projected to more than double during the next 50 years. At the same time, the number of white Americans is supposed to decrease by approximately 25%, whereas the number of African Americans should remain approximately the same. Furthermore, by that same time, the number of white Americans will be about the same as the combined number of all "minority" populations.
To best help preserve and maintain a client's cultural belief regarding the need for "hot foods" to effectively treat his medical condition, the nurse ... a) Asks for a dietary consult with an understanding of the "hot and cold food" belief b) Educates the staff to help them assist the client in selecting food choices from the client's menu that supports this belief c) Discusses the possibility of the family providing the appropriate foods d) Assures the client that these needs will be considered by the staff
b) Educates the staff to help them assist the client in selecting food choices from the client's menu that supports this belief Explanation: In cultural care preservation/maintenance, the nurse assists the client in maintaining health practices that are derived from membership in a certain ethnic group. The nurse helps the client select and obtain foods congruent with these beliefs most effectively through educating staff. This is not necessarily possible or even advised if there are medically required food restrictions.
When a nurse tells a coworker that an Asian client probably did not want any pain medication because "Asian women typically are stoic," the nurse is expressing a belief known as a) Ethnic slur b) Stereotype c) Bias d) Stigma
b) Stereotype Explanation: Stereotypes are preconceived and untested beliefs about people. Ethnic slur refers to a statement made about another according to their ethnicity; stigma refers to social disapproval; and bias refers to an inability to view someone or something without being objective.
A nurse is exhibiting ethnocentrism when a) Asking the family of a terminally ill Hispanic client to let the staff know when they intend to gather at the bedside to pray b) Explaining to the Jamaican client with acute renal failure that his family must check with the staff before providing him with ethnic foods and beverages c) Discouraging an Asian client reporting knee joint pain from arranging for an acupuncture treatment d) Sharing with the Asian client recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI) that there are facility policies against the use of candles at the bedside
c) Discouraging an Asian client reporting knee joint pain from arranging for an acupuncture treatment Explanation: Ethnocentrism, or the tendency to believe that one's own way of thinking, believing, and behaving is superior to that of others, is a barrier to the delivery of culturally sensitive nursing care. Ethnocentrism is not a result of the nurse's attempt to accommodate the family's need for space and privacy. Ethnocentrism does not involve interventions that clearly represent a safety issue. Ethnocentrism does not involve situations in which a client's health is impacted by the foods and beverages ingested.
An elderly patient in the hospital has not had a bowel movement for three days and the nurse planned to give him a stool softener this morning. The patient declined the medication, however, stating that his wife will be bringing him a herbal medication later in the day that is often used by members of his ethnic group. Which of the following reactions demonstrates cultural care accommodation/negotiation? a) Teaching the patient about the risks associated with nonstandard doses of herbal remedies b) Ensuring that the herbs are sent to the hospital pharmacy for clearance before he is allowed to take them c) Documenting the patient's wishes and informing the patient's physician of what he will be taking d) Teaching the patient about the benefits of the medication that was ordered for him
c) Documenting the patient's wishes and informing the patient's physician of what he will be taking Explanation: In cultural care accommodation/negotiation, the nurse adapts nursing care to accommodate the client's beliefs or negotiate aspects of care that would require the client to change certain practices. Attempting to alter the patient's practice is associated with repatterning/restructuring, and confiscating the herbs is likely not a culturally congruent act, unless they were known to constitute a serious threat to health.
Mrs. Nguyen immigrated to the United States 2 years ago, but she is not yet able to understand or speak English. Which of the following practices should then a nurse follow when obtaining translation for Mrs. Nguyen into Vietnamese? a) Provide written material to supplement an explanation in simple English. b) Determine whether it is possible to complete Mrs. Nguyen's treatment without having to communicate directly with her. c) Enlist the services of a hospital translator. d) Have Mrs. Nguyen's niece, aged 9 years, translate the nurse's assessment.
c) Enlist the services of a hospital translator. Explanation: Clients who are non-English speaking or who have difficulty with English require a translator or interpreter. A child is not an appropriate family member to use as a translator, and it would be inappropriate to carry out treatment without any explanation in the client's language. Written instructions are inappropriate and ineffective if the client does not speak English.
According to Purnell's Model of Cultural Competence, which of the following would not be included as a primary cultural characteristic? a) Age b) Race c) Occupation d) Color
c) Occupation Explanation: Primary characteristics include age, nationality, race, color, gender, and religion. Secondary characteristics include educational and socioeconomic status, occupation, military status, political beliefs, and residential status.
What would a culturally competent nurse know that some cultural and ethnic groups feel that mental illness is caused by? a) Pretense b) Fate c) Possession d) The stars
c) Possession Explanation: Some cultural beliefs conclude that mental symptoms are related to witchcraft, possession, spirit, or substance abuse and can be eliminated by remedies such as folk customs of healing arts, forms of magic, traditional medicines, and herbs.
When an Arabic client newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes is insistent that her family provide all her food, the nurse initially a) Requests a dietary consultation with a dietitian familiar with the Arab culture b) Informs the client's primary care provider of the client's reluctance to eat facility prepared foods c) Explains to the family that they must check with the staff before giving their mother food and beverages d) Provides the client and her family with detailed instruction with the dietary requirements of the condition
d) Provides the client and her family with detailed instruction with the dietary requirements of the condition Explanation: The nurse provides culturally congruent nursing care so that the client's cultural perspective is preserved or maintained and negotiates with the client when changing the client's practices is necessary for health. While not inappropriate, explaining to the family to check with staff is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario. Requesting a dietary consultation may not be realistic but even if possible, it is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario. While informing the primary care provider is not inappropriate, it is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario.
Susan makes certain that her client Maria, who is Hispanic, is able to attend Mass each Sunday morning in the hospital chapel. Maria had asked Susan to help her get to Mass. This is an example of ... a) favoritism among clients on the unit in which Susan works. b) differential treatment based on religious beliefs. c) ethnocentrism because Susan is also Catholic. d) culturally competent health care.
d) culturally competent health care. Explanation: Cultural competence involves incorporating cultural beliefs into healthcare. It encompasses skills, both academic and interpersonal, to understand and appreciate cultural differences and similarities within, between, and among groups to meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of an individual.
The delivery of culturally competent nursing care incorporates the concept of ... a) ethnocentrism into the delivery of care. b) recognizing that the health care system is void of culture and cultural imposition must occur. c) challenging the beliefs and values of patients from diverse cultures. d) planning and implementing care in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups from diverse cultural populations.
d) planning and implementing care in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups from diverse cultural populations. Explanation: Providing culturally competent nursing care means that care is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups from diverse cultural populations within society. To provide culturally competent care, the nurse must be aware that the health care system itself is a culture and that cultural imposition and ethnocentrism must be avoided.
The nurse should have an understanding of the need to avoid stereotyping when stating a) "Some depressed individuals experience sleep disorders." b) "Typically, male clients are initially diagnosed with schizophrenia by 25 years of age." c) "Hallucinating clients are potentially dangerous to themselves and others." d) "Teenage girls are at high risk of eating disorders."
a) "Some depressed individuals experience sleep disorders." Explanation: To avoid stereotyping, the nurse must remember that each individual is unique and has a unique heritage that differs not only from other groups but also from others within one's own subgroup. Therefore, the use of the word "some" is important when referring to a particular subculture or ethnic group. Option B stereotypes the characteristics of the male with schizophrenia. Option C stereotypes the behaviors of psychotic clients. Option D stereotypes the risk factors of teenage girls.
When performing a cultural assessment on a client from another country, what can a nurse do to ensure the client receives culturally sensitive care? a) Develop a plan of care after talking to the client's family. b) Develop a plan of care based on the nurse's own knowledge of a client's culture. c) Show genuine interest in the client's culture and personal life experiences. d) After the focused assessment, decide if a cultural assessment is necessary.
c) Show genuine interest in the client's culture and personal life experiences. Explanation: Leininger suggests that the attributes and behaviors of a nurse practicing effective care within the client's cultural context include genuine interest in a client's culture and personal life experiences. They do not include developing a plan of care after talking with the patient's family, developing a plan of care based on the nurse's knowledge of the patient's culture, or deciding after the focused assessment if a cultural assessment is necessary.
Which of the following ethnic groups is considered to be the least sociocentric? a) Asian b) European American c) Hispanic d) African
b) European American Explanation: European American middle-class culture is primarily individualistic, emphasizing freedom of choice and personal responsibility. However, Hispanic, Asian, and African traditions are more sociocentric, emphasizing balance and cooperation over individualistic concerns.
When accommodating a client's culturally based need, a nurse would a) Check with the pharmacist concerning possible drug interactions between her prescribed drugs and a cultural herb remedy b) Notify her primary health provider that the client is anxious about the medication she's been prescribed c) Be careful to refrigerate the soup the family has brought for the client's lunch tomorrow d) Educate the client to the dangers of drinking large amounts of a high sodium ritual drink
a) Check with the pharmacist concerning possible drug interactions between her prescribed drugs and a cultural herb remedy Explanation: In cultural care accommodation/negotiation, the nurse adapts nursing care to accommodate the client's beliefs or negotiate aspects of care that would require the client to change certain practices. While appropriate, options B, C, and D are not focused toward accommodation of a culturally held need.
When accommodating a client's culturally based need, a nurse would a) Check with the pharmacist concerning possible drug interactions between her prescribed drugs and a cultural herb remedy b) Notify her primary health provider that the client is anxious about the medication she's been prescribed c) Be careful to refrigerate the soup the family has brought for the client's lunch tomorrow d) Educate the client to the dangers of drinking large amounts of a high sodium ritual drink
a) Check with the pharmacist concerning possible drug interactions between her prescribed drugs and a cultural herb remedy Explanation: In cultural care accommodation/negotiation, the nurse adapts nursing care to accommodate the client's beliefs or negotiate aspects of care that would require the client to change certain practices. While appropriate, options B, C, and D are not focused toward accommodation of a culturally held need
While working on the unit, a nurse overhears another nurse colleague talking with several staff members about a client who is of Asian descent. During the conversation, the nurse says, "Asians are always so intelligent." The observing nurse interprets this statement as which of the following? a) Stereotyping b) Cultural diversity c) Culture shock d) Racism
a) Stereotyping Explanation: The nurse's statement reflects stereotyping, or assigning people to specific categories because of their race, culture, or ethnic emblems. It involves preconceived and untested beliefs about people. Culture shock refers to a stress syndrome that occurs when the culture one has learned differs from the culture in one's environment. Racism uses skin color as the primary indicator of social value. Cultural diversity refers to the plurality of ideas and options for behavior to which people are exposed, adding to the texture and complexity of the society's human resources and potential for well-being and achievement as well as for tension and conflict.
A client who recently immigrated from Eastern Europe comes to the clinic for an evaluation. During the assessment, the nurse notes that the client has adopted the local area's mannerisms and dress. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? a) Cultural competence b) Acculturation c) Linguistic competence d) Cultural identity
b) Acculturation Explanation: The client is exhibiting acculturation, the socialization process by which minority groups learn and adopt selective aspects of the dominant culture. Cultural identity refers to the set of cultural believes with which one looks for standards of behavior. Linguistic competence is the capacity to communicate effectively and convey information that is easily understood by diverse audiences. Cultural competence is a set of skills that respect and respond to the health beliefs, practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse clients to bring about positive health care outcomes.
Which of the following are factors that could be part of a person's cultural identity? (Select all that apply.) a) Common stressors b) Common family customs c) Gender d) Common language e) Adaptive resources
b) Common family customs c) Gender d) Common language Explanation: Cultural identity may include a common language, family customs, country of origin, religious and political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, and an established culture within the geographic locale where the group resides. Factors related to the group to which one belongs also affect how people relate to one another. Behavior often mirrors that of the group and changes as that of the shared culture changes.
What is one way in which nurses can develop cultural self-awareness? a) Ask peers and colleagues about practicing cultural competence. b) Objectively examine own beliefs, values, and practices. c) Realize nothing can be done to change one's values and beliefs. d) Assert to others that personal biases cannot be changed.
b) Objectively examine own beliefs, values, and practices. Explanation: Nurses can develop cultural self-awareness by becoming aware of the role of cultural influences in their own lives; objectively examining their own beliefs, values, and practices; and identifying and reflecting on personal biases.
When an Arabic client newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes is insistent that her family provide all her food, the nurse initially a) Requests a dietary consultation with a dietitian familiar with the Arab culture b) Explains to the family that they must check with the staff before giving their mother food and beverages c) Provides the client and her family with detailed instruction with the dietary requirements of the condition d) Informs the client's primary care provider of the client's reluctance to eat facility prepared foods
c) Provides the client and her family with detailed instruction with the dietary requirements of the condition Explanation: The nurse provides culturally congruent nursing care so that the client's cultural perspective is preserved or maintained and negotiates with the client when changing the client's practices is necessary for health. While not inappropriate, explaining to the family to check with staff is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario. Requesting a dietary consultation may not be realistic but even if possible, it is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario. While informing the primary care provider is not inappropriate, it is not the initial nursing intervention for this scenario.
All except which of the following are considered traditional healers? a) Curandera b) Brujas c) Sezuadora d) Sobadoras
c) Sezuadora Explanation: Traditional healers include curanderas (female folk healers believed to be chosen by God), herbalists, sobadoras (female healers who use massage and manipulation), brujos (male witches), and brujas (female witches).
Mr. Sangha emigrated from India 20 years ago and sponsored his father and mother to come to the United States 14 years ago. One of Mr. Sangha's major stressors is liaising between his children, who have become "Americanized," and his parents, who have been minimally influenced by American culture. What term best describes this process of cultural change and adaptation? a) Cultural shift b) Transculturalization c) Ethnodynamism d) Acculturation
d) Acculturation Explanation: Acculturation is described as the ways in which individuals and cultural groups adapt and change over time.
A nurse who provides care in a large, inner-city hospital is aware of the large influence of culture on health. The nurse recognizes that culture is best understood as a shared system that encompasses which of the following? a) Health behaviors, roles, and priorities b) Knowledge, skills, and norms c) Dress, relationships, and diet d) Beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations
d) Beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations Explanation: Culture is defined in many ways, but at the broadest level, it can be understood to be a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide social structure for daily living. These beliefs, values, and expectations frequently direct other aspects of an individual's life such as thinking, behavior, dress, and diet, but these are not the central components of the concept of culture.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists and their application to psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which theorist as responsible for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality? a) Dorothea Orem b) Hildegard Peplau c) Sister Calista Roy d) Madeleine Leininger
d) Madeleine Leininger Explanation: The nurse-anthropologist who developed the theory of cultural care diversity and universality is Madeleine Leininger. Calista Roy developed an adaptation model. Peplau focused on the nurse-patient relationship and emphasized the power of empathy. Orem developed the self-care deficit nursing theory.
A nurse is aware that members of a particular ethnic group discard the antibody-rich colostrum that a woman produces in the hours and days following the delivery of a baby. Which of the nurse's following actions would demonstrate Leininger's culturally congruent nursing care mode of cultural care repatterning/restructuring? a) Providing commercial infant formula until the woman wishes to begin breastfeeding b) Advocating for the utilization of this practice among women of other cultures c) Ensuring that the other nurses are aware of these women's practices around breastfeeding d) Teaching women from this group about the nutritional and immunological benefits of colostrum
d) Teaching women from this group about the nutritional and immunological benefits of colostrum Explanation: In cultural care repatterning/restructuring, the nurse educates the client to change practices that are not conducive to health. Accommodating the practice or advocating its spread does not exemplify repatterning/restructuring.
The mental health nurse is interviewing a client of Asian descent regarding his health care practices. The nurse understands that cultural competence is important in the care of this client. Cultural competence in health care can be best described as what? a) Striving to achieve the ability to work within the cultural context of an individual or community from a diverse cultural or ethnic background b) The client's ability to tell the health care provider about his or her cultural beliefs and practices c) Knowing the characteristics of each individual cultural group in America d) A combination of a person's beliefs about cultural values and knowledge about his or her own culture
a) Striving to achieve the ability to work within the cultural context of an individual or community from a diverse cultural or ethnic background Explanation: Cultural competence involves the desire and attempt by health care workers to learn about and work within the cultural context of the client from a diverse cultural or ethnic background.
A nurse in a large metropolitan city enjoys working in a health clinic that primarily serves Hispanic clients. What does this statement imply about the nurse? a) The nurse respects and values providing culturally competent care. b) The nurse's knowledge and skills are not adequate to care for clients with acute illnesses. c) The nurse is attempting to overcome cultural blindness. d) This employment makes the nurse feel superior to a minority group of people.
a) The nurse respects and values providing culturally competent care. Explanation: The nurse who recognizes and respects cultural diversity has cultural sensitivity, avoids cultural imposition and ethnocentrism, and provides nursing care that accepts the significance of cultural factors in health and illness.
The nurse is providing care for a client of Chinese descent who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of depression. It has become clear during the client's time of stay in the hospital that the client and his family understand his illness and treatment options in a way that is informed by their culture. Which of the following nursing theorists prioritizes the role of culture in assessment and care? a) Parse b) Leininger c) Roy d) Orem
b) Leininger Explanation: Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality states that caring is universal and varies transculturally. It is based on the nurse's need to be aware of and sensitive to the cultural needs of clients.
The mental health nurse is interviewing a client of Asian descent regarding his health care practices. The nurse understands that cultural competence is important in the care of this client. Cultural competence in health care can be best described as what? a) Knowing the characteristics of each individual cultural group in America b) The client's ability to tell the health care provider about his or her cultural beliefs and practices c) Striving to achieve the ability to work within the cultural context of an individual or community from a diverse cultural or ethnic background d) A combination of a person's beliefs about cultural values and knowledge about his or her own culture
c) Striving to achieve the ability to work within the cultural context of an individual or community from a diverse cultural or ethnic background Explanation: Cultural competence involves the desire and attempt by health care workers to learn about and work within the cultural context of the client from a diverse cultural or ethnic background.
Flexibility is a critical skill for nurses in providing culturally competent care. In this context, flexibility means a) the nurse knows major concepts about each cultural group and how their cultural beliefs affect attitudes toward mental healthcare. b) the nurse can educate her client from any cultural group in a way that conforms to that client's cultural beliefs. c) the nurse can change his or her expectations, norms, and stereotypes and try out new behaviors. d) the nurse can move from one client to another and understand that particular client's cultural values and beliefs immediately.
c) the nurse can change his or her expectations, norms, and stereotypes and try out new behaviors. Explanation: Cultural congruence requires willing inclusion of values outside the nurse's personal or professional plans. In culturally congruent mental healthcare, providers integrate the client's value system, life experiences, and expectations about treatment into the therapeutic process, even when the client is not fully aware that it is happening
In the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' published recommendations for providing culturally congruent healthcare services, all but which of the following are included? a) Develop skills based on values to develop culturally congruent services b) Distinguish between cultural identification and the culture of poverty c) Reach consensus regarding terminology d) Develop service subunits that are specific to each cultural group served
d) Develop service subunits that are specific to each cultural group served Explanation: Culturally congruent healthcare services need to reach consensus regarding terminology (eg, correctly referencing groups as Southeast Asians, Native Americans), distinguish between cultural identification and the culture of poverty, distinguish between subgroups within each culture, and develop skills based on values to develop culturally congruent services.
A Hispanic man employed as a sales representative goes into a local department store to pick up a gift for his wife. As he walks around the store, the security guard appraises the man's race, comes up to him, and says, "You need to leave the store because of your suspicious behavior." This is an example of a) Prejudice b) Dislocation c) Cultural isolation d) Discrimination
d) Discrimination Explanation: Discrimination occurs when there is treatment or consideration that is based on class or category rather than on individual merit. In this case, the man has been treated differently (asked to leave) based on his race, because there is no other defining characteristic or behavior that he is exhibiting that would lead to his expulsion from the store.
The statement, "Your 2-year-old daughter must be taught to speak English or she will not be able to succeed in school" is an example of a) stigmatization. b) prejudice. c) stereotyping. d) assimilation.
d) assimilation. Explanation: Assimilation refers to the expectation for immigrants and minority groups to become like the majority culture. Stereotyping is believing that one member of a cultural group will display certain behaviors or hold certain attitudes simply because he or she is a member of that cultural group. Prejudice is negative preconceived opinions about other people or groups based on hearsay, perception, or emotion. Stigmatization is the attribution of negative characteristics or identity to one person or group, causing feelings of rejection and alienation and being ostracized from society.
