PrepU Metabolism

A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which observation should the nurse report to the physician immediately?

An irregular apical pulse

The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver and observes that the patient is having hand-flapping tremors. What does the nurse document this finding as?

Asterixis

A mother and grandmother bring a 2-month-old infant to the clinic for a routine checkup. As the nurse weighs the infant, the grandmother asks, "Shouldn't the baby start eating solid food? My kids started on cereal when they were 2 weeks old." Which response by the nurse would be appropriate?

"Babies can't digest solid food properly until they're 3 or 4 months old."

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes. Which client statement reflects that nursing teaching has been effective?

"I will eat a meal within a half hour of taking my morning insulin."

A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?

"Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."

A 13-year-old adolescent with hyperthyroidism who takes antithyroid medication has a sore throat and a fever. The parent calls the nurse and asks what to do. Which is the best response from the nurse?

"Please take your child straight to the emergency department."

Which client is expected to retain anesthetic agents longest?

A client who is 5 feet 1 inch (155 cm) tall and weighs 200 lb (90.7 kg)

A client is experiencing septic shock and infrequent bowel sounds. To ensure adequate nutrition, the nurse administers

A continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis has been brought into the ED. Which intervention is not a goal in the initial medical treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Administer glucose.

A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which gland?

Adrenal cortex

Which of the following hormones controls secretion of adrenal androgens?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland is the treatment of choice for thyroid cancer. During the immediate postoperative period, the nurse knows to evaluate serum levels of __________ to assess for a serious and primary postoperative complication of thyroidectomy.

Calcium

All of the following disease processes are caused by stress except which one?

Deep vein thrombosis

A nurse who works in a clinic sees many patients with a variety of medical conditions. The nurse understands that a risk factor for UTIs is which of the following?

Diabetes mellitus

When teaching a client with bulimia nervosa about possible complications, which condition should the nurse emphasize?

Diabetes mellitus

Which of the following endocrine disorder causes the patient to have dilutional hyponatremia? You Selected:

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an exacerbation of gout. When providing instruction, which dietary modifications are stressed? Select all that apply.

Eat a low-purine diet. Limit alcohol intake.

More patients experience hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism.

False

Which would a nurse expect to assess in a client experiencing hyperthyroidism?

Flushed, warm skin

The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had an over secretion of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?

Gigantism

What is the most common reason for an elevated cholesterol level in a client who does not have a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism?

His dietary intake of saturated fat

What is the term for an adaptation to environmental stress that occurs when tissue mass enlarges due to cell multiplication and increased stimulation?

Hyperplasia

Which is a metabolic cause of delirium?

Hypoglycemia

A client with acromegaly has been given the option of a surgical approach or a medical approach. The client decides to have a surgical procedure to remove the pituitary gland. What does the nurse understand this surgical procedure is called?

Hypophysectomy

Which of the following is inconsistent as a condition related to metabolic syndrome?

Hypotension

Which of the following would be inconsistent as a component of metabolic syndrome?

Hypotension

A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces:

T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.

The nurse assesses a patient who has an obvious goiter. What type of deficiency does the nurse recognize is most likely the cause of this?

Iodine

The nurse is describing the action of insulin in the body to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse explain as being the primary action?

It enhances transport of glucose across the cell wall.

A 30-year-old janitor from Russia tells the nurse in the clinic that he drinks a fifth of vodka daily and that he's had a recent weight gain of 3 lb (1.35 kg) in 3 days. Further questioning by the nurse reveals that he was an intravenous drug user in the past but is now "clean." His sclerae and skin have a yellowish tinge, and he has a large abdominal girth. Which assessment finding supports the nurse's conclusion that the client has liver dysfunction?

Jaundice

A nurse has just administered a drug to a child. Which organ is most responsible for drug excretion in children?

Kidneys

The nurse is assessing a child for an underactive thyroid gland. Which assessment technique would the nurse use?

Palpation

What is the name of the process by which a drug moves through the body and is eventually eliminated?

Pharmacokinetics

The nurse is caring for Nancy, a 45-year-old client with diabetes mellitus. She has severe neuropathy and consequently has little or no feeling in her feet and lower legs. The nurse includes which nursing interventions in the care plan related to this lack of tactile sensation? Select all that apply.

Protect skin from temperature extremes. Perform frequent, thorough skin assessments. Educate client to never go barefoot. Assess for shoe type and correct fit.

A nurse is teaching a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to self-inject insulin. Which method should she recommend to the child for regular doses?

Subcutaneously in the outer thigh

Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers are metabolized in the serum.

True

A child with a history of diabetes insipidus has been taking vasopressin. The parents bring the child to the clinic for an evaluation. During the visit, the parents mention that it seems like their son is hardly urinating. The nurse suspects syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. What findings would the nurse expect to find to help confirm this condition? Select all that apply.

Urine specific gravity 1.033 Decreased serum sodium level

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Vasopressin

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR?

a client who has a fever

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory order for a client suspected of having an endocrine disorder. The lab slip includes obtaining cortisol levels. What is being tested?

adrenal function

A 42-year-old female is interested in making dietary changes to reduce her risk of colon cancer. What dietary selections should the nurse suggest?

bran muffin, skim milk, stir-fried broccoli

Which foods would the nurse teach the parents of a child with phenylketonuria (PKU) to avoid? Select all that apply.

hamburger hot dog ice cream

Which change in insulin is most likely to occur in a woman during pregnancy?

less effective than normal

A 7-year-old is diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes. One of the first symptoms usually noticed by parents when this illness develops is:

loss of weight.

The nurse should teach the client with chronic pancreatitis to monitor the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy by:

observing stools for steatorrhea

A postmenopausal woman is administered estradiol for the purpose of preventing which condition?

osteoporosis

Which factor accounts for the increased risk for drug reactions among clients aged 65 years and older?

physiologic changes affecting all pharmacokinetic processes

The mother of a toddler diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia asks what foods she should give her child. The nurse should evaluate the teaching as successful when the mother later reports that she feeds the toddler which foods?

raisins, chicken, and spinach

The nurse is evaluating a child's skills in self-administering insulin (see figure). The nurse should:

remind the child to rotate sites.

A 10-year-old boy has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. He is curious about what the cause of his disease is and asks the nurse to explain it to him. What explanation is best?

"Special cells in a part of your body called the pancreas can't make a chemical called insulin, which helps control the sugar level in your blood."

A client is diagnosed with gout. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? Select all that apply.

Liver Cod Sardines

When performing a physical examination on a client with cirrhosis, a nurse notices that the client's abdomen is enlarged. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider?

Measure abdominal girth according to a set routine.

A painter who recently fractured his tibia worries about his finances because he can't work. To treat his anxiety, his physician orders buspirone, 5 mg by mouth three times per day. Which drugs interact with buspirone?

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

A client is receiving a thyroid hormone to treat hypothyroidism. Which would indicate to the nurse that the client needs a reduced dosage of the drug?

Tachycardia

A nurse is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication?

Tetany

A client is scheduled for a diagnostic test to measure blood hormone levels. The nurse expects that this test will determine which of the following?

The functioning of endocrine glands

A nurse is assigned to care for a newborn with hyperbilirubinemia. The newborn is relatively large in size and shows signs of listlessness. What most likely occurred?

The infant's mother probably had diabetes.

The nurse observes that a client's medical report indicates that the client has Cushing syndrome. During inspection, the nurse notes that the client's BMI is 31, waist circumference is 40 inches, and localized fat pads exist around the neck and upper part of the back. Which of the following must the nurse keep in mind while planning the client's care?

The nurse recognizes that the client's obesity may be specifically related to the endocrine disorder. The nurse performs a thorough nutritional assessment.

Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary and pancreatic dysfunction, usually appears in young children but can also affect adults. If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system?

duodenum