PrepU Quizzes Set #6

A mother, 13 years of age, delivers a low-birth-weight neonate. The neonate is transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The mother reports receiving occasional prenatal care and has a history of excessive alcohol consumption. The growth and development of this neonate has been influenced by which of the following?

Prenatal factors

A nursing student is visiting a day care to observe growth and development in action. The nursing student completes screening assessments on preschoolers who are learning to feed, dress, and toilet themselves, as well as expanding their motor and verbal abilities. According to Piaget, in what development stage are they?

Preoperational

A nurse is assessing a client with stress-related problems. Which factor influences responses to stressors?

social support

A middle-age woman's father has passed away, and her mother requires physical and emotional help due to disabilities. The woman is married and raising two children, along with working full time. All of the factors described are:

stressors.

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 2 1/2-year-old girl. To foster the development of autonomy, which instruction would the nurse include?

"Encourage the child to dress herself."

According to Freud's theory, what factor is concerned with self-gratification?

Id

A nurse is reviewing the stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Place the key elements of the stages listed below in the order in which they would occur that would the demonstrate the nurse's understanding of this theory.

1. Punishment and obedience 2. Instrumental-relativist 3. Interpersonal concordance 4. Law and order 5. Social contract 6. Universal ethical principle

A nurse is talking with the parents of an 8-year-old who was admitted to the pediatric unit for treatment of an asthma exacerbation. Which suggestion would be most appropriate for a nurse to give to the parents to foster industry?

"Be sure to congratulate him on his accomplishments."

A Red Cross volunteer has recently returned from assisting families in the Northwest who survived a devastating forest fire. She is having trouble sleeping and has taken up smoking again. Which statement by her leads the nurse to suspect a nursing diagnosis of Caregiver Role Strain related to stress from disaster volunteer activities?

"I can't seem to calm down. I keep seeing those faces and hearing their words every time I close my eyes."

A mother tells the school nurse that her 5-year-old is refusing to go to school and won't accept a "school night" bedtime. The school nurse knows the mother will need more instruction when the mother makes which statement?

"I don't know why he is acting like this. He hasn't had anyone to play with but his little brother all summer."

A client presents with a flare of lupus. Which statement made by the client would cause the nurse to suspect a stress reaction?

"I just had an infant 3 weeks ago."

The emergency department nurse suspects that an older adult client who fell and broke her hip is using a defense mechanism when the client states:

"They must have given me the wrong medication at the drug store. I don't have trouble with my eyesight."

A client who is recently divorced reports sleeping during the day and an inability to adapt to the life change. Which teaching by the nurse will promote healthy adaptation?

"Try making a list to prioritize what needs to be done."

A nurse is preparing to assess an adult client's growth and development. When conducting this assessment, which information would be most important for the nurse to integrate? Select all that apply. - Each client is a unique individual. - Regression may occur during a crisis period. - Environmental influences play a limited role in development. - Achievement of specific tasks signifies the end of the stage. - A time of transition typically occurs with each stage.

- Each client is a unique individual. - Regression may occur during a crisis period. - A time of transition typically occurs with each stage.

Donald, a newly graduated nurse, is working in a pediatric clinic. Today he sees Karen, a 1-month-old infant, and her single mother. The mother is estranged from Karen's father but is marrying her high school sweetheart next week. Donald remembers from nursing school that which of the following will affect an infant's growth and development? Choose all that apply. - Genetics of mother - Environment of infant - Father's gender identity - Mother's gender identity - Mother's prenatal nutrition

- Genetics of mother - Environment of infant - Mother's prenatal nutrition

A nurse is conducting an in-service education program for a group of nurses transitioning to the pediatric unit of the facility. The nurse is describing the various theories of growth and development. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies the stages of cognitive development by Piaget. Place the stages listed below in the correct sequence from first to last that would demonstrate the group's learning.

1. Sensorimotor 2. Pre-operational 3. Concrete operational 4. Formal operational

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several children who come to the health center for care. When applying Piaget's theory, which child would the nurse anticipate as being able to think abstractly and use deductive reasoning?

13-year-old

A nurse is providing care to several children at the local clinic. When assessing each child, in which child would the nurse expect to find the ability to think abstractly and use deductive reasoning?

13-year-old female

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client does the nurse identify as the highest risk for social readjustment concerns?

77-year-old whose spouse just died

Which response to stressors results from the activation of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?

A girl quickly withdraws her hand from a stream of hot tap water.

When nurses become overwhelmed in their jobs and develop symptoms of anxiety and stress, they are experiencing what condition?

Burnout

During a health history, a middle-aged man tells the nurse, "I will always take care of my children because my parents took care of me." Based on Kohlberg's theory, what level of moral development is the man demonstrating?

Conventional

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client in labor. Which intervention will the nurse initiate to assist the client in managing her stress?

Deep breathing

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long term care facility. The resident is reminiscing about his life and his achievements. The nurse understands the client is in which of the following stages of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory?

Ego Integrity

An older adult has come to the clinic for a follow up visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I've really had a good life. I've been successful in my work and I have a wonderful family. My grandchildren bring me so much joy." The nurse interprets this statement as indicating achievement of which developmental task?

Ego integrity

A client tells the nurse about feeling depressed and low. Further assessment reveals that the client has difficulty verbalizing his feelings and needs, often feeling manipulated by others. Which action would the nurse suggest to the client to help relieve stress?

Enroll in a class or workshop in assertiveness training.

A nurse is observing interactions between a new mother and her newborn. The nurse observes the mother not responding to her newborn's cries. Which of the following growth and development theories does the nurse understand this observation addresses?

Erik Erikson's Trust vs Mistrust stage

Which developmental theorist created the psychosocial theory of development?

Erikson

A nurse observes individuals who are volunteering in a community free health clinic. Which of the following stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory describes these individuals?

Generativity vs stagnation

What are the two factors that drive growth and development?

Genetics and enviroment

A nurse is searching the Internet for information about theorists associated with moral development. The search reveals several theorists. Which result would the nurse identify as being associated with women and morality?

Gilligan

The nurse is seeing 6-year-old Patrick in the clinic. As the nurse is measuring height and weight for Patrick, his mother comments on how much he has grown since his last checkup. The nurse knows that this increase in size is which of the following?

Growth

The parents of a 4-year-old girl bring the child to the clinic for the first time. During the assessment, the nurse asks the parents about any religious beliefs. The parents tell the nurse that they are Christian. The mother says, "We take her to church with us. She's really well-behaved. She even tries to imitate what we do, standing, kneeling, folding her hands, and such." The nurse interprets this behavior as reflecting which stage of faith development?

Intuitive-project faith

The school nurse is teaching growth and development in a health class. What should the nurse teach the students about development?

It is the process of ongoing change

A boy 8 years of age is looking at his father's razor and shaving cream in the bathroom medicine cabinet. He watches his father shave daily and asks his father when he will need to start shaving. This child is demonstrating characteristics common during which of Freud's psychoanalytic developmental stages?

Latency stage

A nurse is working with young adults and assessing their moral development. The nurse relates which of the following theorists who developed the Theory of Moral Development?

Lawrence Kohlberg

A client is using prayer to assist in relieving stress. How would the nurse respond when entering the room to administer medication?

Leave and allow the client to continue for as long as needed.

The nurse is counseling a woman who states: "I'm never going to find a husband; every time I start dating I end up getting hurt. I'm not even going to try anymore." This woman is in what stage of Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development?

Level 1- selfishness

A school nurse is talking with an adolescent related to school and home situations. The adolescent states, "I can't focus when I study, can't eat or sleep, and I feel like I'm going to pass out sometimes." The nurse believes the adolescent is experiencing which disorder?

Moderate anxiety response

According to Kohlberg, which of the following considerations is central to human development?

Morality

As a nursing student is visiting a day care to observe growth and development in action. The nursing student completes assessments on infants and toddlers who are learning to walk, talk, and control elimination. According to Freud, in what developmental stage are they?

Oral; anal

A student nurse is enrolled in a growth and development class. Which of the following Freudian stages should the student nurse recognize in a child with an increase in gender difference awareness?

Phallic Stage

The nurse is seeing a male client 6 years of age in the clinic. As the nurse is measuring height and weight for the client, his mother comments on how coordinated he is becoming. The nurse knows that this increase in coordination is which of the following?

Related to development

A client with cancer has recovered from tumor removal surgery and is now stable while undergoing a chemotherapy treatment schedule. She is not having any symptoms at this time and is continuing to work and enjoy social events. What stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) would the nurse place her in?

Resistance

The nurse is assessing a client who was involved in a neighborhood shooting. The client's vital signs show that his body is attempting to adapt to the stressor. What stage of the general adaptation syndrome is this client experiencing?

Resistance

A client who has been working with an organization for several years did not get a promotion. As a result, the client has gone into depression. Which suggestion should the nurse make in order to help the client with his stress?

Seek professional help.

A nurse is observing a child pick up a rattler and shake it to hear a sound. The nurse understands that the child is considered to be in which of the following of Piaget's Cognitive Development stages?

Sensorimotor stage

According to Freud, which of the following influences is the primary force that drives an individual's development?

Sexuality

As the nurse is preparing an immunization for a male client 2 years of age, his mother discovers that he has soiled his underpants. She scolds him and calls him a "bad boy" because he "dirtied" his underwear. The nurse gives the immunization and provides some education to the mother about appropriate expectations for this age group. The nurse knows that according to Erikson's theory for this client's age group, he is at risk to develop which of the following?

Shame and doubt

A nurse is meeting with a young woman who has recently lost her mother, lost her job, and moved with her husband to a new city. She is reporting acute anxiety and depression. What does the nurse know about stress that would be helpful with this client's situation?

Sometimes too many stressors disrupt homeostasis, and if adaptation fails, the result is disease.

A nurse is teaching parents of preschoolers about growth and development of their children. Which teaching point would the nurse include?

The pace of growth and development is specific for each person.

A client is discussing stressors with the nurse and is describing how she feels better when she takes a brisk walk. The client's action is an example of:

adaptation.

Which stressor collected during the assessment process for an adult client requires priority intervention by the nurse?

being laid off from a job

Family conflict around the care of a recently hospitalized woman has escalated to the point that crisis intervention may be required. This process should begin with:

clear identification of the relevant problem.

The nurse involved in coordinating a support group for spinal cord injury clients learns that one of the participants in the support group was a college athlete prior to his diving accident. The client informs the group that he earned a scholarship based upon his athletic abilities and not his academic performance, and after the injury, he focused his energies on his studies. He has been on the dean's list for two semesters. What defense mechanism is illustrated in this scenario?

compensation

A parent has inadvertently locked the keys in her car with the infant strapped in the car seat. In a panic, the parent summons help from a locksmith. What type of reaction is the parent having?

coping

A client who responds to bad news concerning laboratory results by crying uncontrollably is handling stress by using:

coping mechanism.

An occupational health nurse at an oil refinery on the Gulf Coast of Texas performs client education with an adult client. The client is being seen after having suffering a chemical burn in an accident at the refinery. Which type of stressor has this client been exposed to?

physiologic

A nurse is providing care for client who experienced a stroke. Which nursing intervention reflects the tertiary level of prevention?

provide care transition at discharge for speech therapy

The nurse is assessing a 15-year-old who was involved in a fight at school. Which client statements would the nurse see as evidence that this child is delayed in Erickson's developmental stages? Select all that apply. - "I do not trust anyone." - "I am not good at anything." - "I want to decide what I do with my life." - "I really don't have many friends, nobody likes me." - "I am strong and I want to protect people."

- "I do not trust anyone." - "I am not good at anything." - "I really don't have many friends, nobody likes me."

An adolescent client is brought to the clinic by the parents, who inform the nurse that they are concerned that the adolescent is using maladaptive coping mechanisms to deal with a bullying issue at school. Which statement(s) by the parents should the nurse report to the health care provider as correlating with the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms? Select all that apply. - "Our adolescent is sleeping a lot more than usual." - "The school counselor is seeing our adolescent once a week to check in and see how things are going in school." - "We have tried to discuss the issues so we can find a solution but are met with anger and hostility." - "We have found evidence of drug use, which is very unlike our adolescent." - "Friends come over frequently to watch television or play video games."

- "Our adolescent is sleeping a lot more than usual." - "We have tried to discuss the issues so we can find a solution but are met with anger and hostility." - "We have found evidence of drug use, which is very unlike our adolescent."

A nurse is caring for a client in a clinical setting. According to Havighurst, which of the following developmental tasks are for middle adulthood? (Select all that apply.) - Adjusting and adapting social roles in a flexible way - Accepting and adjusting to physical changes - Relating to one's spouse as a person - Managing a home - Assisting children to become responsible adults

- Accepting and adjusting to physical changes - Relating to one's spouse as a person

Which outcome(s) will the nurse include in the plan of care for a client experiencing caregiver role strain? Select all that apply. - Client will eliminate all stress in a period of 6 months. - Client will demonstrate appropriate coping strategies. - Client will identify support mechanisms to help with stress. - Client will confront those responsible for additional stress. - Client will identify one or two stressors to eliminate.

- Client will demonstrate appropriate coping strategies. - Client will identify support mechanisms to help with stress. - Client will identify one or two stressors to eliminate.

A nurse is reviewing the history of a pregnant client and notes that the client has a history of substance use. When teaching the client about the possible effects of substance use on her infant, the nurse would identify that the fetus is at higher risk for which condition? Select all that apply. - Congenital anomalies - Failure to thrive - Low birth weight - Prematurity - Large for gestational age at birth

- Congenital anomalies - Low birth weight - Prematurity

A student nurse is assisting the school nurse with a health fair at a middle school. The student nurse assesses the students' heights and weights as they file through the station, observing that there is a large variation in physical size and emotional maturity. Which of the following factors may affect emotional growth of children? Choose all that apply. - Development of trust - Colorful toys - Praise for doing well - Availability of books - Loving caregivers

- Development of trust - Praise for doing well - Loving caregivers

A student nurse is assisting the school nurse with a health fair at a middle school. The student nurse assesses the students' height and weight as they file through her station, where she observes that there is a large variation in physical size and emotional maturity. Which of the following factors may affect physical growth of children? Choose all that apply. - Heredity - Colorful toys - Prenatal nutrition - Physical activity - Availability of books

- Heredity - Prenatal nutrition - Physical activity

The nurse is providing prenatal education for a group of pregnant adolescents. The nurse talks about substance use during pregnancy and relates that use to which possible newborn consequences? Select all that apply. - Low birth weight - Premature birth - Poor development of superego - Development of mistrust - Congenital anomalies

- Low birth weight - Premature birth - Congenital anomalies

The spouse of a client on hospice at home is diagnosed with "caregiver burden." Which intervention(s) will the nurse use to assist the caregiver? Select all that apply. - Problem solve with the spouse to create a plan for respite - Discuss support mechanisms available for the spouse - Offer the spouse ideas for emotional coping mechanisms - Provide the name of a local caregiver support group - Suggest ways the spouse can maximize time and effort

- Problem solve with the spouse to create a plan for respite - Discuss support mechanisms available for the spouse - Offer the spouse ideas for emotional coping mechanisms - Provide the name of a local caregiver support group - Suggest ways the spouse can maximize time and effort

A nurse assesses the effect of the environment and nutrition on clients visiting a walk-in clinic in a low-income community. Which statements accurately describe these effects? Select all that apply. - Infants who are malnourished in utero develop the same amount of brain cells as infants who had adequate prenatal nutrition. - Substance use by a pregnant woman increases the risk for congenital anomalies in the developing fetus. - Failure to thrive cannot be linked to emotional deprivation. - Use of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in adolescents who have poor family relationships. - An increased incidence of adolescent pregnancy can be linked to substance use by adolescents. - Child abuse can lead to deficits in physical development, but psychosocial development is not affected.

- Substance use by a pregnant woman increases the risk for congenital anomalies in the developing fetus. - Use of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in adolescents who have poor family relationships. - An increased incidence of adolescent pregnancy can be linked to substance use by adolescents.

A client asks about general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Which details provided by the nurse are correct? Select all that apply. - The alarm stage of GAS can last from minutes to hours. - The resistance stage usually lasts for less than a day. - It can be a response to physiologic or psychological stress. - There are three stages to GAS. - GAS requires psychological hospitalization for treatment.

- The alarm stage of GAS can last from minutes to hours. - It can be a response to physiologic or psychological stress. - There are three stages to GAS.

A nurse is assessing children using Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What milestones are achieved in the preconventional level of this theory? Select all that apply. - The child learns to follow parents' rules. - The child identifies with family members and conforms to their expectations. - The child is motivated by punishment for not conforming to rules. - The child strives for approval in an attempt to be viewed as "good." - The child develops moral judgment that is rational and internalized into self. - The child develops a perception of goodness or badness.

- The child learns to follow parents' rules. - The child is motivated by punishment for not conforming to rules. - The child develops a perception of goodness or badness.

Which behaviors represent effective coping mechanisms? Select all that apply. - learning relaxation techniques - denying responsibility for a DUI conviction - sleeping 14 hours a night - setting limits with family members who upset you - taking a vacation - sleeping 3 hours a night

- setting limits with family members who upset you - learning relaxation techniques - taking a vacation

A nurse is reading a journal article about Freud's Theory of Psychoanalytic Development and the stages associated with it. Place the stages listed below in the sequence that would demonstrate the nurse's understanding of the information in the article.

1. Oral stage 2. Anal stage 3. Phallic stage 4. Latency stage 5. Genital stage

A client is admitted to the oncology unit with a diagnosis of leukemia. Her sister comes to visit. The healthy sibling tells the nurse that her sister is sick because "I got mad at her and wished she would go away." Based on this information, the nurse would estimate the sister's age to be:

7 years

Which client is handling stress by using the defense mechanism termed displacement?

A mother who is angry at her husband shouts at the kids to "keep quiet."

Upon arrival to the emergency room, the mother of a client involved in a motor vehicle accident becomes upset when she learns her son is unconscious and unstable. The mother begins to yell at the emergency room staff in unintelligible words, and she is trembling. She becomes short of breath and yells she can't breathe. What is the mother likely experiencing?

A panic attack

A nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. The parent has brought in the 2-year-old toddler for a well-child checkup. The parent asks what the common health problems are common for this age. The nurse's correct reply includes which of the following?

Accidents

A client is refusing to get out of bed the day after hip surgery. The nurse knows that for the intervention to be safe, therapeutic, and nonthreatening, she will need to not only enlist the client's cooperation, but also her willing participation. Which stress reduction technique does the nurse acknowledge as the best choice in this situation?

Anticipatory guidance

A 25-year-old client is a college graduate and is married with one child. During a wellness visit, the client confides, "I just feel like something is missing from my life. Maybe I need to make a career change." How would the nurse familiar with Levenson and associates' theory of development interpret this statement?

As a normal finding for a client at this stage of development.

A child who learns that he must sit quietly during story hour in kindergarten, thereby integrating this new experience into his existing schemata, is applying the process of:

Assimilation

A nurse hears a client yelling for help from the room. Upon arriving the nurse notes tachypnea and a sense of panic. On further evaluation, the client's heart rate is increased as well as oxygen needs. Which step would the nurse take first to address this client's needs?

Attempt to calm the client and administer oxygen

A nurse is reading an online article about a developmental theorist that described developmental tasks as learned behaviors. The nurse is reading about which theorist?

Havighurst

The nurse observes a hospitalized 15-year-old male refuse his meal tray and state: "I usually eat pizza at home. I can't eat the food in here." This type of rebellious behavior is characteristic of which of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

Identity versus role confusion

A 10-year-old girl is excited when she receives the "most improved player" award on her softball team. Although she was not the strongest player on the team, she always tried to perform at her best level and never gave up on practicing her skills. What stage of psychosocial development according to Erik Erikson is this child demonstrating?

Industry versus inferiority

A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy who is hospitalized for observation following a motor vehicle accident. Based on Havighurst's developmental tasks, what would be the best choice for a diversional activity for this client?

Reading a storybook

A toilet trained toddler was admitted to the hospital for dehydration. Upon returning home, the toddler becomes incontinent of urine and stool. The parent is concerned regarding this return to previous behavior and calls the pediatric clinic. What is the nurse's best response to the parent?

This behavior is called regression.

During a well-child visit, the nurse observes a 3-year-old girl who climbs up into her father's lap and says, "I am going to marry you when I grow up, Daddy." What determination does the nurse make about this observation?

This child is experiencing the Electra complex which is normal at this age.

A nurse is presenting a workshop for a group of young women. Part of the workshop focuses on the moral development of women. The nurse integrates information about Gilligan's theory into the presentation, describing the various levels that a woman goes through as morality develops. When describing level 1, the nurse would focus on which area?

Woman's own needs

The client is a single mother of two children who attends college and works full time. She is seeing the college nurse due to a crying outburst in class. The last step of crisis intervention that the nurse employs is:

determining if the outcome has been achieved.

A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing acute stress. The nurse identifies that the client will be secreting excess levels of cortisol. What should the nurse monitor the client for related to the increased levels of cortisol?

elevated glucose levels

A young woman, who has recently suffered acute stress, asks the nurse why she seems to be more sensitive to stress than her husband. The nurse explains that a contributor to this phenomenon is:

estrogen levels.

The nurse is caring for a client who is a doctor in a general hospital. He complains about the stressful condition of his job. Lately, he has become increasingly susceptible to colds, headaches, muscular tension, excessive tiredness, and many other symptoms. At what stage of stress is the client?

exhaustion stage

The nurse is providing care to the following clients. The nurse assesses the client exhibiting maladaptive behavior as the client who is:

experiencing a terminal illness and states, "If I pray to God and go to church each week, I will live."

A nurse is assisting a neurologist, who is assessing the norepinephrine (noradrenaline) level of a client who is reporting stress. Which function does norepinephrine (noradrenaline) perform?

heightens arousal and increases energy

The nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of stress. Which cognitive symptom associated with stress does the nurse recognize?

impaired concentration

A 65-year-old client has experienced the death of a parent and a family pet in the span of 1 month. Which action is a coping mechanism that demonstrates adaptation?

joining the local garden club

A client is experiencing a stress response each time the family visits the room. What nursing intervention is most appropriate?

limit the family visits to once daily

In evaluating the therapeutic outcome of using biofeedback to help a client work through a stressful situation, the nurse would expect the client to:

maintain vital signs within normal limits.

An adolescent describes a dysfunctional home life to the nurse and reports smoking marijuana to help cope with the situation. How will the nurse identify this form of coping?

maladaptive

A recently retired client reports that he has been able to sleep only 3 hours a night and that he has nausea, frequent urination, and headaches. He is asking the nurse what she thinks is going on with his health. What is the most probable cause of his symptoms?

moderate anxiety

During a counseling session a client states, "I just try to forget about my spouse hitting me." Which coping mechanism should the nurse document on the basis of this client's statement?

repression

A nurse has been caring for a client who experienced a physical assault a year ago. The client now describes being "totally recovered from it." Which stage of stress is the client currently experiencing?

resistance stage

A client with persistent nausea is diagnosed with somatization. What is the appropriate nursing action when the client reports nausea?

sit with the client and ask them about their feelings

A group of nursing students is learning about the body's response to stress. Which system is responsible for initiating the fight-or-flight response to stress?

sympathetic nervous system