Prequiz Test 2

The central area of the burn wound, where tissue necrosis occurs, is called the zone of ___________________.

Coagulation

In Crohn's disease, the clusters of ulcerations on the intestinal mucosa have a______________ appearance.

Cobbelstone

The liver manufactures and secretes _______ which has a major role in the digestionand absorption of fats in the GI tract.

Bile

The immediate response of the intestinal tract to _______________ is hypermotility,soon followed by paralytic ileus with an accumulation of air and fluid in the bowel.

Peritonitis

Decompression of the bowel through a nasogastric tube is necessary for all patients with small bowel obstruction

True

Diarrhea is defined as the increased frequency of more than three bowel movements per day.

True

For adults, a minimum urine output of 30 to 50 mL/hr is used as an indicator of appropriate fluid resuscitation in thermal and chemical injuries

True

Pancreatic carcinoma has only a 5% survival rate at 5 years regardless of the stage of the disease at diagnosis or treatment.

True

A furuncle is an acute inflammation that arises deep in one or more hair follicles and spreads into the surrounding dermis.

True

Addison's disease, which causes increased melanin production, results in a person having a bronzed appearance.

True

Benign liver tumors, such as hepatic adenomas, occur most frequently in women, intheir reproductive years, who are taking oral contraceptives.

True

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the appearance of bullae of various sizes on apparently normal skin and mucous membranes.

True

Prevention of shock and respiratory distress are two immediate priorities of care during the emergent/resuscitative phase of burn injury

True

Sulfamylon is an antimicrobial agent for gram-positive and gram-negative organisms that can diffuse through eschar and avascular tissue

True

The Tzanck smear is a test used to examine cells from blistering skin conditions, such as herpes zoster and herpes simplex

True

The albumin to globulin ratio (normally 1.5 to 2.5) is reversed in liver disease.

True

The endocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin directly into the bloodstream.

True

The mortality rate from toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can be as high as 40%.

True

The patient with an ileostomy with a Koch pouch will not need to use an external fecal collection bag.

True

The primary function of the dermis, which makes up the largest portion of the skin, is to provide strength and structure

True

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by tumors of the islets of Langerhans thatresult in hypersecretion of gastric acid.

True

Pancreatic enzymes include amylase, which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates; _____________, which aids in the digestion of proteins; and lipase, which aids in the digestion of fats.

Trypsin

Straining at stool initiates the ____________ maneuver that results in a potentially dangerous increase in BP.

Valsalva

_______________ is a condition characterized by the destruction of the melanocytes in circumscribed areas of the skin.

Vitiligo

The most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma and _____________ cell carcinoma.

Squamous

The patient with chronic pancreatitis often has frequent, frothy, foul smelling stools, a condition known as _________________.

Steatorrhea

A ________________ is a vascular lesion that is bluish or red in color and can be shaped like a spider.

Telangiectasia

A chemical burn that results in a brown, charred or leathery-looking wound is considered a ________ -degree burn.

Third

Severe _______________ pain is the major symptom of pancreatitis that causes the patient to seek medical care.

Abdominal

The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum is predominantly (90%) _____________________, a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the intestine.

Adenocarcinoma

________________, the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen in the United States, is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery

Appendicitis

________________, an involuntary flapping of the hands, may be seen in stage 2 encephalopathy.

Asterixis

Skin exposed to ultraviolet light can convert substances necessary for synthesizing vitamin C which is essential for preventing the development of rickets.

False

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily parenterally through percutaneous and permucosal routes.

False

The minimum protein requirement for patients with burn injures is 3 g/kg/day.

False

The patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should select foods low in fiber in order to minimize intestinal irritation.

False

A major part of the nurse's role during the acute phase of burn care is detection and prevention of ____________.

Infection

A _____________ lesion refers to hypertrophied scar tissue that is secondary to excessive collagen formation during wound healing

Keloid

___________, an insoluble, fibrous protein, is the principal hardening ingredient of the hair and nails

Keratin

Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for bleeding and hemorrhage because of the decreased production of ______________ and the decreased ability of the diseased liver to synthesize the necessary substances for blood coagulation

Prothrombin

The most common symptom of patients with dermatologic disorders is ______________, which may occur without a rash or lesion

Pruritus

________________ is a common, chronic, noncommunicable skin disease that is characterized by the appearance of silvery plaques that appear on the skin over the elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and buttocks.

Psoriasis

Warts are common, benign skin tumors caused by infection with the human papillomavirus occurring most frequently between the ages of 12 and 16 years.

True

When fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity, the presence and extent of ascites areassessed by percussing the abdomen

True

Women who use oral contraceptives are at increased risk for gallstone formation

True

A laparoscopic _________________ is the standard therapy for symptomatic gallstones.

Cholecystectomy

The major stimulus for digestive enzyme secretion is the hormone ________________, which acts by stimulating the gallbladder to contract.

Cholecystokinin

Autolytic ____________ is a process that uses the body's own digestive enzymes to break down necrotic wound tissue.

Debridement

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in burn survivors, with a prevalence that may be as high as ___________ percent.

45

Insensible fluid loss through perspiration amounts to approximately ______ mL/day in an average-sized adult who does not have a fever

600

Patients with stage I malignant melanoma have a better than _________ percent survival 5 years after diagnosis.

90

The most significant source of bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis is ____________ varices

Esophageal

An ulcer refers to a linear crack in the skin that may extend to the level of the dermis; for example, tinea pedis

False

Diverticula may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon, but most commonly occur in the ascending colon

False

Gallstones, composed predominantly of pigment, account for 75% of all cases of gallbladder disease in the United States

False

Interactive wound dressings that are capable of absorbing wound exudate include skin grafts and biologic skin substitutes.

False

Mortality associated with burns is greater in younger patients than in older adult patients when comparing injuries with similar severity.

False

Prothrombin time, normally 12 to 16 seconds) is decreased to 4 to 6 seconds in liver disease.

False

___________ jaundice is caused by the inability of damaged liver cells to clear normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood.

Hepatocellular

The initial systemic event, after a major burn injury, is a shift of fluid, sodium, and protein resulting in _______________ shock.

Hypovolemic