Presentation Questions

A horse presents with severe navicular disease, a palmar digital neurectomy is elected. How long with the neurectomy likely provide relief for the horse? Lifetime of the horse 2-3 years A few months About a year

2-3 years

How many different forms of Cornyebacterium pseudotuburculosis? 1 2 3 4

3

A foal was born with a __ ALD carpal valgus is expected to a straightened out (return to 180 ) as they grow. 5 15 10

5

It is proposed that what % of gray horses develop melanomas over the age of 15, and thus should always be considered in horses presenting for any clinical signs? 15% 40% 80% 95%

80%

A 8 week foal with an angular carpal valgus limb deformity of about 7 degrees. You decide to approach the surgery focusing on bone growth (not bone retardation) what surgery options do you have Periosteal Stripping Periosteal Elevation Transphyseal bridgining Transphyseal Stapling A & B All of the above

A & B

When raising a yearling thoroughbred, what are some things to consider to help prevent osteochondrosis from forming? Monitor the amount of carbohydrates and protein within the diet Monitor exercise routine A and B None of the above

A and B

A foal was referred to you for an unrelated reason when you see a hoof extension on the right forelimb placed on the medial surface of the hoof. What is this hoof extension correcting? A carpal valgus deformity on the right forelimb A carpal varus deformity on the left forelimb A carpal varus deformity on the right forelimb A carpal valgus deformity on the right forelimb

A carpal varus deformity on the right forelimb

A healthy racehorse with a Heart rate of 16 bpm is most likely to have what electrical rhythm finding? Third-degree av block A physiological second-degree av block Atrial fibrillation Ventricular premature complexes

A physiological second-degree av block

Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment option for cervical vertebral malformation? A) Nutritional management alone B) Basket surgery C) Locking plate stabilization D) Medical management with exercise restriction

A) Nutritional management alone

Which organism is most commonly associated with guttural pouch mycosis? Aspergillus spp. Streptococcus Equi Staphylococcus spp. Saccharomyces spp.

Aspergillus spp.

Lesions of instability most commonly occur between which vertebrae? A) C2-C3 & C3-C4 B) C3-C4 & C4-C5 C) C4-C5 & C5-C6 D) C5-C6 & C6-C7

B) C3-C4 & C4-C5

Radiographic diagnosis of cervical vertebral malformation requires which kind of evaluation? A) Qualitative and quantitative B) Subjective and objective C) Quantitative only D) Subjective only

B) Subjective and objective

A 12 year old quarter horse presents to you with watery diarrhea after being turned out to pasture where a small river runs through the property. What is the best test to run to confirm your suspicion? A. Fecal Culture B. Blood PCR C. Serology Test ( IFA or ELISA) D. Latex Agglutination Test

B. Blood PCR

Neorickettsia Risticii is a gram negative obligate intracellular parasite, what cell type does it have a high trophism for? A. RBC B. Monocyte C. Lymphocyte D. Neutrophil

B. Monocyte

What type of genetic inheritance is used to describe both PSSM and HYPP? A. autosomal recessive B. autosomal dominant C. X-linked dominant D. codominant

B. autosomal dominant

How is navicular syndrome aka heel pain most commonly classified Unilateral forelimb lameness Unilateral hindlimb lameness Bilateral hindlimb lameness Bilateral forelimb lameness

Bilateral forelimb lameness

A 9-year-old paint horse mare had her stall bedding changed to a new material that was meant to be for the resident chickens. 24 hours later, she was presented with acute laminitis. What was the possible source of the new bedding that may have caused this case of laminitis? Black walnuts shavings Fresh pine and spruce shavings Pine shavings Cedar shavings

Black walnuts shavings

Which of the following is not a clinical sign associated with cervical vertebral malformation? A) Truncal sway B) Ataxia in all four limbs C) Cranial nerve deficits D) Circumduction on circling

C) Cranial nerve deficits

Which of the following is the best way to diagnose Guttural Pouch Empyema Radiographs Endoscopy without lavage Endoscopy with culture of guttural pouch lavage Culture of nasal secretion

Endoscopy with culture of guttural pouch lavage

A 3 year old quarter horse presents with bilateral nasal discharge a fever and inspiratory noises localized to the upper airway. On palpation you detect lymphadenopathy. Suspecting this is an upper respiratory infection, what are your top 2 differentials (source) Equine Influenza Strangles Laryngeal hemiplegia Equine viral rhinopneumonitis Guttural pouch mycosis

Equine Influenza Strangles

A geriatric and obese thoroughbred gelding is seen with chronic laminitis, polydipsia, polyuria and hirsutism (curly hair coat). What may be associated with this type of laminitis? Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction Equine metabolic syndrome Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

A 3 year old gelding is being evaluate because of mild distress and feed reflux from both nostrils. Rectal temperature is 100.2F, pulse rate is 42 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 12 breaths/min. Gastrointestinal borborygmi are present on examination Cleft palate Guttural pouch empyema Retropharyngeal abscess Esophageal obstruction Maxillary sinusitis

Esophageal obstruction

In the United States which form of Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis is the most common? Ulcerative Lymphangitis External Abscessation Internal Infection

External Abscessation

What is the most obvious deformity present in the foal in this picture Angular deformity Carpal Valgus Angular deformity Carpal Varus Flexural deformity Carpal hyperflexion Flexural deformity Carpal Hypoflexion

Flexural deformity Carpal hyperflexion

A 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presents for flank watching, pawing at the ground, and sweating. As a brilliant veterinarian, you suspect that this horse is experiencing abdominal pain (colic). Further diagnostics are unremarkable. What is the best choice for pain management? Xylazine Phenylbutazone Detomidine Flunixin meglumine Don't do anything. Horses fake colic for sympathy and pain meds.

Flunixin meglumine

Current AAEP recommendations for treatment with antibiotics may include which of the following? (External Abscesses) Folate Inhibitors (Trimethoprim-sulfa) Tetracyclines (Minocycline or Doxycycline) Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Nitrofurantoin

Folate Inhibitors (Trimethoprim-sulfa)

What should the treatment plan of choice be for this case? Formalin injection Frontonasal bone flap surgery Laser ablation

Frontonasal bone flap surgery

Your friend recently bought a male Standardbred yearling. The yearlings sire was known for his record fast times, however has had two different OC arthroscopic surgeries in his life time. What risk factor for OC should he be thinking about? Nutrition Exercise Genetics Trauma

Genetics

A 5 year old American Miniature Stallion is presented for signs of tenesmus and abdominal pain. During rectal examination and palpation you note edema and swelling of the dorsolateral rectum approximately 25 cm orad to the anus. Proctoscopy reveals only the serosal layer to be intact, what grade of rectal tear does this describe? Grade I Grade II Grade IIIa Grade IIIb Grade IV

Grade IIIa

What happens to the CO2 and O2 levels of a horse with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy during exercise? Physiologic hypercapnia and hypoxemia only Eupneic Hypercapnia worsens but hypoxemia stays the same Hypercapnia and hypoxemia worsen

Hypercapnia and hypoxemia worsen

What is the typical ultrasonographic finding in suspensory ligament desmitis? Hyperechogenic area with normal fiber alignment Hyperechogenic area with abnormal fiber alignment Hypoechogenic area with normal fiber alignment Hypoechogenic area with abnormal fiber alignment

Hypoechogenic area with abnormal fiber alignment

Which is NOT an option for treatment of an ethmoid hematoma? Formalin injection Frontal nasal flap surgery Lidocaine injection Laser ablation

Lidocaine injection

What is the landmark for injecting the needle when performing the palmar digital nerve block? DDF tendon Palmar digital neurovascular bundle along the abaxial border of each proximal sesamoid bone Palmar digital nerve neurovascular bundle 1cm proximal to the cartilage of the foot The frog

Palmar digital nerve neurovascular bundle 1cm proximal to the cartilage of the foot

Which of the following diagnostic tests can definitively confirm uroabdomen? Peritoneal fluid-to-blood creatinine ratio Serum biochemical analysis Abdominal ultrasonography Electrocardiogram

Peritoneal fluid-to-blood creatinine ratio

A 4-year-old male thoroughbred presents to you after a day at the tracks. He appears lame on his right forelimb. Upon closer inspection you see swelling of the fetlock. Palpation doesn't elicit any pain and area is not warm. What should you do next? CBC/Chem Radiographs Ultrasound Nothing, he's fine!

Radiographs

Purpura Hemorrhagica is an acute type III hypersensitivity that is commonly associated with S. equi infection. Deposition of immune complexes may be associated with all of the following except (source) Limb edema Petecchial Hemorrhages in the mucosae Areas of skin sloughing off Rhabdomyolysis Muscle infarction

Rhabdomyolysis

A 3-month-old Appaloosa foal is being evaluated because of pyrexia, cough, and nasal discharge. The foal and its mother are housed in a dry lot with three other mares and their foals. Clinical examination of the foal shows increased respiratory rate and increased bronchovesicular sounds. Laboratory studies show leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Radiographs show a prominent alveolar pattern characterized by ill-defined regional consolidation. The most likely cause of these signs is infection with which of the following? Equine influenza virus Equine rhinopneumonitis virus Parasaris equorum Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi

What is a potential complication for MULTIPLE intrabursal navicular injections to medically manage navicular disease? Bursitis Risk of infection Rupture of DDF tendon No complications

Rupture of DDF tendon

The gene mutation responsible for the gray coloration and increased risk of melanoma development is ATV15 TSM10 WOW21 STX17

STX17

A 5-year-old thoroughbred gelding escaped his stall and was found wandering around the farm and chowing down on an unsupervised bin of grain. Although he looks fine, we should be worried about how excess carbohydrates can induce laminitis. What type of laminitis is caused by grain overload? Sepsis related laminitis Vascular related laminitis Inflammatory related laminitis Endocrinopathy related laminitis

Sepsis related laminitis

A 9-month-old Arabian gelding is presented for colic. He was dewormed two days ago with pyrantel pamoate (tetrahydropyrimidine) after several days of diarrhea. What is the most likely cause for the onset of colic? Adverse reaction to pyrantel pamoate Small intestine impaction caused by dead ascarids Bacterial overgrowth associated with diarrhea Enterolithiasis

Small intestine impaction caused by dead ascarids

Why is Cornyebacterium Pseudotuberculosis also called Pigeon Fever? It comes from Pigeon, Tennessee Pigeons transmit the disease The abscesses occur in the pectoral region, and gives them a pigeon-breasted appearance A and B

The abscesses occur in the pectoral region, and gives them a pigeon-breasted appearance

Which part of the suspensory ligament is most commonly affected in dressage horses? The proximal third The body The medial branches The distal third

The proximal third

Which of these can be used to differentiate NI from sepsis? Lethargy Tachycardia Very low PCV Anorexia

Very low PCV

Arresting the disease process early in the course of strangles using antimicrobial therapy may prevent abscess formation. Why is this controversial? Will likely not enable the horse to develop an adequate immune response leaving the animal vulnerable to future infection Will foster antibiotic resistance in S. equi Often associated with life threatening IMHA caused by reduced neutrophilic autophagy Increases likelihood of complicated Strangles in the future May not be best for the patient but will protect other horses in high density living situations

Will likely not enable the horse to develop an adequate immune response leaving the animal vulnerable to future infection Will foster antibiotic resistance in S. equi May not be best for the patient but will protect other horses in high density living situations

What are foals missing that makes them susceptible to Rhodococcus equi infections? a. IL-6 b. IFN-Y c. TGF-a d. IFN-tao e. IL-8

b. IFN-Y

How is Rhodococcus equi transmitted? a. Vertical transmission b. Vector-borne c. Inhalational d. Venereal e. All of the above

c. Inhalational

Which of the following are common pathogens that cause septic arthritis/synovitis? a. Enterobacteriaceae b. Salmonella c. Klebsiella d. Rhodococcus equi e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What is Rhodococcus equi mechanism of injury? a. Fist fighting with the lungs b. Lysis of monocyte-macrophage system of all cell populations in the respiratory system secondary to inflammation and its mediators and degradative enzymes c. Inhibiting activation or uptake of complement components d. The longest answer e. B & D

e. B & D

A foal was referred to you for an unrelated reason when you see a hoof extension on the right forelimb placed on the lateral surface of the hoof. What is this hoof extension correcting? A carpal valgus deformity on the right forelimb A carpal varus deformity on the left forelimb A carpal varus deformity on the right forelimb A carpal valgus deformity on the right forelimb

A carpal valgus deformity on the right forelimb

A 5-year-old thoroughbred has had a recent orthopedic surgery on his right forelimb. A few weeks later, he is presented with acute laminitis on his left forelimb. What is the cause for this laminitis? Contralateral limb laminitis Sepsis related laminitis Inflammatory laminitis Endocrinopathy laminitis

Contralateral limb laminitis

What are some causes of a pathologic/advanced second-degree AV Block? A) High vagal tone B) Alpha2-Agonist C) Electrolyte imbalance D) All the above

D) All the above

Lesions of stenosis occur most commonly between which vertebrae? A) C2-C3 & C3-C4 B) C3-C4 & C4-C5 C) C4-C5 & C5-C6 D) C5-C6 & C6-C7

D) C5-C6 & C6-C7

In PSSM, what does the genetic mutation directly affect? A. Sodium channels B. Potassium channels C. GLUT-2 receptors D. GYS1 enzyme

D. GYS1 enzyme

After you confirm there is a risk of abortion, she quickly turns to you and asks if there is risk of her other horses contracting the disease. You confirm that the other horses don't have access to external water sources (i.e. river, pond). What is the appropriate response? A. If they are vaccinated, you shouldn't be worried. B. Yes, Potomac Horse Fever is highly contagious from horse to horse C. Yes, Potomac Horse Fever is a reportable disease and the affected horses should be isolated. D. It is unlikely, Potomac Horse Fever is not spread from horse to horse

D. It is unlikely, Potomac Horse Fever is not spread from horse to horse

You're visiting your family in Maryland to attend the AVMA conference and decided to go trail riding with your colleagues. Half way through the camp leaders stop to let the horses drink water from the river. What pathogen are you worried about? A. Salmonella B. Clostridium Difficile C. Coronavirus D. Neorickettsia Risticii

D. Neorickettsia Risticii

What is the most reliable way of localizing the region of lameness in suspensory ligament desmitis? Clinical signs (e.g., pain, heat, swelling) Diagnostic analgesia/nerve blocks Flexion tests Observe the horse at a trot

Diagnostic analgesia/nerve blocks

A 11 year old Arabian Stallion is presented to your clinic for moderate to severe signs of abdominal pain and pyrexia. The horse walks with a stiff gait and often tries to lie down. Rectal examination reveals a complicated grade IV tear located approximately 50cm orad to the anus, which of the following surgical procedures may be difficult to perform due to visibility? Loop Colostomy End Colostomy Direct Suture Temporary indwelling rectal liner

Direct Suture

What does major cross matching test? Donor erythrocytes and recipient serum Donor serum and recipient erythrocytes Dam erythrocytes and foal serum Foal erythrocytes and dam serum

Donor erythrocytes and recipient serum

What location are mycotic plaques found most commonly in guttural pouch mycosis? Dorsal Roof Ventral Floor Eustachian Tube Lateral Compartment

Dorsal Roof

Which of the following is a poor prognostic indicator for guttural pouch mycosis? Dysphagia Epistaxis Nasal Discharge Being a horse

Dysphagia

A 3-day-old Swiss Warmblood colt is diagnosed with uroabdomen after urinary bladder rupture. Serum biochemical analysis reveals electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia). Which treatment plan should be initiated immediately? LRS & abdominocentesis 0.9% saline + 5% dextrose & abdominocentesis Diazepam (premedication) for surgical bladder repair Flunixin meglumine

0.9% saline + 5% dextrose & abdominocentesis

A 12-year-old Morgan mare is undergoing a prepurchase examination. At rest, the HR is 28 beats/min and she drops every fourth beat and you find that it disappears with exercise. ECG discloses a 2⁰ AV block. What should you tell the potential buyer? A) They are normal and considered benign in horses B) They are indicative of possible long-term complications C) They are indicative of a pathologic dysrhythmia D) They are significant findings, and the horse should be reevaluated.

A) They are normal and considered benign in horses

Which of the following are clinical signs of laryngeal hemiplegia? Inspiratory stridor Exercise intolerance sometimes-palpable atrophy of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle Head shaking A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following are overrepresented in having recurrent laryngeal neuropathy? Males Large-breed horses Arabians 3 - 7-year-olds A, B, and D

A, B, and D

You get a call from your favorite thoroughbred breeder who is frantic because she just had 2 pregnant mares she purchased 3 weeks ago diagnosed with Potomac Horse Fever. What clinical outcome is she worried about? A. Abortion B. Laminitis C. Volvulus D. Gastric Ulcers

A. Abortion

What diet is recommended when managing PSSM? A. low starch, high fat B. low starch, low fat C. high starch, high fat C. high starch, low fat

A. low starch, high fat

Current recommendations from the ACVIM on strangles treatment suggest that once abscess formation has begun antimicrobial therapy is not effective. What conditions should merit the the use antimicrobial therapy in horses affected by S. equi after detecting abscess formation? Select all that apply: Dysphagia/anorexia Respiratory distress Metastatic abscessation Cases with purpura hemorrhagica treated with corticosteroids Guttural pouch infections treated locally and systemically

ALL

What nerves might be affected by a mycotic plaque in the guttural pouch? Vagus Nerve Hypoglossal Nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve All of the Above

All of the Above

A 10-year-old QH gelding presents for colic and diarrhea. A physical exam reveals tachycardia and abnormal borborygmi. On auscultation, the GI sounds like the ocean tide. You suspect this horse has sand in its GI tract. Which of the following diagnostics would aid in confirming this suspicion? Fecal sedimentation test Palpating sand during a rectal Abdominal ultrasound Abdominal radiographs All of the above

All of the above

Hyperkalemia may result in various arrythmias, including: Bradycardia Widening of QRS complexes AV conduction disturbances All of the above

All of the above

In which of these animals is NI a known problem? Cats Horses Mules All of the above

All of the above

What is likely to stimulate antibody production against red blood cells in a mare? Blood Transfusion Transplacental Sensitization Multiple pregnancies All of the above

All of the above

Why is platelet-rich plasma typically administered intralesionally in addition to stem cells? It provides a fibrin scaffold for the stem cells It helps activate and differentiate stem cells It provides growth factors All of the above

All of the above

You get a farm call for a 12 year old Arabian gelding presenting for exercise intolerance and unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Which of the following differentials would be on your list? Guttural pouch empyema Ethmoid hematoma Squamous cell carcinoma Streptococcus equi All of the above

All of the above

The most severe and rare form of equine melanoma is Melanocytic nevus Dermal melanoma Anaplastic melanoma Dermal melanomatosis

Anaplastic melanoma

A 12-year-old Warmblood mare has been sedated with a combination of xylazine and butorphanol for a dental evaluation. You listen to the heart immediately after sedation and note a HR of 20 bpm with an occasional "dropped" beat. What should you do next? A) Prepare a dose of yohimbine to reverse the xylazine. B) Prepare a dose of atropine to increase the HR. C) Nothing; this is a normal response to this drug. D) Prepare a dose of naloxone to reverse the butorphanol.

C) Nothing; this is a normal response to this drug.

During a pre-anesthetic exam on a Horse, you auscultate the heart and noticed an abnormal rhythm. You perform an ECG, and this is seen, what is this arrhythmia called? A) Atrial Fibrillation B) Sinus Arrest C) Second- degree AV block D) Sinus Arrhythmia

C) Second- degree AV block

What sire and breed is HYPP traced back to? A. Seabiscuit, mini horse B. Secretariat, Arabian C. Impressive, Quarter Horse D. Impressive, Thoroughbred

C. Impressive, Quarter Horse

In HYPP, what does the genetic mutation directly affect in skeletal muscles? A. Potassium channels B. Calcium channels C. Sodium channels D. Aquaporins

C. Sodium channels

The gold standard for diagnosis of S. equi is now PCR; a process that in some circumstances can yield same day results. PCR may not detect living organisms giving some false positives however the ACVIM has determined to be of little import. Culture, which takes one to two days, was formerly the gold standard. As a mobile veterinarian seeing a case you suspect to be strangles, which diagnostic test -excluding PCR & culture- can be used to expedite a diagnosis? Gram Stain of lymph tissue ELISA Antibody titers Tube Agglutination test Cashew-like taste of mucoid nasal discharge

Gram Stain of lymph tissue

Sepsis related laminitis is usually associated with what type of bacteria? Gram negative Gram positive Microaerophilic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria

Gram negative

A 11 year old Arabian Gelding is presented to your clinic for moderate to severe signs of abdominal pain and pyrexia. The horse walks with a stiff gait and often tries to lie down. Rectal examination reveals a grade IV tear located approximately 50cm orad to the anus, what is the prognosis for this patient? It is difficult to assess the prognosis for this patient Good Fair Grave

Grave

Knowing that it is uncommon for osteochondrosis to occur in the neck, what is the most likely spot for osteochondrosis to appear? Hock Stifle Fetlock None of the above

Hock

Urinary bladder rupture and uroperitoneum have been classically associated with: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia; with acidosis (primarily respiratory) & azotemia Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia; with acidosis (primarily respiratory) & hypoglycemia Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia; with acidosis (primarily metabolic) & hyperglycemia Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia; with acidosis (primarily metabolic) & azotemia

Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia; with acidosis (primarily metabolic) & azotemia

Which location would be the most uncommon site of a melanoma? Kidney Ventral tail Intraocular Parotid

Kidney

What is the best way to confirm a diagnosis of navicular disease? Lameness exam & RADS Nerve blocks Ultrasound & thermography Lameness exam

Lameness exam & RADS

A newborn foal is straining to defecate and appears restless. You notice that the foal is showing signs of colic. The owners state that the foal was born 24 hours ago and did not notice fecal material in the stall while cleaning this morning. What is the most likely cause of colic in this newborn foal? Meconium impaction This is normal in newborn foals because they're embarrassed Enterolithiasis Small bowel torsion

Meconium impaction

A 5 year old American Miniature Stallion is presented for signs of tenesmus and abdominal pain. During rectal examination and palpation you note edema and swelling of the dorsolateral rectum approximately 25 cm orad to the anus, which of the following is NOT a recommended initial treatment protocol? Gently packing the rectum with a cotton filled stockinette prior to entering surgery Metoclopramide 0.25 mg/kg IV Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV N-butylscopolammonium bromide (buscopan) 0.3 mg/kg IV Manual removal of feces from the rectum

Metoclopramide 0.25 mg/kg IV

All of the following can cause laryngeal hemiplegia EXCEPT: Metritis Bacterial/viral - induced neuropathy of recurrent laryngeal nerve Perivascular injection Trauma to the neck

Metritis

Although all of these are predilection sites for Osteochondrosis in a horse, which of the following is least likely to occur? Fetlock Hock Stifle Neck

Neck

A horse with a grade 4 that does not intend to be shown right away post-op can undergo a _____ procedure to correct recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Ventriculectomy Neuromuscular pedicle graft Laryngoplasty Surgical intervention is not warranted for a grade 4

Neuromuscular pedicle graft

A 10-year-old quarter horse presents to you with submandibular lymphadenopathy and firm muscles that elicit pain upon palpation. The horse has a very rigid gate and became recumbent just after the exam. CBC/chem values revealed neutrophilia hyperfibrinogenemia and high levels of creatine kinase as well as aspartate-aminotransferase. Which two pathologies are often associated with this presentation? (source) Tetanus Strangles Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Western Equine Encephalomyelitis

Strangles, Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy

Which of the following is NOT a cause of rectal tear in horses? Spontaneous Enema administration Dystocia Sublumbar lymphadenopathy Iatrogenic (rectal palpation)

Sublumbar lymphadenopathy

Which method of treatment is usually curative of small, well-demarcated superficial melanomas? Human tyrosinase (HuTyr) vaccination Surgical excision 5-fluorouracil Diphenhydramine

Surgical excision

What is the reasoning behind the slow drainage of abdominal fluid in foals with uroabdomen? The sudden removal of electrolytes within the urine will derange equilibration with that of the bloodstream To avoid the sudden activation of mesenteric stretch receptors The sudden expansion of previously collapsed capillary beds can decrease systemic vascular resistance, with a significant drop in blood pressure and compensatory tachycardia To facilitate maintenance of core body temperature

The sudden expansion of previously collapsed capillary beds can decrease systemic vascular resistance, with a significant drop in blood pressure and compensatory tachycardia

You receive a call from your favorite horse client. Her 10-year-old QH brood mare is showing signs of colic. The mare foaled 3 weeks ago. Physical exam reveals T: 100.4 P: 68 bpm R: 12 rpm. No net gastric reflux is produced, and severe gas distention is noted on rectal palpation. You suspect that this mare has a large colon volvulus and recommend surgery to the client. What is your prognosis? Guarded Fair Good There is not enough information to accurately provide a prognosis for this patient Surgery is not necessary for this patient

There is not enough information to accurately provide a prognosis for this patient

Which breed of horse has the highest rate of NI? Quarter horse Arabian Thoroughbred Percheron

Thoroughbred

When would the lameness be the most noticeable in a horse with unilateral suspensory desmitis? Trotting in a straight line Trotting in a circle with the affected leg on the inside Trotting in a circle with the affected leg on the outside Walking in a circle with the affected leg on the outside

Trotting in a circle with the affected leg on the outside