Prevention and Care Exam 4

Key to treating tendonitis

*-Rest* -Find alternative activities with same benefit (running vs biking)

treatment of hamstring strain

-ice and compression -activity restricted until soreness is minimized -ballistic stretching and sprinting avoided

What determines the difference between a first degree, second degree, and third degree sprain?

1: some stretching and separation of the ligaments 2: some tearing and separation of the ligaments 3: Total tearing of ligaments Pain scales from mild to severe

A bunion is usually associated with a bone growth on what part of the foot?

1st toe

How long does treatment of a hamstring stain commonly take?

6-8 weeks

The Lachman's Test is used to evaluate stability of which of the following?

ACL

Which of the following conditions is characterized by pain and discomfort during and immediately following exercise?

Acute onset muscle soreness

Which of following conditions occurs 12 hours after injury and is most intense after 24 to 48 hours?

DOMS - delayed onset muscle soreness

A strain involves damage to a ligament, and a sprain involves damage to a muscle.

FALSE

In the periosteum, osteoblasts provide nutrients to the bone; blood vessels provide cells for bone growth.

FALSE - switched around

After suffering an eversion ankle sprain, which bone is most likely to be fractured?

FIBULA

What can be caused from activity on hard surfaces or prolonged stress on the balls of the feet?

Fallen longitudinal arch

Which of the phases involves scar formation and repair?

Fibroblastic

When an elbow is dislocated it is important to consider the possibility of what secondary injury?

Fracture Tearing Pinching of nerves Disruption of normal blood supply ALL OF THE ABOVE

During which phase of the healing process do phagocytic cells clean up the area?

Inflammatory

Describe the phases of the healing process.

Inflammatory Response 0-4days: most critical phase of healing, phagocytic cells clean up the mess created by the injury Fibroblastic Repair 4 days-6 weeks: proliferative and regenerative activity leading to scar formation and repair of the injured tissue Maturation-Remodeling 6 weeks-3 years: long-term process, realignment or remodeling of the scar tissue to gradually assume normal appearance and function

Which of the following is the most common site for osteoarthritis?

Knees Lumbar spine Hips ALL OF THE ABOVE

A deformity caused by a rupture of the extensor tendon over the distal phalanx is called what condition?

Mallet finger

What is the stress fracture of the 2nd metatarsal?

March fx

Which of the phases may take several years to complete?

Maturation

A fallen medial longitudinal arch is associated with what condition?

Pes Planus

What is the most common mechanism of injury to the ankle complex?

Plantarflexion/Inversion

Which of the following is the key to treating tendinitis?

Resting the injured area by eliminating the irritating activity

A condition which involved a chronic inflammation at the attachment of the achilles tendon on the posterior calcaneus in young athletes is known as what condition?

Sever's Disesase

Which of the following is the most important and most commonly injured bursa of the shoulder joint?

Subacromial bursa

A first time dislocation should be considered and treated as fracture.

TRUE

A stress fracture resulting from repeated microtrauma commonly occurs in weight bearing bones.

TRUE

A trigger point is a tight and of muscle occurring in the neck and upper back.

TRUE

Fractures occur as a result of extreme stresses and strains that are placed on bones.

TRUE

Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the tendon sheath causing the sliding tendon to adhere to the synovial sheath.

TRUE

The two most commonly contused muscles are the quadriceps and biceps group.

TRUE

What degree classification of a ligament sprain involves total tearing of tissue?

Third Degree

lateral epicondylitis symptoms (tennis elbow)

aching pain during and after activity, weakness in hand and wrist, tenderness, pain on resisted extension or full flexion of elbow

What direction does the shoulder most commonly dislocate?

anteriorly

eversion ankle sprain fractures

avulsion fracture of the tibia

Which of the following muscles is not a part of the rotator cuff?

deltoid

FOOSH

fallen on outstretched hand

Which of the following is a condition common to runners and cyclists characterized by pain and irritation over the lateral femoral condyle?

iliotibial band syndrom

Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

IT Band common pain location

inside of the knee and lateral femoral condyle (outside of leg from hip to knee)

Which of the following results from a rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon

jersey finger

Most injuries to the medial collateral ligament result from blows to what aspect of the knee?

lateral

What is most frequently injured aspect of the ankle?

lateral

Which of the following structures is the main source of stability in the knee?

ligaments

Nerve damage in 3rd degree sprain.

may have little to no pain due to total disruption of the nerve fibers

MCL mechanism of injury

medially directed valgus force from the lateral rotation of the tibia

Nerve damage in 2nd degree sprain.

moderate to severe pain (no nerve damage)

What is a condition in which nerves are entrapped between the metatarsal heads producing swelling with distal, radiating pain?

morton's neuroma

Which cells lay down new bone tissue?

osteoblasts

medial epicondylitis (golfer/pitcher elbow)

pain in area and upon forceful wrist flexion and may radiate down arm, mild swelling, active movement elicits pain

What is another name for flat feet?

pes planus

Pain on the anterior medial heel that occurs with the first steps in the morning is indicative of what condition?

plantar fasciitis

Achilles mechanism of inury

planter flexion = snap

With most elbow dislocations resulting from falling on an outstretched hand, which way will the humerus dislocate on the ulnar and radius?

posterior

Which of the following is the reason that impingement injuries occur?

reduction

Lateral epicondylitis results from which of the following mechanisms?

repetitive extension of the wrist

An irritation located between the calcaneus and the Achilles tendon is commonly called a pump bump. It is also known as what?

retrocalcaneal bursitis

Achilles mechanism of injury

rupture is caused by sudden forceful plantarflexion of the ankle (more common in sports with ballistic movements)

Severe point tenderness in the anatomical "snuffbox" may indicate a fracture of which bone?

scaphoid

Which of the following would be considered an acute injury?

shoulder subluxation

What type of injury occurs when a bone comes partially out of its normal articulation then goes right back into place?

subluxation

Which of the following is NOT an arch of the foot?

tarsal arch

Eversion ankle sprains are associated with which of the following?

tearing of deltoid ligament

Which of the following causes for shin splints is incorrect?

tibial weakness

Third degree inversion ankle sprains are often associated with what trauma?

total rupture of lateral ligaments