Principles of Computing Final
Which of the following best explains what happens when a new device is connected to the Internet?
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to the device.
A computer program uses 3 bits to represent integers. When the program adds the decimal (base 10) numbers 6 and 2, the result is 0. Which of the following is the best explanation for this result?
An overflow error occurred.
In which stage of the development life cycle might a prototype, wireframe or storyboard be created?
Designing
By checking the box on a privacy policy page, a company can legally use your data and information in all the ways disclosed, no matter what.
False. It depends if the privacy policy allows you to opt in or out of sharing data.
What does GUI stand for?
Graphical User Interface
Which of the following pixels has a color value of #00ff00 (expressed in hexadecimal)
Green Pixel
What is a server OS used for?
Handling requests and supplying responses.
Which application delivery method is considered to be in a two-tier pattern in which the presentation is stored on your computer and the code and data are stored on a server?
Local Network Hosted
NFC is most commonly used for which of the following tasks?
Payment systems
Which of the following storage types is an example of volatile storage?
RAM
The location of a file is referred to as which of the following?
Storage
Which of the following statements is NOT a benefit of using computers to process data?
Websites can spy on people and gather large amounts of personal data without the user knowing.
According to the domain name system (DNS), which of the following is a subdomain of the domain example.com?
about.example.com
Consider the following numbers: The decimal value 10 base 10 The binary value 100 base 12 Hexadecimal value C base 16 Which of the following lists the numbers in order from least to greatest?
100 base 12, 10 base 10, C base 16
What is the decimal value of 11012?
13 base 10
How many different digits are used in the Hexadecimal number system?
16
How many different values can be represented using 4 bits?
16 different values
An online store uses 8-bit binary values to identify each unique item for sale. The store plans to increase number of items it sells and is considering changing to 9-bit binary values. Which of the following best describes the result of using 9-bit values instead of 8-bit values?
2 times as many items can be uniquely identified
Suppose the ESPN website uses 8-bit unsigned integers to store how many points a team has scored in an NBA game.For example:0000 0010 represents 2 points0000 1000 represents 8 points What is the highest possible score the ESPN website could display?
255 base 10
A news website uses 32-bit integers to count the number of times an article has been viewed. The website is becoming more popular, and expects some of the articles to exceed the number of views that can be represented with 32 bits. In anticipation of this, the website is planning to change to 64-bit integers for the view counter. Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers?
2^32 times as many values can be represented
An IPv4 address has 32 bits, so there are 232 (over 4 billion) possible IPv4 addresses. Since the Internet is gaining devices quickly, we will soon surpass 232 unique devices on the Internet. In anticipation of all the new Internet devices, we are in the process of switching to IPv6, which uses 128 bits for a single address. That's 96 extra bits to represent one address! Which of the following statements correctly describes how many more addresses will be possible to represent by switching from IPv4 to IPv6?
2^96 times as many addresses can be represented with IPv6
Which of the following configurations will provide the best performance?
64-bit CPU with 16GB of RAM
Which of the following statements is the simplest and most accurate definition of a computer?
A computer is something that performs calculations by following and executing specific instructions to solve a problem.
Which of the following statements is an example of computer-readable data?
A digital spreadsheet filled with measurements about the air quality of different major cities
Which of the following choices correctly orders the early types of computers from earliest to most recent?
Abacus, Analytical Engine, ENIAC, IBM Laptop
Which specific development model is typically the most flexible with the shorter delivery times?
Agile
Which of the following components is an example of firmware?
BIOS
Which number system is used to store information digitally in a computer?
Binary (base 2)
Which term is used to describe a situation where too much data could cause data corruption?
Buffer Overflow
Which of the following choices lists the three main components of a computer's hardware?
CPU, Memory, Motherboard
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
Which type of software license allows a predetermined number of people to use the account at the same time?
Concurrent license
You are setting up the network for your computer class. You notice that they are currently using a wireless router that is connected to a switch with four ports. There are more than four computers that need to be connected to the wired part of the network, though. Which of the following is the easiest solution?
Connect a second switch with more ports.
What is the main purpose of the DNS system?
DNS translates the names of websites into IP addresses.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a single-platform application?
Exposure of the application is limited.
Which type of operating system is permanently programmed into a hardware device?
Firmware
Suppose you want to make a visualization that shows how many students bought certain quantities of candy from the vending machine during the month of September. Of the choices below, which chart would best convey this information to the person looking at the graph?
Histogram
What is data? I. Computer readable information II. Information collected about the physical world III. Programs that process images IV. Graphs and charts
I, II
Which of the following statements describes how mobile devices, the use of computers in more and more everyday interactions, and the ability to connect with other devices almost anywhere are changing society? I. People are able to use mobile devices for new applications such as finding directions or finding restaurants II. Data can be collected from thousands of sources and can be combined to provide new services to individuals and companies III. Buildings, cars, classrooms, and offices can now be engineered with sensors to automate tasks like adjusting the thermostat or even driving IV. Data that is collected can be used to identify social problems
I, II, III, IV
Which of the following statements are true about using visualizations to display a dataset? I. Visualizations are visually appealing, but don't help the viewer understand relationships that exist in the data II. Visualizations like graphs, charts, or visualizations with pictures are useful for conveying information, while tables just filled with text are not useful. III. Patterns that exist in the data can be found more easily by using a visualization
III only
How can a developer prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks that use the website's input fields?
Include data validation on all input fields.
Linux is an open source operating system. What does "open source" mean?
It means that anyone can view, copy and then change the source code.
Which feature of a file system is responsible for keeping track of changes in the system?
Journaling
What added functionality does a router have that an access point does not?
Manages and secures the network.
Which of the following statements is something the operating system of a computer is responsible for doing?
Managing memory allocation for all applications.
Which OS is currently the most popular for desktops and laptops?
Microsoft Windows
Which of the following is not a main method for sending information from one computer to another?
Molecules
A friend needs a circuit board with ports and sockets that connects the main devices of his computer. Which computer component is he most likely explaining?
Motherboard
Which of the following devices is the device that connects all of the physical components of a computer together?
Motherboard
Which part of the computer is responsible for managing memory allocation for all applications?
Operating system
What does PaaS stand for?
Platform as a Solution
You plug in a new microphone into the USB port of your computer. Your computer automatically picks up the microphone and installs the necessary drivers on its own. What kind of device is this microphone?
Plug-and-Play
Max pays a quarterly fee for a cloud storage account. Which describes this type of software?
Proprietary, subscription
A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following actions is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?
Putting helpful tips for operating computers on the city government website
As you are writing a document on your computer, your process is temporarily saved but not always saved to file. Where are the temp changes to a file located before the changes are saved?
RAM
What is the main purpose of routers?
Routers connect computers and choose the path that information takes from one computer to another.
What are the three different common divisions of cloud computing?
SaaS, IaaS, PaaS
Which of the following is considered an unethical use of computer resources?
Searching online for the answers to CodeHS exercises and quizzes
Which of the following is a task that the operating system is NOT responsible for?
Supplies power to peripherals such as a printer.
In which stage might a quality assurance team be called in to help?
Testing
Which of the following is a benefit of the fault-tolerant nature of Internet routing?
The ability to provide data transmission even when some connections between routers have failed
Two computers are built by different manufacturers. One is running a Web server and the other is running a Web browser. Which of the following best describes whether these two computers can communicate with each other across the Internet?
The computers can communicate directly because Internet communication uses standard protocols that are used by all computers on the Internet.
A user enters a Web address in a browser, and a request for a file is sent to a Web server. Which of the following best describes how the file is sent back to the user?
The file is broken into packets and sent over a network. The packets must be reassembled by the user's computer when they are received. If any packets are missing, the browser re-requests the missing packets.
Which of the following best describes the basic purpose of the internet?
The internet sends information from one computer to another.
What is not true of white hat hackers?
They are breaking the law and are at risk of legal repercussions
What is the purpose of a network device?
To allow computers to connect and communicate with other computers.
What is the purpose of an output device?
To allow the computer to display or communicate the result of a computation
What is the purpose of an input device?
To allow the user to give data or information to the computer.
Which of the following is a benefit that online shopping websites provide over brick and mortar stores?
Users can easily see product reviews and determine if an item has been satisfactory for a large number of people
Which of the following statements is true about data visualizations?
Visualizations take many forms, from tables to charts to images.
Which type of programming language translates the entire code before running any of the instructions/steps?
compiled
Which is an example of a Boolean value?
false
Which type of internet connection would you suggest to someone looking for the fastest speeds?
fiber optic
Which data type is a number without a decimal component?
integer
Fiber optic cables transfer data at the speed of light, so they have the _______________ latency. This results in the __________ connection.
lowest, fastest
