Principles of Computing Final; Ch. 11 & 17
The SQL "________" operation adds new data to the database
"INSERT INTO"
The SQL "______" instruction queries the Inventory table for any recording matching the "WHERE" criteria
"SELECT"
Popular presentation apps include:
-PowerPoint -KeyNote -Impress -Google Slides
_______ automatically executes the effect once the previous animation effect is completed
after previous
Field (column)
basic unit of data stored.
________ reduces the size of a file
compression
_____ increases the size of the object from very small to the original size
zoom in
Common database operations include:
-adding new data -editing existing data -deleting data -querying the database for information (a query is a search in a database for data)
The animation tool contains a library of effects that give movement to text and graphics. It's effects include:
-fade in -fly in -zoom in
Common compressed audio file formats include:
-mp3 -AAC -AIFF
Users can specify the timing of each animation effect using:
-on click -after previous -with previous
Presentation apps typically contain 3 types of tools:
1. editing tools 2. animation tools 3. presentation tools
Assume each audio sample is stored as one byte and the sampling rate is 48,000 samples/second. What is the size of a 2 minute audio recording?
120sec * 48,000samples/sec * 1 =5.8 MB
If a spreadsheet has 4 columns and 5 rows, how many cells are there?
20 cells. to find # of cells, multiply rows by columns
For a human to not notice each frame in a video, the frame rate should be at least ______ frames per second
25
Humans can only hear frequencies up to about 20,000 Hz. To capture audio frequencies that humans can hear, an audio sample rate should be at least double that frequency. Thus, music audio frequency sampling rates should be at least _______.
40,000 Hz (because doubled)
when calculating AVERAGE, type
=AVERAGE(LetterNumber:LetterNumber)
when calculating COUNT, type
=COUNT(LetterNumber:LetterNumber)
when calculating SUM, type
=SUM (LetterNumber: LetterNumber)
In a spreadsheet, columns are typically lettered...
A, B, C etc.
_______ is one of the oldest video formats, developed by Microsoft in 1992. Widely supported, but compression and video quality may not be as good as others
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
______, or sound, is the vibration of air molecules that human ears can detect.
Audio
Spreadsheet formulas can also include functions, which are built-in operations that simplify calculation. Commonly used functions include:
COUNT: counts the number of values in a range of cells SUM: calculates the sum of a range of cells AVERAGE: calculates the average of a range of cells MAX: finds the largest value in a range of cells MIN: finds the smallest value in a range of cells SQRT: finds the square root of the value in a cell
A ____ is an app that interacts with a database
DBMS (Database Management System) -A DBMS provides an interface to create, maintain and access the database. The DBMS can provide different interfaces to employees, customers, or other apps
The following is a list of names in a table: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Brown, Jones The names are an example of:
Data -Data is a collection of facts and values, which can be stored in various formats such as names, characters and numbers
(T/F) Microsoft Word is required to create a PDF file.
False
(T/F) The Microsoft Word app normally stores files as PDF.
False
(T/F)PDF viewer apps tend to be expensive
False
(T/F) slides are restricted to contain text boxes and graphics in the original template
False (Templates provide a convenient starting point to create new slides. Users can modify slides by adding new text and graphics, as well as modify elements from the template)
(T/F) Having so many different video file types is wonderful for computer users
False (having just one standard format would be much better for users)
Changes to the layout of an individual slide within the slideshow will update the layout of all other slides (T/F)
False (on the other hand, changes to a master slide will impact copies of that slide)
(T/F) One is giving a presentation on powerpoint. They must click through slides 1 through 6 to get to slide 7.
False (presentation tools provide an option to "jump to" a particular slide)
A theme is applied to an individual slide (T/F)
False (themes provide a consistent feel by defining color palettes and backgrounds used by all slides within the slideshow)
(T/F) A computer records audio as an analog signal.
False (Audio recording apps use an A2D (analog-to-digital) converter to translate voltage values (analog) into a series of numbers (digital). Those digital values can then be stored in a computer's memory)
Report.txt is likely created by a presentation app (T/F)
False (PowerPoint uses the file extension .ppt or .pptx, OpenOffice Impress uses .odp, and Keynote uses .key)
(T/F) An audio file stores a song's notes.
False (an audio file stores the sampling rate and a series of numbers of sampled audio voltages)
(T/F) Compression has the drawback of increasing the time to download a file via the web
False (compressed files have fewer bits so downloads are much faster)
(T/F) Most computers, including tablets and smartphones, come with an app for editing audio
False (editing audio is far less commonly done than playing audio)
________ is a video format primarily designed to play in Adobe's Flash Player.
Flash video (flash video is popular today in part due to wide use by Youtube)
A _______ algorithm measures the frequency of each data item like each letter, and gives the most frequent items a shorter bit encoding, with least frequent items getting a longer encoding.
Huffman encoding
Given a list of names in a table, the following are all names starting with letters in the range A-K, and the number of such names: Johnson, Brown, Jones --3 The names and number are an example of:
Information -Information provides meaning to data
An _____ algorithm examines data for long repeating patterns such as phrases, and creates a dictionary entry for such patters
LZ compression
Apple created the _____ video file format for use with Apple's QuickTime video player app.
MOV
The _____ video file format is gaining even more popularity due to being supported by HTML5 and thus playing in nearly any modern web browser.
MP4
which of the following is not an audio file format? -mp3 -WAV -pdf
________ is a file format for storing documents (typically formatted text, images and drawings) independently of any particular editing app like a word processor
PDF (portable document format)
A ____ searches the database for entries matching user defined criteria
Query -A query is a search in the database. users can search for entries matching keywords, ID's or other criteria
______ specifies the layout of text boxes and other elements, from which new slides are based upon
Slide master (themes specify the overall look and feel of the slideshow. Slide maters are a group of templates used to create new slides that copy the same layout as the slide master)
(T/F) A PDF file's key benefit is that the file can be viewed on and printed from nearly any device
True
(T/F) An audio recording app samples the voltage output of a microphone.
True
(T/F) By reducing a files size, compression enables more files to be stored on a drive
True
(T/F) Most computers including tablets and smartphones come with an app for playing audio
True
(T/F) Saving/printing a Microsoft Word document as PDF creates a second file
True
(T/F) photos can be added to a slide
True
(T/F) users can add and modify shapes such as circles, squares and triangles
True
(T/F) Formatted text can be added to nearly any location within the slide
True (A user can add a new text box using the toolbar icons, then drag the text box to the desired location. Formatting options such as font coloring or size can be applied to the text)
(T/F) a microphone converts sound into an analog signal
True (a magnets vibrations within the microphone create a continuous stream of varying voltage levels (an analog signal on a wire)
(T/F) When giving a slideshow, the presenter view may differ from the audience view
True (additional tools such as speaker notes are not visible to the audience)
The _____ player is a popular app on Windows and Mac devices due to playing nearly all common video file formats, and due to being free.
VLC
_______ is a series of slightly-differing images shown fast enough to appear continuous to humans
Video
A common uncompressed format (primarily for Microsoft Windows PC's) is the ______ format
WAV
Record (row)
a group of related fields
Structured Query Language (SQL)
a popular language to run operations on databases
A query is:
a search in a database for data
Presentation apps are used to create...
a series of slides (presentation apps enable users to edit, animate and display slideshows)
A presentation app contains animation tools used to...
add movement to text and graphics (animation tools enable users to create a timed list of effects such as move or rotate, applied to text and graphic elements within a slide)
An example of a compressed video file format is _______
an MP4 file (MP4 is one of several common compressed video formats)
Audio is naturally an ______ signal, meaning the signal changes continuously over time, like a flowing river
analog
An ____ is basically a series of numbers of sampled audio voltages, along with the sampling rate
audio file
An ____ app plays an audio file such that the audio can be heard, by sending numbers one at a time to a digital-to-analog converter, at the specified rate.
audio player
Each sampled audio value is stored using a fixed number of bits, known as _____, commonly 16 or 24 bits
bit depth
On a spreadsheet, each cell is uniquely identifiable by the cell's....
column letter and row number
A _______ is an app that creates, maintains and accesses database systems.
database management system (DBMS) popular DBMS' include: -MySQL -Oracle Database -Microsoft Access
In compression, a ______ is a table of shorthand versions of longer data
dictionary
Because video files could be large, compression is used. The main idea of compression is to only store the _____ a frame and the previous frame.
difference between
Because computers can only store 0's and 1's, a computer records audio as a _______ signal, meaning as a series of numbers-
digital
Presentation tools
display the completed slideshow, typically by connecting a cable to a projector that displays on a large screen
Editing tools
enable users to add static elements such as slides, formatted text, figures and graphics
Data validation
ensures data is correctly entered as the data is added to the database
____causes an object to gradually appear
fade in
_____ causes an object to appear beyond the slides margin to the original location
fly in
Each image in a video is known as a _________
frame
the number of frames per second (fps) is the _______
frame rate
Animation tools
give movement to static elements. users specify a timed list of animation effects such as appearing, disappearing or changes in position within the slide
Compared to standard video, ___________ uses more frames per second (like 60) and more lines (like 1080), as well as wider lines
high definition video
Pixel rows are known as ______
lines
A file with a .mov suffix likely represents a _______
movie file of the MOV format (the MOV format is the format used by Apple)
______ executes the effect when the user clicks the mouse
on click
Digital video stores each image as rows and columns of colored dots, each dot known as a picture element or _______
pixel
A file that is useful across different applications, computers, or operating systems is said to be _______
portable
A ______ is a computer application used to create a slideshow of text and graphics, often with animation
presentation app
Data Integrity
refers to the accuracy of the data in the database
A _____ is a template that stores theme information and defines the layout of text boxes, colors, fonts and formatting
slide master
A ______ consists of a series of individual slides
slideshow
Relational Database
stores information in tables composed of rows and columns Relational databases contain the following: -Field (column): basic unit of data stored -Record (row): a group of related fields -Primary key: A record's unique identifier -Table: Collection of related data
Playing a video directly from a website without ever storing the video is called _____.
streaming (Netflix, Hulu etc.)
A _____ displays a strip of icons corresponding to available operations
toolbar
A process called ______ rejects the request to add the following entry to the database: Enter Item cost: $A.78
validation -validation may check the type of data, acceptable ranges or for completeness. $A.78 is rejected because the data is not a valid cost
______ executes the animation with the previous effect, grouping animation actions together into a single effect
with previous
In a spreadsheet, how do you know how many cells contain data?
you count the one's with data/information in it and that only
