Principles of Information Systems - Chapter 2

What are the many different types of storage units, their abbreviations, and number of bytes

1. Byte - B - 1 Byte 2. Kilobyte - KB - 1,000 Bytes 3. Megabyte - MB - 1,000^2 Bytes 4. Gigabyte - GB - 1,000^3 Bytes 5. Terabyte - TB - 1,000^4 Bytes 6. Petabyte - PB - 1,000^5 Bytes 7. Exabyte - EB - 1,000^6 Bytes 8. Zettabyte - ZB - 1,000^7 Bytes 9. Yottabyte - YN - 1,000^8 Bytes

What are at least three different types of Optical Secondary Storage Devices?

1. CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) 2. Blue Ray High Definition Video Disk 3. DVD (Digital Video Disc) 4. DNA Storage (currently being experimented at this time).

Advantages of Solid State Storage Devices

1. Data can be accessed much quicker than on Magnetic stripes or media. 2. There's is a much smaller chance of the device getting broken than a Compact Disc.

What are three most common forms of secondary storage devices

1. Magnetic 2. Optical 3. Solid State

What are the three types of magnetic secondary storage devices?

1. Magnetic Tape 2. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 3. Virtual Tape

What are the three advantages to using secondary storage devices?

1. Non volatility 2. Greater capacity 3. Greater economy

What are the two forms of enterprise storage?

1. Storage Area Network 2. Cloud Computing Storage

Data Center

A climate controlled and access controlled building or set of buildings that houses the computer hardware that focuses on sending instructions and data (and receiving them as well).

Coprocessor

A coprocessor is a processor that focuses on its own instructions while the CPU is doing its own job.

HDD (hard disk drive)

A direct access storage device. Consists of rotating disks with magnetic material.

mainframe computer

A mainframe computer is a large and powerful computer that is used by many individuals. The machines used by other individuals are connected to the mainframe through a network.

Server farm is used ...

A server farm is a room used to house many servers in one location.

Server definition

A server is a computer employed by many users to perform a specific task such as run internet applications or a network.

Virtual Tape

A storage unit for information that is not needed too often.

Thin-Client

A thin client is a low-cost, centrally managed computer with no internal or external attached drives for storage.

Virtual server

A virtual server is a method of logically dividing the components of a single physical server in order to create multiple logical servers.

Workgroups sphere of influence definition

A workgroup sphere of influence helps workgroup members achieve their common goals.

What is an example of a ROM?

An example of a Read-Only Memory, may involve the turning on of a computer. The instructions are set permanently to turn them on.

What is an inexpensive version of a desktop computer? This computer is lighter, weaker, and consumes less energy.

An inexpensive version of a desktop, one that uses less energy, and is weaker and lighter, is a nettop computer.

Application software definition

Application software consists of the programs that help users solve computing problems.

What is bioprinting?

Bioprinting is the use of human cells to 3-D print human body parts, as well as organs.

What are the tiers of EPEAT for computers, and what is mandatory and optional to achieve each?

Bronze - 23 is mandatory; none of the optional are needed. Silver - 23 is mandatory; at least 50% of the optional are needed to be met. Gold - 23 is mandatory; at least 75% of the optional criteria must be met.

EPEAT allows users or purchasers of technological goods to evaluate their (products') friendliness with the environment by comparing them to blank criteria

By comparing them to 51 different types of environmental criteria.

What is a Clock Speed

Clock Speed is a set of electronic pulses that are predetermined and set in order to determine the machine cycle time.

What is the DRAM meant for? What does it stand for?

DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM is used/meant for main memory.

What type of computers are highly versatile?

Desktop computers are highly versatile - for one individual (single-user)

What are display screens used for?

Display screens are used to portray the output from a computer!

What are the three different types of output devices?

Displays Printers 3-D Printer

What does DDR SDRAM stand for

Double Date rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.

what does EPEAT stand for

Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool

Enterprise storage is essentially a blank secondary storage.

Enterprise storage is essentially a large secondary storage.

Input and output devices are not part of the user's interface? True or False?

False; input and output devices are indeed let of the user's interface.

What are two examples of Storage as a Service?

Google Drive and Apple iCloud.

Green computing definition

Green computing is a program that is concerned, environmentally, with the design, manufacturing, usage, and disposal of IS-related products.

Which is cheaper to use, parallel computing or grid computing?

Grid Computing is cheaper to use than Parallel Computing.

Hardware components include devices that perform:

Hardware components include devices that perform: 1. Input 2. Storage 3. Processing 4. Output

Multicore processor

Has two or more independent processing units.

Input/Output Devices definition

Input and Output devices send data, details, and information to the computer and receives certain results from it.

Input and output devices definition.

Input and output devices allow for the providing of data and instructions as well as receiving the results from the input.

What is desired for an input or output device?

Input device: it is desired that input devices can register rapid entry(ies) Output Devices : it is desired that output devices can portray results in a timely fashion.

Multiprocessing

Involves the simultaneous executing of two or more instructions at the same time. One form of multi processing uses coprocessors.

Laptops, Notebooks, Tablets (what do they offer)

Laptops are designed and used by mobile users. Notebooks and ultra books are even smaller than laptops. Tablet computers - portable and lightweight (may or may not ring a keyboard)

What does MICR stand for?

MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.

Goals of green computing: Reduce the use of hazardous material ? ?

Make cost-efficient types of energy usable for the organization Dispose the resources in a more environmentally friendly type of way.

Memory definition

Memory provides (main memory) the storage area for a processor such as the CPU.

Most computers today operate in a Clock Speed ranging from....

Most computers today operate in a Clock Speed ranging from 1 to 4 GHz (1 to 4 Billions of Cycles per second)

Is the secondary storage device directly accessible to the CPU? If not, how is it used?

No, the secondary storage device is not directly accessible to the CPU, but the secondary storage can be placed inside the computer's Memory with the use of input and output devices.

Are mobile computers small enough to carry easily?

Of course, mobile computers are small enough to carry easily.

Personal sphere of influence. Does it serve the needs of individual users?

Of course; personal spheres of influence serve the needs of individual users.

One Byte is equal to how many bits which is then equal to?

One byte is equal to 8 bits which is then equal to one character of data.

What is one of the most common examples of a Solid State Storage Device?

One of the most common examples of an SSD, can be a Universal Serial Bus (USB).

Optical Secondary Storage Device is a type of storage device that uses...

Optical Secondary Storage Device uses lasers to read and write data.

Where would organization owners like to place their data centers?

Organization owners would like to place their data centers in milder climate areas, as well as those which have low payments for electricity, or other resources - data centers use extreme amounts of energy! Modular design is also important When constructing data centers, it is important to make it easy for them to cool down and process information.

Personal Productivity Software

Personal productivity software enables users to improve their effectiveness.

Magnetic Tape

Primarily used for storing backups for critical information.

RAM stands for?

RAM stands for Random Access Memory

What does RFID stand for?

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification

ROM stands for? It is not blank

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. It is not volatile. Instead, it is nonvolatile.

RAM is both blank and temporary.

Random Access Memory is both volatile and temporary.

What does ROM do?

Read-only Memory is used for permanent storage and data for a set of instructions that will not change.

Scalability definition and examples

Scalability is the ability to increase the processing capability of a technological device. Examples: increase amount of users, amount of transactions, and data that is possible.

Secondary storage definition

Secondary storage refers to the devices that allow for more information, instructions, and data to be stored permanently than the allowed memory.

Enterprise sphere of influence

Serves the needs of the firm in its interaction with the environment.

Software definition.

Software consists of the computer programs that govern or control the workings of computer hardware.

SSD stands to?

Solid State Storage Device.

Solid State Storage Device stores its information in a memory blank rather than magnetic or optical media.

Solid State Storage Devices store their data in a memory chip rather than in Magnetic or Optical Media.

What are some examples of input devices?

Some examples of input devices may be: Scanners Automated Teller Machines Personal Computer keyboards or touch pads Voice Recognition Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices Optical Data Readers Barcode scanners Touch-screens Pen Input Devices Different types of cards

Sphere of influence

Sphere of Influence includes the scope of all of the problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization.

What type of memory is used for high speed registers and caches?

Static random Access Memory (SRAM) is used for high speed registers and caches.

Storage Area Network (SAN) definition

Storage Area Networks are high-speed, special purpose networks that connect secondary storage devices with computing devices that are located across the organization.

Storage Capacity is measured in B's. What does the B stand for?

Storage capacity is measured in Bytes.

Which computer has the fastest processing speeds and is one of the most powerful ones?

Supercomputer

What are the two different types of software?

System software Application software

System software definition

System software consists of utilities, operating systems (OSs), and middleware that focus on coordinating activities among hardware components.

What does Central Processing Unit mean?

The CPU is the part of the computer that sequences and executes different types of instructions.

The Clock Speed is often measured in what measurement? What does this measurement mean?

The Clock Speed is often measured in GHz (gigahertz) - billions of cycles per second.

What are the basic hardware components of a computer (3)?

The basic hardware components of a computer are: Processor (CPU - Central Processing Unit) Main Memory Input/Output Devices Address and Data Buses are also included!

What are the benefits to having a server farm?

The benefits to having a server farm include: Having an easier time accessing the computers themselves. They make it easier for the authorized support personnel to locate a problem and fix it.

What does the main memory do for the CPU?

The main memory provides storage and working area for the Central Processing Unit, and it also sends the CPU instructions and data.

What are the processing units in a multicore processor called?

The processing units in a multicore processor are called cores.

Parallel computing

The simultaneous execution of one task with the use of multiple processors

Storage as a service concept

The storage as a service concept relies on a model that is used to rent out space (data) to certain individuals. This data can then be accessed via the internet (the storage is accessed through the internet).

What are the three different types of spheres of influence?

The three different types of spheres of influence are: 1. Personal 2. Workgroup 3. Enterprise

What are the two different types of printers?

The two different types of printers are Laser and Inkjet.

What are the two major groups of general-purpose computers?

The two major groups of general-purpose computers, are: 1. Single-user computers 2. Multiple-user computers

Grid Computing

The use of multiple computers, each with their own owners, in order to solve a problem.

How many different types of displays are there? What are they called?

There are four different types of displays: LCD - Liquid Crystal Display LED - Light Emitting Diode OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode Plasma

Massively parallel processing systems have hundred or even thousands of processors that are designed to work simultaneously. True or False?

True; massively parallel processing systems have hundred or even thousands of processors that work simultaneously.

Plotters are used for design work such as blueprints and drawings of buildings. True or False?

True; plotters are indeed used for a more designing type of approach - blue prints and drawings of buildings.

Virtualization is an approach to improve...

Virtualization is an approach to improve the utilization of physical servers (they can now do more).

Workgroups

Workgroups consist of two or more individuals that work towards achieving a common goal

Workstations

Workstations are more powerful than personal computers, and they can also fit on a desktop.

Is an LED screen essentially a better type of LCD screen?

Yes, a Light-Emitting Diode display, uses less power and is both brighter and sharper (image) than Liquid Crystal Displays.

Can a thin client either be mobile or non mobile? Give an example.

Yes, a thin client can be either mobile or non mobile. An example can be chromebooks (used in many schools today).

Should data centers be constructed so that they do not get impacted by disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, terrorism attacks, etc?

Yes, data centers should be constructed so they are not as affected by disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, terrorism attacks, etc. There should also be multiple data centers in different locations in case something happens to one of them.

Does each logical server act as its own dedicated machine?

Yes, each logical server within the physical server acts as it's own dedicated machine.

Do servers normally have special features allowing them to work well in multiuser environments?

Yes, servers normally do have special features that them to be utilized in a multi-user environment.

Does the CPU consist of arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit?

Yes, the CPU consists of the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as he control unit.

Are there multiple DDR SDRAM?

Yes, there are: DDR2 SDRAM DDR3 SDRAM DDR4 SDRAM - used mainly to lower energy requirements for portable objects and servers to work.

Can you share data among other devices when you use a SAN? What about a migrating data from one storage device to another or backing up data?

Yes, with a SAN you can share data among computing devices. You can also backup the data and migrate data from one secondary storage device to another.