Principles of Management Chaper 1&2 Quiz

Lee's company has moved toward empowerment of workers rather than a traditional organizational hierarchy. Which of the following factors would be LEAST likely to have contributed to the shift in management practices?

Effectiveness of management by keeping tabs

Which of the following statements about management skills is true today?

Especially during times of uncertainty or crisis, managers need to apply all their skills and competencies in a way that benefits the organization and its stakeholders.

Which of the following statements best sums up the case view on which the contingency view of management is based?

Every situation is unique.

Which of the following aspects was a prime impetus of the classical perspective of management?

A shift to an industrialized society

Technical skills would be most critical for a person faced with which of the following situations?

An ineffective packaging for a product needs to be engineered.

Dalton's style of management emphasizes the qualitative elements of production and making sure team dynamics are effective. Dalton's approach is more influenced by which of the following perspectives?

Humanistic

Economist Chester Barnard argued that organizations are not machines. Rather, he believed that when managed properly, organizations can be helped by which of the following?

Informal relationships

Intranets, extranets, and software programs that help managers estimate costs, plan and track production, manage projects, and allocate resources are part of which subset of management science?

Information technology

As a manager, Angel has set a sales and marketing goal for the department for the month to increase customer satisfaction scores on a product recently launched. If, at the end of the quarter, customer satisfaction scores are about 10 percent lower than Angel's goal scores, which of the following characterizes the department?

Less effective than expected

A universalist view is best reflected by which of the following types of management perspective?

Classical perspective

Which of the following is the most limited as a definition for organization?

Coordinating resources for large for-profit entities to achieve financial profit

Who was an early advocate of a humanistic approach to management?

Mary Parker Follett

The primary purpose of the four basic functions of management is to

attain organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner.

Which of the following persons recorded various managers' activities and developed a description of managerial work that included three general characteristics and ten roles?

H. Mintzberg

According to a survey of managers, 81 percent cite which of the following as a top cause of manager failure?

Ineffective communication skills and practices

In the Bain survey mentioned in the textbook, what percent of managers surveyed said that they face significant gaps between IT capabilities and business needs over the next three years?

52%

Which of the following best describes the interpersonal role of leader?

A leader directs and motivates employees, which includes training and communication.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the greatest effect on

All of these choices.

Sam works in an organization that strongly advocates the use of scientific management. In moving to inject a management style that follows a humanistic perspective, which of the following would Sam cite as a drawback of scientific management?

All workers in the various stations on the production line receive the same wage per unit of output.

Which of the following skills would fall into the category of technical skills?

Analytical abilities

Which of the following factors was a primary contributor to the development of the classical perspective of management?

Complex organizations

As a manager, Aniyah is constantly scanning the broader business and social environment and assessing how her company fits into it. For this type of strategic thinking, which of the following skills is Aniyah using?

Conceptual

A successful bossless work environment requires which of the following elements?

Employee engagement

Among Google's rules for building better managers, which of the following was found to be the most important?

Be a good coach.

Which of the following subfields lies within the humanistic perspective?

Behavioral sciences approach

Which of the following statements about big data analytics is true?

Big data analytics can be thought of as a direct descendant of Taylor's scientific management.

Which of the following approaches applies more to managerial identity than to individual identity?

Builds networks

Kacey's company just received an award for high performance by a consumer advocates group. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the meaning of high performance?

High performance comes from an organization's ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a characteristic of a well-functioning bureaucracy?

Management is carried out by the owners of the organization.

Which of the following is cited as a significant factor in shifting needs of people in organizations?

Meaning is an increasingly important part of workers' agenda.

Piper is spending the day assessing the activities that need attention within the organizing function of her management process. Which of the following would NOT be among Piper's concerns in this task?

Monitoring employee activities

According to observers of the Millennial and Gen Z generations, which of the following is MOST characteristic of their attitude in the workplace?

Not hesitant to question their superiors

Lee's management specialty involves the physical production of automobile engine parts for the aftermarket. Which subset of management science does Lee's responsibilities fall under?

Operations management

In workplaces that have high levels of worker engagement, which of the following characteristics would you be LEAST likely to see?

People are intimidated by access to cutting-edge technology.

Financial resources for government and charity nonprofit organizations typically do NOT come from which of the following sources?

Sales revenue

Which of the following is based on Frederick Winslow Taylor's proposition that workers "could be retooled like machines, their physical and mental gears recalibrated for better productivity"?

Scientific management

The task before Jordan is to establish goals for the marketing team and decide what must be done to achieve them. Jordan is engaged in which activity of the fundamental management functions?

Setting objectives

Systems thinking means looking not just at discrete subsystems in an organization, but also at the continually changing interactions among them. When the organization is managed as a whole, which of the following is created?

Synergy

Sam is working on establishing metrics and standards by which to evaluate employee performance within a community free health clinic. Which of the following is Sam most likely to discover in this task?

The intangible nature of metrics for determining success in nonprofits makes it more difficult to evaluate employee performance.

Because most top executives routinely work at least 12 hours a day and spend 50 percent or more of their time traveling, Mintzberg found which of the following to be true?

The majority of executives' meetings and other contacts are ad hoc.

In general, which of the following is associated with the least amount of organizational hierarchy?

Theory Y

In which of the following ways are managers in all organizations—large corporations, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations—similar?

They carefully integrate and adjust the management functions and roles to meet their organizations' challenges.

Which of the following statements about managers carrying out the spokesperson and disseminator roles is true?

They transmit current information to others, both inside and outside the organization, who can use it.

Which of the following statements about contingency thinking is true?

With contingency thinking, managers use the variables unique to the situation to identify and understand situations as well as what approach to use to address the situation.

Francis manages a regional chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Because this is a nonprofit organization, Francis struggles with the question of what constitutes results and effectiveness when looking at "revenues" and "expenses," due to the ambiguity of _____.

bottom-line metrics

The five state-of-the-art management competencies include all of the following EXCEPT

designing in a way that maintains stability.

The primary difference for managers in businesses and nonprofits is that nonprofit managers

direct their efforts toward generating some kind of social impact.

Lee is a realtor in a small city. In customer feedback surveys, Lee consistently receives high scores for professionalism, attention to detail, and obtaining high sales prices. The firm where Lee works has given him the "Best in Service" award for six months in a row, acknowledging Lee's _____.

effectiveness

The research and development department designed several prototypes of new cookware for more novice cooks. In a field test of these prototypes, Ali's version was chosen by a majority of the testers, making it the model with the greatest _____.

effectiveness

Parker was promoted to manager of production for the organization's best-selling product with little idea of what the job would actually entail. Parker received minimal training for the new position, and this initial leap into management was a scary moment. After working in the position for two years, Parker felt burned out and accepted a transfer to another division. This experience is common for many

first-line managers.

Management involves a set of expected behaviors that are divided into conceptual categories. The roles of entrepreneur, negotiator, and disturbance handler fall into which conceptual category?

Decisional

In general, _____ are most likely to use technical skills more than human or conceptual skills, and _____ are most likely to rely primarily on conceptual skills.

frontline managers; top managers

Among Fayol's general principles of management that should be applied to the administration of an organization was unity of direction, which was based on

grouping similar activities together in an organization under one manager.

The classical perspective of management focuses on the things of production, whereas the humanistic perspective of management focuses on the

humanity of production.

The practice of management is

influenced by environmental shifts.

Morgan spends about six hours out of each eight-hour workday communicating with others, scanning written materials, and passing data to those inside and outside the organization who need it. These managerial roles fall within the category that Mintzberg calls _____.

informational

Mintzberg's research organized managerial activities into ten roles. These roles are divided into three conceptual categories of

informational, interpersonal, and decisional.

The role most important for top management is _____.

liaison

As a coordinator of a hospital's education and outreach department, Amir often spends a lot of time through e-mail, phone, and meetings with contacts both inside and outside the hospital to keep them informed about events and goals. Amir is fulfilling the _____ role, which is part of the _____ category.

liaison; interpersonal

Studying the history of management provides a way to do all of the following EXCEPT

maintain a static philosophy.

As CEO of a specialty paint company, Ryan has typically found the roles of spokesperson and figurehead to be the ones emphasized among his managerial responsibilities. Ryan recently learned of several competitors entering the market with new products that compete more directly with his products. As a result, Ryan has turned more attention to the role of

monitor to seek information through published sources and through personal contacts about this shift in the competitive environment.

Within the functions of management, _____ follows planning, and _____ determines the effectiveness of the other three functions.

organizing; controlling

A profound transformation that includes letting go of deeply held attitudes and habits and learning new ways of thinking is one's _____.

personal identity

The four basic functions of management are

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

By definition, an organization is goal-directed, deliberately structured, and considered a(n) _____.

social entity

When analyzing the results of extensive experiments to determine which factors (especially lighting) most affected workers' productivity, researchers and scholars realized that the researcher can influence the outcome of an experiment by being too closely involved with research subjects, a phenomenon known as

the Hawthorne effect.

Matrix organizations, self-managed teams, ideas about corporate culture, and management by wandering around are all concepts that grew out of

the behavioral sciences approach.

In transitioning away from his role as an individual contributor to a manager of communications, Dalton is finding that most of the activities involved could be characterized in all of the following ways EXCEPT

time for reflection has increased.

Scientific management focuses on the productivity of the individual worker, whereas the administrative principles approach focuses on the

total organization.

One of the most common mistakes that new managers make is

wanting to do all the work themselves.

Which of the following applies insights from the behavioral sciences to design elements of the organization in a way that moves people toward behaviors that support organizational goals and values?

Nudge management

Over the first year of their managerial careers, one key to success is to recognize that becoming a manager involves

a profound transformation in the way people think of themselves.

Because managers look for innovative ideas and approaches to keep businesses growing and thriving in a more technology-driven workplace, they are increasingly turning to

big data analytics.

In business technologies, the process that examines large and complex data sets in order to uncover patterns and correlations that can be used to inform decisions is called

big data analytics.

Kacey's company collects data about its online customers, including what they buy, what else they look at, and how they navigate through the Web site. Kacey runs an algorithm to forecast what customers will do and buy next. Kacey is using

big data analytics.

All of the following are subfields of the classical perspective EXCEPT

bossless workplaces.

Chris runs a management consulting firm. In addition to hiring competent and motivated employees, Chris makes sure those employees have ongoing training, access to effective software, and a sense of membership to the team that is responsible for working with and responding to a particular client. This type of work environment is best classified as

bossless.

Roles represent activities that managers undertake to ultimately accomplish the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These roles are divided into three conceptual categories: informational (managing _____), interpersonal (managing _____), and decisional (managing _____).

by information; through people; through action

Morgan tends to focus on management practices that can be measured, studied, and improved with mathematical and spatial precision. Therefore, one could say that Morgan holds most closely to a

classical perspective of management rather than a humanist perspective of management.

Kyle's management responsibilities include tooling the organization's plants, organizing managerial structure, and scheduling complex manufacturing operations. Attending to these activities falls within the

classical perspective.

The earliest focus of management was on the things of production. This is known as the

classical perspective.

Nonprofit managers who are committed to serving clients with limited resources must prioritize

demonstrating a highly efficient use of resources.

Managers in nonprofit organizations often struggle with what constitutes

effectiveness.

The origin of management science was the

need to effectively manage aspects of global warfare encountered in World War II.

The main challenges for the first professional managers (1880-1920) were

organizing, coordinating, and controlling large numbers of people.

Recognizing that synergy comes from seeing both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements is known as

systems thinking.

Which of the following statements about management practices and perspectives is true?

Management practices and perspectives vary in response to social, political, and economic changes in the larger society.

Which of the following statements about management thinking is true?

Managers are always looking for new techniques and approaches that more adequately respond to customer needs and the demands of the environment.

As a company, New Gadgets is committed to training employees to monitor and correct themselves and work together to solve any problems that occurred on the production line. After employees completed their training, a major production problem occurred that delayed numerous customer orders. When considering this scenario in terms of the controlling function, which of the following groups is responsible in this situation?

Managers, because ultimate responsibility for control still rests with managers

Which of the following statements about the leading function of the management process is true?

Many managers working quietly in both large and small organizations around the world provide strong leadership within departments and teams.

As manager, Hoa has set a production goal for the department of 100 units for the month. Accordingly, Hoa has set a budget for the raw materials, labor, and capital needed to achieve that goal. If the department is able to produce the 100 units with fewer inputs than Hoa forecasted, which of the following characterizes the department?

More efficient than expected

As manager of the product development department, Demarcus has delegated authority to each of the three team leaders to oversee and lead their teams in working toward three new lines of prepackaged health foods. Which function of the management process does this task of delegation of authority fall within?

Organizing

Which of the following criticisms has been leveled at the humanistic approach?

Research on which it is based may contain flawed methodology or inaccurate conclusions.

Which of the following statements about efficiency and effectiveness is true?

Severe cost cutting to improve efficiency can sometimes hurt organizational effectiveness.

Which of the following techniques would NOT be considered a management science technique?

Theory Y management

As a manager, Piper encourages employees to be self-directed and to look for creative solutions to problems and ways to carry out their tasks. What type of manager is Piper?

Theory Y manager

In the past, managers at Evon's company instituted numerous rules about work attendance, production quotas, and workplace behaviors. Workers who did not follow these rules were reprimanded and/or fired. For most of the workers, it was a paycheck, not a job they enjoyed. After becoming manager of the research and development department, Evon began to institute some changes, including encouraging employees' personal goal setting, incentives for creative work, and learning opportunities and continuing education. Unlike previous managers, what type of manager is Evon?

Theory Y manager

Managers at an auto manufacturer discovered that the hydraulics for a hatch lift of its newest model had a much shorter-than-expected time-to-failure on average than expected. Because the managers were under intense pressure to fill quotas for the new model, they did not document the hydraulic failure rates due to the fact that it was not a part that would affect road operation of the vehicle and therefore public safety. Which of the following statements best assesses these managers' performance of the management function?

These managers failed at making corrections to a faulty process and therefore did not fulfill the controlling function of the management process.

Which of the following statements about the basic functions of management is true?

To be successful, every organization needs good managers who can solve difficult problems, turn organizations around, and achieve effective performances.

Morgan is working with a consultant to ensure that her company is future-facing in its approach to achieving organizational goals. Which of the following would NOT be among the consultant's recommendations for Morgan?

Work to maintain the company's status quo.

Every Friday night, Ali's Diner provides a catfish dinner for $15. The normal price is $22. Every Friday night, Ali knows more customers will order the catfish special than on any other night. Therefore, Ali buys extra catfish and ingredients for the sides that go with the dinner to meet the demand. Running the special and ordering more catfish are considered

a circle of causality.

Some organizations are experimenting with a design that turns management authority over to employees. This is called

bossless.

The early study of management as we know it today began with what is now called the

classical perspective.

The three categories that encompass the necessary skills for managing a department or an organization are

conceptual, human, and technical.

Charlis works to identify important patterns and characteristics of organizations and through this information to find solutions to problems and issues. Charlis is following a(n)

contingency view of management.

A customer has just complained about the quality of the fabric Dalton's company sold to her. Dalton has dealt with dissatisfied customers before. In this case, the weight of the fabric was not as expected. Dalton finds the particulars of working to solve this customer's issue different from the specific issues of other customers; therefore, to come up with solutions, he takes the

contingency view.

As workers of the Millennial and Gen Z generations move into more positions in management, they are likely to have all of the following as priorities EXCEPT a

culture dedicated to the status quo.

In order to fulfill their responsibilities, managers must work to achieve high performance in all of the following ways EXCEPT

cut costs relentlessly.

Contemporary organizations are undergoing tremendous changes, many of which are brought about because of shifting needs of people. The two responses to these issues discussed in the textbook are

employee engagement and the bossless workplace.

The managers at two different fast-food restaurants learned that their restaurants are in a virtual tie for the city's annual "Best Customer Service Award." Each holds a meeting with employees to encourage them to be highly customer focused and to encourage and help each other. These managers are promoting

employee engagement.

As a top manager, Pich is often involved in initiating changes within the organization in order to meet the demands of a changing environment and keep the organization on a course that enables it to meet its goals. Pich enjoys this role of _____, which is in the _____ category.

entrepreneur; decisional

The management function of controlling is described as

establishing targets and measuring performance.

In managing relationships, a traditional manager would _____, whereas a manager using today's competencies would _____.

focus on competition; focus on collaboration

Because of the ______nature of management, new managers often have _____freedom and control than they expect to have.

interdependent; less

As an executive in a publishing firm, Francis must spend a certain amount of time engaged in ceremonial or symbolic duties such as greeting visitors or representing the organization at industry events. Francis is performing the _____ role of _____.

interpersonal; figurehead

A 2017 survey of managers revealed all of the following to be the top concerns of managers EXCEPT

managing the Hawthorne effect within the organization.

Research indicates that one of the activities among their many responsibilities that managers enjoy least is

managing time pressures.

The characteristics and needs of nonprofit organizations present unique challenges for managers because

of their efforts toward generating some kind of social impact.

The behavioral sciences approach that improves the organization's health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with change, improve internal relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilities is known as

organizational development.

In a meeting, Taylor has been describing to the team where the organization wants to be in the future and how he plans to help them get there. The team's understanding of products and customers is increased through this management function of _____. organizing

planning

Kelly is the manager of the planning department for a large publishing firm. In forecasting the demand for particular types of books and authors, Kelly believes complex quantitative analysis and advanced mathematics and software are the way to accurately predict sales and production costs. Kelly, in this example, is a(n)

quant.

In Kacey's department, employees process rebate forms from a large home improvement store. Management calculates that an employee should be able to process 20 forms per hour, but the average is 12. A pay raise is given to all employees who consistently meet a 15-forms-per-hour rate. The department is using a form of

scientific management.

In designing jobs for the salesforce of a large medical equipment company, Jake wants to motivate employees to improve performance. He will seek to meet employees' needs at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which include

self-actualization needs.

Most managers often feel the pressure of too much to do and not enough time to do it. A Wall Street Journal video series found that managers who are most effective in their time management

set aside time just to think about how to manage their time.

The individual performer is a ______and a "doer." The manager, on the other hand, has to be a _____ and learn to coordinate a broad range of activities.

specialist; generalist

A system is a set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose. The organization must be managed as a coordinated whole to achieve

synergy.

Alex and Evan are assigned a large project at work. They have expertise in product development and manufacturing, but the project requires sales, marketing, and financing knowledge. They invite three others who are proficient in these areas in order to take advantage of

synergy.

Before retooling a production line and shifting production workers from individual stations to a teamwork approach to their tasks, a manager looks at how workers might react, how scheduling will be affected, whether additional training will be cost effective, and finally how these changes can lead to greater customer satisfaction. This manager is using a(n)

systems thinking approach.

For nonmanagers, _____ skills are typically the most important, whereas managers find the greatest need for _____ skills.

technical; human

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to

techniques used to teach computer systems to learn, reason, perceive, infer, communicate, and make decisions similar to or better than human beings.

Following World War II, new concepts for management emerged, but interest remained strong in

the human aspect of managing.

In her role as manager, Jordan works to design jobs so that tasks are not perceived as dehumanizing or demeaning but instead allow workers to use their full potential. Jordan ascribes to

the human resources perspective.

The relative emphasis that a manager puts on the ten roles depends on a number of factors, including all of the following EXCEPT

the need to carry out informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles to meet the needs of the organization.

Management science developed out of the need to solve massive and complicated problems. Another name for this management approach is

the quantitative perspective.

In the process of management, the four functions of management are the activities that take an organization from _____ to _____.

use of resources; attaining organizational goals

When managers use today's competencies to carry out the management principle of leading, they

work to empower employees.