Principles of Management chapter 1-4 test

Social Responsive strategies

1.Reactive, 2.Defensive, 3.Accumulative, 4.Proactive

Organization

2 or more people working together

General and specific

2 types of Environmental change

Khloberg's Stages of Moral Development

3 Stages : Premoral, conventional morality, Post conventional.With 6 Levels: (Punishment and Obedience/Instrumental exchange) (Good Boy, Nice Girl/ Law and Order) ( Social Contrast/ Universal Principle)

Accumulative Strategy

Accept Responsibility and do all that's expected to solve the problem

Defensive Strategy

Admit Responsibility but still do the least amount of society's expectation

Henry Gantt

Advocate of Scientific Management and prodigy of Fredick Taylor. Came up with Gantt chart. Focused on training workers to meet deadlines.

Motivation to Manage

An assessment of how enthusiastic employees are about managing the work of others. -Most Important for top - Least important for First

Proactive Strategy

Anticipate and fix problem before it escalates

Uncertainty

Anxiety of not knowing what will happen in environment Ex: Not knowing if company while recover from profit loss.

Dynamic Environment

Anything technology that causes a lot of change

Personal aggression

Doing things against your coworkers. Ex: Sexual Harassment, Verbal absue

Personal Virtue

Don't Do anything without integrity.

Distribution Justice

Don't do anything that'll harm the least fortunate.

Individual Rights

Don't make decisions that infringes on someone else's rights. Ex: Not paying employee

Utilitarian Benefits

Don't take any act that doesn't result in the greater good of society- the bigger mass of people.

Companies Responsibilities

Economic, Legal, Ethical, Discretionary, Social

Concentration effect

How much the average person is affected by decision. Ex: Firing 100 people > cutting pay of 150 people

Production Deviance

Hurts quantity and quality of work done, not efficient. Ex: Leaving work early, Taking excess breaks

Social Consequence

If society believes that something is bad/unethical

General Environmental change

Indirectly affects all orgnaizations

Leading

Inspiring and motivating to reach goal

Khloberg's Post-Conventional stage

Internalized Principles - Social Contrast (Look at society as a whole, Do it if society is better off) -Universal Principle- Make decisions based off your own moral guidelines (most people don't reach this stage)

Henry Mintzberg's Top 3 Managerial Roles

Interpersonal Roles, Informational and Decisional Roles

Systems theory

It treats an organization as either an open or closed system. A system is different departments working together to reach goal of business so it can function.

Public Communications

It's volunteer participation by the media.

Principles of Ethical Decision making

Long-term Self interest, Religious Injunctions, Gov Requirements, Individual Rights, Personal Virtue, Distribution Justice, Unitarian Benefits

Social Responsibility

Making decisions that benefits society

Economic Responsibility

Making valued products so that people but it and contribute to the economy.

Liaison Role

Managers must communicate with internal and external contacts as the middleman. Network effectively on behalf of your organization.

Chester bernard

Mid 1900s -Worked for ATNT -Talked about cooperation and acceptance of an authority -Defined the meaning Organization

Mary Parker Follett

Mother of management -Integrative conflict resolution and concept of finding a compromise. See both sides

Leader role

Motivate and inspire others to reach goals

Complexity of environment

Numbers and intensity of the factors of change

Organizational culture

Organization's believes and values they follow publicly

human relations management

People are valuable organizational resources whose needs are important.

Knowledge Worker

People use the knowledge they have to complete their work.

Whistle blower

People who reports someone that's being injustice and unethically.

Stakeholder Model

Peter Druker's Idea- Looks at long-term survival of organization. Appeals to Stakeholder ( Anyone that has interest in the company- Customers, suppliers...)

4 functions of Management

Planning, Leading, Organizing and Controlling

Middle Managers

Plant managers, Reginal managers, e.t.c Uses (16-18 month) tactical plans to align with the manger's goals. Allocates a lot of resources and monitor managers below them.

Unethical Behaviors

Production Deviance Property Deviance Personal Aggression Political Deviance

Reactive vs Proactive

Reactive- Solves Problems when it occurs Proactive-Solve problem before it escalates bigger in the future

Boycotts

Refuse to buys products to support advocacy group Ex-Not buying things made with animal fur

Monitor Roles

Regularly seek out information related to your organization, look for relevant changes in the environment.(Ex: gov regulations) You also monitor your team.

Specific environmental change

Regulations that are specific to a certain industry

Interpersonal Roles

Relationship between you and others. Involves providing information and ideas. -Leader Role -Figure Head Role - Liaison Role

Decisional Roles

Roles in this category involve using information. -Resource Allocator -Disturbance Handler -Entrepreneur -Negotiator

Property Deviance

Sabotaging equipment deliberately, accepting kickbacks, lying, stealing from company.

True

Scientifically you have to select, train, and teach your employees management to be working with the workers. Divide responsibility evenly.

Conceptual skills

See the Organization's big picture (objective) as a whole. Figure out ways that company can be effected and fit into the external environment. - Most important for top -Least important for first

Khloberg's conventional stages

Societial Expectations -Good boy, Nice girl: Peer pressure/ Do what mass majority is doing -Law and Order- do things accordingly to the law

Spokesperson

Speaks for their organization. Responsible for spreading info about your organization and goals to the people outside it.

History of management

Study started 125 years ago mainly because of Industrial Revolution

Buyer Dependence

Supplier relies on Buyer because it might be their biggest or only buyer.

Long-term Self interest

Take no action in something that will harm the organization in the long term.

Religious Injunctions

Take no action that are unkind/harms sense of community Ex: Removing free Help-care

Gov Requirements

Take no action that goes against the law

Negotiator

Take part in and direct important negotiations within your organization. ex: salaries, schedule changes

Organizational Stories

Taking pride in history of company and applying it to the company's modern business. Ex: Walmart's history of providing community with inexpensive items.

Skills of a manager

Technical skills, human skills, conceptual skills, and the motivation to manage

General Environment Changes

Technology, Political Eagle, Sociocultural Environment

Technical Skills

The ability to apply the specialized procedures, techniques, and knowledge required to get the job done -Most important for First line -Least for Top

Punctuated Equilibrium theory

The cycle of a company or industry going through periods of really long stability, then short dynamic change.

Informational roles

The managerial roles in this category involve processing information. -Monitor Roles -Disseminator Role -Spokesperson Role

Decentralization

The process of transferring and assigning decision-making authority to lower levels of an organization

Hawthorne Studies

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied. workers' feeling and attitudes affected their work?

Internal enviroment

Things inside the company that could affect it Ex: Employees stealing from offices

External enviroment

Things out company that can affect it. Has a lot of factors that would impact the company ex: Source Scarcity, Economy dropping

Visuals Artifacts

Things we can physically see that represents culture of organization. Ex: Company dress-code, Fuel Perks

Temporal Immediacy

Time/rate between participating in and action and when we see the consequences. Ex: Firing something the next day will have a higher temporal immediacy compared to if you had months before you have to fire them

Time Studies

Timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs.

Henri Faiol

Top management Perspective -Came out with 5 Functions of Management/ 14 Principles of Management -Management can/could taught to others -Turned into 4 functions of language (planning, leading, organizing and controlling)

Magnitude of consequence

Total harm/ benefit that will come out of an ethical decision. The more people harmed the bigger the consequence

Controlling

Trying to achieve goal by motoring progress.

Motions Studies

Use of motion studies to simplify work, eliminate Unnecessary Motions

Efficiency

Using all your resources like money, time, materials and people.

Media Advocacy

Using extra news coverage and media to reach others and make something seem unethical because it'll impact everyone.

U.S sentencing commission guidelines

What we can use to define unethical behaviors. Applies to all organizations.

organizational Heros

Will go above and beyond/ qualities that are celebrated. Employees that will go out of their ways to do things they don't have to

RateBusters

Workers that are more efficient than everyone else

Human Skills

Working well/ communicating with other. Dealing with humans -Important for ALL managers

Frederick W. Taylor

father of scientific management- a method of scientifically finding the "one best way to do a job".

Technology

use it to figure out techniques to transform input/output -Customers value it and it;s always changing and change the economy

Gantt chart

visual depiction to show us what time period and order things need to be done.

Khloberg's Premoral Stages

-Punishment and obedience: Doing things so you don't get punished -Instrumental changes: Doing things that advances your wants and need

Scientific Management

A management theory that concentrates on increasing workforce productivity.

Mission statement

A quote that states company's goals. Ex: Walmart- "Saving people money so they can live better."

Sociocultural enviroment

A set of beliefs, customs, practices and behavior that exists within a population. Different Cultures might have different spending happens therefore adapt to different culture's environment

Open system

A system that is open to influences from the environment. No businesses are closed system because you have to use your environment to be successful.

Behavioral Addition vs Substitution

Behavioral Addition- Adding a behavior Ex: Say thank you to customers Behavioral Substitution- Replace behavior with new ones

Frank and Lillian Gilberth

Believed in scientific Management and came up with Motions Studies

Opportunistic Behaviour

Benefiting from the expense of the other (buyer or supplier) Ex: If supplier raises price on a buyer that is supplier dependence on them and have no other supplier to go to.

Top Manager

CEO, COO, CFO: executives responsible for the overall direction of the organization. Uses long term (3-5 years) strategic plans to monitor their business environments

Probability of effect

Chance of something happening and harming others

Disseminator Roles

Communicate potentially useful information to your staff.

Competitors

Companies in the same industry that sell the same things Ex: Amazon vs Ebay

Supplier dependence

Company relies on supplier because it's the only supplier that has what they want/specifically needs.

Advocacy Groups

Concerned citizens who ban together to influence businesses and companies Uses 3 methods: Public communications, Media Advocacy, Boycott

Entrepreneur

Create and control change within the organization. Solving problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them.

First Line managers

Department Managers/ Shift Supervisors: Short terms, Day to Day Operational plans (highest 2 weeks) used to supervise employees, train, schedule and minor banking financials. Goals should align with Middle manager

Resource Allocator

Determine where organizational resources should be applied. Allocating funding, assigning organizational resources. (ex: Staff)

Political Eagle

Different regulations that impact all organizations -Tax plans, Civil Rights acts, Obama Care

political Deviance

Discriminating, gossiping, blaming and competing non-beneficially with other coworkers

Reactive Strategy

Doing Less than what society expects

Environment

Everything outside company that will impact it. Ex: customers, competitors

Industrial Regulations

FDA, EPA, FCC- government rules that controls a business/organization

Figure Head Role

Face of company/ Most well Known/ Public Figure. People look up to you as someone with authority.

Peter Drucker

Father of Modern Management, management by objectives. -Came up with Decentralization and knowledge workers

Lillian Gilberth

First woman to get PHD in Industry. Who convinced the government to enact laws regarding workplace safety, ergonomics, and child labor.

Ethical Responsibility

Follow company's principles of right and wrong

Legal Responsibility

Follow the law

Shareholder model

Freidman's Idea- Organization's Responsibility is to make a profit. The more profit a organization makes, the more money shareholders have and the more they can give to society. Social Responsibility is a was of work.

Max Weber

German who focus on sociology 1800-1900 -People should be in management positions because of their knowledge and experience and expertise.

Management

Getting work done through others effectively (Set a goal and achieve it) and efficiently.

Discretionary Responsibility

Going above an beyond to be socially responsible- Giving to charity

Disturbance Handler

Handling unexpected roadblock. Take immediate action to solve problem. Problems like: weather. Harassment. Equipment Malfunctions

Eltmayo

Hawthorne Experiment 1928, founder of the human relations movement -Makes sure everyone worked together so no one lets each other down

Social Responsiveness

How a company reacts to all the other responsibilities, based on society.

Contingency Management

an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation.

soldiering

deliberately not working and restricting out-put.

Organizing

designing jobs, grouping jobs into manageable units, and establishing patters of authority among jobs and groups of jobs

Planning

determining the organization's desired future position and deciding how best to get there