Principles of Management Chapters 10, 11, & 13

d. functional

A(n) _____ group is a permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon.

a. routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous

According to Fiedler, a task is structured when it is _____.

Interpersonal relations

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, which of the following is a hygiene factor on the job?

esteem

According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for recognition, positive self-image, and self-respect.

consult (group)

According to Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership, for a given problem statement, if the decision significance, importance of commitment, and leader expertise are all high, but the likelihood of commitment and group support are both low, the recommended decision-making process is _____.

b. A person must believe that if effort is expended, high performance will result.

According to expectancy theory, in order for motivated behavior to occur, which condition must be met?

searching for ways to satisfy the need.

According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is

Variable-interval

Alberto complimented Daniel on his project updates two weeks in a row. Then he waited a month to compliment him again. Not knowing when Alberto will drop by for inspection, Daniel keeps his projects updated regularly. What reinforcement schedule is he using?

Instrumental compliance

Although she could have refused the project, Marah agreed to work on it because she knows that if she does well, her manager will consider her for a promotion. Which type of power is Marah's manager using?

equity theory

Ana is a police detective and is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She is increasingly feeling underrewarded for her efforts. In terms of _____, she will decrease her inputs by refusing to do additional work and try to reduce the gap between work and rewards.

a set of characteristics found in people who can influence the behavior of others

As a property, leadership can be best defined as _____.

d. Task-oriented

Dane has been appointed leader of a project task force. He has legitimate power in this position. The task is unstructured. Also, Dane has weak leader-member relations. According to Fiedler's LPC theory, what type of leadership style is appropriate in this situation?

c. interpersonal attraction

Darcy joined a group supporting literacy in elementary schools because the teachers in the group all shared his outlook on primary education. He joined for _____.

norming

During the _____ stage of group development, group members begin to recognize and accept their roles, and understand the roles of other members.

forming

Elena is getting to know the other members of her project team. A group structure is beginning to emerge as the members establish some basic ground rules and figure out acceptable behaviors and roles. This group is in the _____ stage of development.

Performance-to-outcome expectancy

Geert believes that if he and his team complete their project under budget and time constraints, they will all receive a bonus. Geert also believes this might result in a promotion for him. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate?

c. good leader-member relations, highly structured tasks, and strong leader position power

In Fiedler's model, the most favorable situations are those that have _____.

were high performers.

In the Ohio State studies, employees of supervisors who ranked high on initiating structure

Motivation

In the two-factor theory, the factors that influence the satisfaction continuum, which are related specifically to work content, are called _____ factors.

confrontation

Interpersonal problem solving refers to the resolution of conflict using _____.

High performance

Jewel works as part of a team that is engaging, and she enjoys being a part of it. Even though the team members enjoy working with each other, they are all committed to performing at a high level. When cohesiveness and performance norms are high, what is the likely outcome?

e. positive reinforcement

Juslio put in extra hours to complete an important project on time after unanticipated complications threw it off schedule. In recognition of his efforts, he received a bonus. This motivates him to put in more hard work and better performances. The organization has used _____ to strengthen his behavior.

Extinction

Leo told an inappropriate joke at the staff meeting, and his coworker ignored it by not laughing or acknowledging it. What was she using to change this behavior?

placing employee groups in competitive situations

Managers can stimulate conflict by _____.

Achievement

Marco thrives on setting goals for himself, and he has a strong need for specific and immediate feedback. Which need does this fulfill for Marco?

b. Achievement-oriented

Mihee, the chief nurse in a hospital, sets challenging goals for her subordinates because she has confidence in her fellow nurses. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Mihee exhibiting?

Complacency

Nour's group gets along well and never experiences any conflict. All group members agree when someone has a new suggestion or idea. If no conflict is ever experienced, what might be the outcome for the group?

Authority-compliance

Paramita is a manager who is extremely intent on getting the job done. She does not show much consideration for her staff, and she expects them to work late as needed to meet deadlines and achieve goals. According to the Leadership Grid, Paramita's style reflects what type of management?

Task structure

Petra knows what is expected of her at work, and she has procedures and precedents to rely on when she is uncertain. Which of the following does Petra experience a high degree of?

coercive

Punishment involves the use of _____ power.

a. stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership _____.

e. functional group

The nursing staff in the operating room at the local hospital are an example of a(n) _____.

expected

The process of establishing a role structure begins with the _____ role.

referent

When a leader has a high degree of charisma and loyalty, they also have a high degree of _____ power.

Participative

When a person has an internal locus of control, which leadership style will likely be best for them?

Trait approach

Which of the following approaches to identifying a leader is a person using if he votes for a politician based on his communication skills, intelligence, appearance, and assertiveness?

Intrasender

Which type of conflict occurs when a single source sends clear but contradictory messages?

Interrole

Which type of conflict occurs when there is a conflict between the roles one plays in different teams and one's permanent role in a functional group?

low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy

Woojin believes his union will protect him from getting fired, and he believes that the only way to get a promotion is if the person above him retires or dies. Woojin has _____.

difficulty

Workers at Windlock Works Inc. were instructed by their supervisor to bring quality defects down to 1 per 1 million pieces, a 350 percent improvement, in the next three months. The workers are most likely to be challenged by goal _____.