Principles of management test 1234567

When a wronged employee discusses an alleged contract violation with the immediate supervisor, which process has been initiated?

A grievance procedure

Intentionally seeking and hiring qualited or qualflable employees from racial, sexual, and ethnic group that are underrepresented In the organization ls known as what?

Affirmative action

What can an employer use to intentionally and proactively seek and hire employees from underrepresented groups?

Affirmative action

In the Big Five Personality Traits, this trait involves a person's ability to get along with others.

Agreeableness

What is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm

Which of the following is an example of a direct form of discrimination?

An organization refusing to promote employees belonging to an ethnic minority into management

When L'Meese is feeling stressed, she often will go to the gym at lunch. What effect on stress would exercise offer L'Meese?

Confidence and optimism

The process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement is known as what?

Departmentalization

Rabeya gives her employees a lot of freedom as to how they get their work done and the goals they set for themselves. She also allows them to make decisions that will allow them to resolve issues that arise. What does Rabeya use to motivate her employees?

Empowerment

What is the name or abbreviation for the law that requires employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family and medical emergencies?

FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993)

In the psychological contract, this is the term for what the organization provides to the individual (pay, benefits, job security, and recognition, etc.)

Inducements

Which of the following is an intangible determinant of individual performance?

Motivation

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely possess.

Openness

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory by tying target behaviors to a specific form of reinforcement?

Organizational behavior modification

Why are piece-rate incentive plans prone to fail?

Performance is not always under the worker's control.

A major redesign of all areas of an organization known as may be necessary to achieve major gains in cost reduction, service, or time.

Reengineering

Eloisa is a high school student with a high need for achievement. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Eloisa?

She has a desire to assume personal responsibility.

Which of the following is likely to result when an employee is satisfied at work?

They tend to be absent less often.

law forbids discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in all areas of the employment relationship?

Title Vll of the Civil Right Act of 1964

What is the purpose of the collective bargaining process?

To agree on a labor contract

What is the purpose of arbitration during a contract dispute?

To resolve contract disputes

The Lewin Model for change starts with what Lewin calls which is when individuals must be shown why the changed is necessary.

Unfreezing

If some people have a better chance than others to achieve higher output, objective measures of performance are skewed by _____.

an opportunity bias

Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through _____.

avoidance

Family and community relationships outside of work as well as friendships on the job all satisfy the need for _____

belongingness

Rebeya admires her friend Pallavi's extraverted nature. She knows Pallavi is always ready to meet with her and other colleagues to share ideas. Rebeya's knowledge about Pallavi portrays the _____ component of her attitude.

cognitive

The conflict individuals may experience among their own attitudes is called _____.

cognitive dissonance.

Serena is good supervisor and was recently sent to a two-week educational course by her employer to help her get the skills she needs for promotion to a higher management post. The human resource management concept illustrated in the scenario is _____.

development

Martha is given a new office and a new job title as recognition for her accomplishment over her years of service to the organization. She is satisfied with the recognition and respect from her colleagues. This portrays that the organization is addressing her _____ needs.

esteem

Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening. She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project. She is most likely in the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

exhaustion

Online postings, executive search firms, referrals by present employees, and hiring walk-ins are all _____ methods.

external recruiting

Clara plays offensive pranks at her workplace, which were so far encouraged by her colleagues. To make sure that she does not repeat such behaviors, managers at the organization instruct her colleagues to ignore her actions. The reinforcement method adopted by the organization is _____.

extinction.

Consequences of organizational stress include _____.

feelings of exhaustion

A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time, is using a(n) _____ schedule.

fixed-ratio

A business that has a corporate university _____.

has its own self-contained training facility

An individual who experiments with new ideas and gambles on new products is said to have a(n) _____.

high risk propensity

At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their employees with _____.

incentives

The _____ component of an attitude reflects how an individual expects to behave toward or in the situation.

intentional

Physical demands are stressors associated with _____.

job settings

What is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts?

job specialization

Top managers at Phoenix Inc. are all computer engineers and are highly regarded by other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with information about openings at other companies. The managers are examples of _____.

knowledge workers

The needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are referred to as _____ needs.

manifest

Jasmine gives all of her employees the same base salary and does not provide annual raises. However, throughout the year, she gives employees financial rewards tied to specific performances. The type of reward system used by Jasmine is an example of _____.

merit pay

Dorina seems to invent problems where they do not exist. Even when given an ample budget and a roomy schedule, she warns that she may not be able to finish on time and points out all the areas where things could go wrong or come in over budget. Dorina has a high degree of _____.

negative affectivity

According to Maslow, an individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy _____ needs.

physiological

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using_________.

positive reinforcement

A(n) _____ lists each important managerial position in an organization, who occupies it, how long he or she will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be a qualified fill-in.

replacement chart

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act _____.

requires passive nondiscrimination

Fred has seen all the newest releases of war movies, and all of them were directed by women. Fred is a veteran, and he found these movies to be inaccurate. Fred now believes that female directors are not capable of making war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of _____.

stereotyping

A criticism against executive compensation in recent years is that________.

there seems to be no relationship between organization's performance and executives' compensations

A performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone around them—their boss, their peers, and their subordinates is known as _____.

360-degree feedback

Arayla respects her manager, but she will question some of her manager's decisions when she doesn't agree with them. She doesn't hesitate to disagree with her boss or a client when she feels they are wrong. Which aspect of personality addresses Arayla's belief about power and status differences?

Authoritarianism

In the job characteristic approach, which characteristic relates to the degree of control the worker has over how the work is performed?

Autonomy

What is the extent to which a person behaves in the same way in different situations?

Distinctiveness

As a business matures, there is a normal process leading to system decline known as ______

Entropy

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

Fixed-interval

What is the tool used by organizations that lists the duties of a job; the job's working conditions; and the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform it?

Job Description

This alternative to job specialization involves increasing the total number of tasks that workers perform.

Job Enlargement

According to McClelland's Individual Human Needs Theory, there are three human needs that are important to organizations: achievement, affiliation and_____

Power

A portion of LongTech's revenue is placed into a pool which is distributed to all employees. What type of incentive is this?

Profit sharing

Discuss the contents of the Equal Employment Opportunity Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Prohibits discrimination based on race, color , national orgins in programs receiving federal financial assistiamce

What is the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return?

Psychological contract

The _____ lists the duties of a job, the job's working conditions, and the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform it.

job description

Annika is excited about her new job. She thinks it will be exciting, fulfilling, rewarding, and allow her the standard of living she is looking for. She also understands what the organization expects her to contribute. She has made a(n) _____ with her new employer.

psychological contract

Nelson recently attended an interview where the HR manager showed him a video of an ordinary work day in the organization and explained in detail the expectations of the job. The HR manager also explained about the criteria for promotions in the company. Although some of the information did not appeal to Nelson, he was sure about what to expect from the job and the company. The organization used the _____ method in the interview.

realistic job preview

Which training method would be most effective for training employees about ethical dilemmas and ethical decision making?

Case discussion groups

The firefighters in several cities in the area have been working long hours, and they feel they are underpaid. They have been picketing for increased wages, additional staff, and fewer hours. However, they are considered essential to the security of the country. What can be done to force them back to work?

Enforce the National Emergency Strike provision.

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray?

Extraversion

Beata's employer has announced a goal of helping workers achieve a healthier lifestyle. Beata now chooses healthier snacks, and she has joined an exercise group at work.Which attribute of the expanded goal-setting theory best portrays this example?

Goal acceptance

Marah likes to start large projects immediately and get them done. Ozlem likes to think about her projects for a while before starting them. When Marah and Ozlem were asked to work together on a project, both experienced stress. What was this stress due to?

Interpersonal demands

Which of the following is true of job sharing?

It allows the organization to benefit from the talents of more people.

Which of the following is true of attribution?

It is dependent on consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.

Physiological, security, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization are among the needs people must satisfy in order according to which management theorist?

Maslow

What is a counterproductive side effect of using punishment as a reinforcement method?

Resentment

Which of the following serves to weaken organizational commitment?

Seeing oneself as an outsider

What can an organization do to best utilize and integrate contingent workers?

Set a strategy and follow it consistently.

The number of people who report to a particular manager is known as their______ of management.

Span

. For many executives, which type of incentive makes up the largest share of their salary mix?

Stock options

Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly?

Equity theory

True or False: People often resist change for various reasons. One way to overcome resistance to change is by preventing people from participating in the change process.

False

What is the systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization?

Job analysis

According to research, a person with which personality attribute is more likely to produce higher overall job performance?

More extroverted

Ahmed, the head of human resources (HR), is reviewing a five-year strategic plan that projects 15% annual sales growth. Based on this projection, the human resources department estimates that the company will need an additional 75 employees during the plan period. Which HR planning tool did Ahmed use to identify this need?

Forecasting

What is the management process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union?

Labor relations

What is the process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union?

Labor relations

Ahmed knows his project is important to the department and the organization. Since it is due on Monday, Ahmed decided to review it once more over the weekend to make sure it is perfect. Which type of contribution is Ahmed making toward the organization?

Loyalty to the organization

Bernard, uses his subordinates to gain personal benefits by promising them false rewards. Bernard's personality trait is an example of _____.

Machiavellianism

Sushil knows it is important to manage her stress, and she has started to incorporate time management skills into her daily routine. Which of the following will help Sushil with her time management goals?

Making a list of things to accomplish each day

According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, a manager must provide ______ and_______ factors to employees in order to produce a high level of job satisfaction.

Motivation and Hygiene

This personality type indicator uses a questionnaire to differentiate personalities across four dimensions such as extraversion versus introversion.

Myer-Briggs Type Indicator

The _____ sets up a procedure for employees to vote on whether to have a union.

National Labor Relations Act

What are the consequences of behaviors in an organizational setting, usually indicated through rewards?

Outcomes

Geert believes that if he and his team complete their project under budget and time constraints, they will all receive a bonus. Geert also believes this might result in a promotion for him. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate?

Performance-to-outcome expectancy

Destani is very open to new ideas, and she has a high degree of energy. She is also independent and has a lot of self-confidence. Which attribute of creativity does this describe?

Personal traits

Which is a type of reward system wherein an organization pays an employee a certain amount of money for every unit he or she produces?

Piece-rate incentive plan