Private Pilot Chapter 5
The correct method of stating 5,500 feet MSL to ATC is
"FIVE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED." Altitudes should be stated as individual numbers with the word hundreds or thousands added as appropriate. In this case, 5,500 feet should be read as "FIVE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED."
When flying HAWK N666CB, the proper phraseology for initial contact with McAlester FSS is
"MCALESTER RADIO, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER." When transmitting to Flight Service in flight, use the name of the FLight Service facility in the area followed by the word "radio." Give your full call sign of your aircraft, using the phonetic alphabet.
The correct method of stating 10,500 feet MSL to ATC is
"ONE ZERO THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED." For altitudes at 10,000 feet MSL and above, pronounce each digit of the thousands, so that 10,500 becomes "ONE ZERO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED."
As standard operating practice, all inbound traffic to an airport without a control tower should continuously monitor the appropriate facility from a distance of
10 miles. In addition to monitoring a CTAF within 10 miles when inbound or outbound from a non-towered airport, you should also make an initial call to announce your intention if you plan to land at the airport. You should then report on each leg of the pattern.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the central standard time zone at 0930 CST for a two-hour flight to an airport located in the mountain standard time zone. The landing should be at what time?
1030 MST. To find the arrival time, add two hours to the 0930 departure time to get 1130 CST. Because mountain time is one hour earlier than central time, subtract one hour, for a landing time of 1030 MST.
Unless otherwise authorized, if flying a transponder equipped aircraft, a pilot should squawk which VFR code?
1200. The transponder code for standard VFR is 1200. Code 7700 is to communicate an emergency and 7600 is for two-way radio communications failure.
If air traffic control advises that radar service is terminated when the pilot is departing Class C airspace, the transponder should be set to code
1200. When radar service is terminated, you no longer squawk a discrete code and should switch to the standard VFR code of 1200.
When activated, an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) transmits on
121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. The frequencies used for ELTs are the emergency frequencies of 121.5 MHz (VHF) and 243.0 MHz (UHF).
While on a VFR cross-country flight an not in contact with ATC, what frequency would you use in the event of an emergency?
121.5 MHz. If you are not already talking to ATC on another frequency, squawk 7700 and use the emergency frequency of 121.5 to obtain assistance.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the eastern daylight time zone at 0945 EDT for a 2-hour flight to an airport located in the central daylight time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?
1545Z. To convert the local departure time to UTC, add four hours (0945+4=1345). Two hours later is 1545Z.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the mountain standard time zone at 1515 MST for a 2-hour 30-minute flight to an airport located in the Pacific standard time zone. What is the estimated time of arrival at the destination airport?
1645 PST. Add 2:30 to 1515 MST to find the arrival time of 1745 MST. Convert MST to PST by subtracting one hour. The answer is 1645 PST.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the central standard time zone at 0845 CST for a 2-hour flight to an airport located in the mountain standard time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?
1645Z. Departure time (0845) plus two hours is 1045 CST. Convert CST to UTC by adding six hours, for a landing time of 1645Z.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the mountain standard time zone at 1615 MST for a 2-hour 15-minute flight to an airport located in the Pacific standard time zone. The estimated time of arrival at the destination airport should be
1730 PST. Add 2:15 to 1615 MST to find the arrival time of 1830 MST. Because PST is one hour earlier than MST, the arrival time is 1730 PST.
(Refer to Figure 27.) An aircraft departs an airport in the Pacific standard time zone at 1030 PST for a 4-hour flight to an airport located in the central standard time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?
2230Z. Add four hours to 1030 PST to find the arrival time of 1430 PST. To convert PST to UTC, add eight hours. The landing time is 2230Z.
(Refer to Figure 52.) The landing distance available on Rwy 17 at Lincoln Airport is
5,400 feet. The landing distance available (LDA) appears under Runway Declared Distance Information section. For Rwy 17, it is 5,400 feet.
FAA advisory circulars containing subject matter specifically related to Airmen are issued under which subject number?
60. Advisory circulars relating to Airmen are issued under subject number 60.
(Refer to Figure 52.) The landing distance available on Rwy 32 at Lincoln Airport is
7,816 feet. The landing distance available (LDA) appears under Runway Declared Distance Information section. For Rwy 32, it is 7,816 feet.
When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which codes?
7500. Avoid inadvertent selection of transponder codes that set off alarms at ATC facilities. These codes are: 7500 for hijacking, 7600 for two-way radio communications failure, and 7700 for other emergencies.
FAA advisory circulars containing subject matter related to Air Traffic Control and General Operations are issued under which subject number?
90. Advisory circulars relating to Air Traffic Control and General Operations are issued under subject number 90.
The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system includes what primary components?
ADS-B ground station; aircraft GPS receiver, ADS-B Out transmitter, and ADS-B In receiver. The ADS-B system depends on accurate GPS positions transmitted from each aircraft--GPS is a core component. The ADS-B Out transmitter in your aircraft sends your GPS position to ATC through the ADS-B ground station, which transmits information back to aircraft through the ADS-B In receiver.
When must the battery in an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) be replaced (or recharged if the battery is rechargeable)?
After one-half of the battery's useful life. The ELT battery must be replaced or recharged after one-half of the useful life of the battery has expired.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot during a local flight: "TRAFFIC 2 O'CLOCK, 5 MILES, NORTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic?
Between directly ahead and 90 degrees to the right. The pilot's 12 o'clock position is directly ahead, and the 3 o'clock position is 90 degrees to the right. The 2 o'clock position is approximately 60 degrees right.
(Refer to Figure 26, area 2.) What is the recommended communication procedure when inbound to land at Cooperstown Airport?
Broadcast intentions when 10 miles out on the CTAF/MULTICOM frequency, 122.9 MHz. The CTAF symbol is next to the frequency of the MULTICOM frequency of 122.9. The normal procedure is to transmit intentions when 10 miles out and give position reports in the pattern.
What information is contained in the Notices to Airmen Publication (NTAP)?
Current NOTAM (D) and FDC NOTAMs. The NTAP contains all current NOTAM(D) and FDC NOTAMs of a permanent nature available for publication.
When may an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) be tested?
During the first 5 minutes after the hour. To prevent false alerts, ELT testing should be conducted only during the first 5 minutes after any hour.
Which light signal from the control tower clears a pilot to taxi?
Flashing green. While on the ground, a flashing green light means cleared to taxi.
You can obtain pilot reports and updated weather information along your route of flight by contacting
Flight Service. Flight Service provides all non-ATC services to pilots before and during flight. Hazardous in-flight weather advisory service (HIWAS) provides automated inflight weather advisories over selected VORs, but that service is limited to specific weather products and does not replace preflight or inflight weather briefings from Flight Service. UNICOM is a privately owned air/ground communication station. UNICOM advisories usually include wind direction and speed, favored runway, and known traffic.
During ground operations, from whom should a departing VFR aircraft request radar traffic information?
Ground control, on initial contact. Request radar traffic information by notifying ground control on initial contact with your request and proposed direction of flight. At airports in Class B or C airspace, you might make this request from clearance delivery. Flight Service does not provide radar services and requesting radar service from the tower just before takeoff could delay your departure.
(Refer to Figure 52.) When approaching Lincoln Municipal from the west at noon for the purpose of landing, initial communications should be with
Lincoln Approach Control on 124.0 MHz. The Communications section of the A/FD indicates that the airport is in Class C airspace, and that you should contact approach control. When the west of the airport (180 degrees-359 degrees), the frequency to use is 124.0. The Lincoln approach control hours of operation are 1130-0600Z (5:30 a.m.-midnight local time)
An ATC transponder was tested and inspected on March 15, 2018. The next test is due on
March 31, 2020. An ATC transponder must have been tested and inspected within the preceding 24 calendar months, or its use is not permitted.
Which procedure is recommended to ensure that the emergency locator transmitter (ELT) has not been activated?
Monitor 121.5 before engine shutdown. By monitoring 121.5, you can hear the ELT signal if it is activated.
(Refer to Figure 52.) What is the recommended communication procedure for landing at Lincoln Municipal during the hours when the tower is not in operation?
Monitor airport traffic and announce your position and intentions on 118.5 MHz. The CTAF frequency is listed as 118.5, and is used when the tower is not in operation, Standard procedures are to monitor airport traffic and announce your position on CTAF.
(Refer to Figure 52.) Where is Loup City Municipal located in relation to the city?
Northwest approximately 1 mile. The first line of the A/FD includes the distance and direction from the associated city. The entry 1 NW indicates that the airport is 1 mile northwest of the city.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 360 degrees: "TRAFFIC 10 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic?
Northwest. Because the pilot's 12 o'clock position is north, the 10 o'clock position is northwest.
If the radio fails in an aircraft, what is the recommended procedure when landing at a controlled airport?
Observe the traffic flow, enter the pattern, and look for a light signal from the tower. To avoid conflicts and cause the least disruption in the traffic flow, determine the landing direction, and enter the pattern. Watch the tower for a light signal and acknowledge by rocking the wings. At night, acknowledge by flashing the landing or navigation lights.
When should you activate the IDENT function on your transponder?
On ATC request. Press the IDENT button or softkey on your transponder system only when ATC asks you to "Ident."
(Refer to Figure 52.) Which type radar service is provided to VFR aircraft at Lincoln Municipal?
Sequencing to the primary Class C airport, traffic advisories, conflict resolution, and safety alerts. The VFR services provided within a Class C airspace area include: -Sequencing for all arriving aircraft to the primary Class C airport. -Traffic advisories and safety alerts between VFR aircraft. -Traffic advisories and conflict resolution (radar targets do not touch or 500 feet vertical separation) between IFR and VFR aircraft.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 090 degrees: "TRAFFIC 3 O'CLOCK, 2MILES, WESTBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic?
South. Because the pilot is heading east, the 3 o'clock position is to the right, which is south.
What happens when you activate the IDENT function on your transponder?
The transponder return from your aircraft momentarily blossoms on the ATC display to enable easy identification. Pressing the IDENT button or softkey on your transponder system causes the transponder return to blossom on the ATC display and enables easy identification of your aircraft. It does not cause any change to the data block or zoom level on the ATC display.
What basic terminal radar services does ATC provide to VFR aircraft?
Traffic advisories, safety alerts, limited vectoring, and, in Class B airspace, separation between all aircraft. Basic radar service for VFR aircraft provides safety alerts, traffic advisories, and limited vectoring on a workload-permitting basis. In Class B airspace, ATC provides sequencing and separation for all aircraft. In Class C airspace, ATC provides sequencing for all aircraft and separation of VFR aircraft only from IFR aircraft; not other VFR aircraft.
Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) provides what services?
Traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) through your ADS-B Out transmitter and ADS-B In receiver. The ADS-B ground station receives the position that each aircraft transmits through ADS-B out, integrates it with non-ADS-B radar targets, and transmits the complete traffic picture back to aircraft. Properly equipped aircraft receive the traffic information broadcast through their ADS-B In receivers. Aircraft equipped with ADS-B In and Out can also receive traffic information directly from other aircraft, but this capability is not the same as the TCAS system that is required om airliners.
(Refer to Figure 20, area 3.) What is the recommended communication procedure for a landing at Currituck County Airport?
Transmit intentions on 122.9 MHz when 10 miles out and give position reports in the traffic pattern. The CTAF symbol is next to the frequency of the MULTICOM frequency of 122.9. The normal procedure is to transmit intentions when 10 miles out and give position reports in the pattern.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot fly north in a calm wind: "TRAFFIC 9 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic?
West. The pilot's 12 o'clock position is north, so the 9 o'clock position is west.
After landing at a tower-controlled airport, when should the pilot contact ground control?
When advised by the tower to do so. The tower normally instructs you to exit the runway and contact ground control.
An ATC clearance provides
authorization to proceed under specified traffic conditions in controlled airspace. A clearance is authorization from ATC to operate under specific conditions in controlled airspace.
While on final approach for landing, an alternating green and red light followed by a flashing red light is received from the control tower. Under these circumstances, the pilot should
exercise extreme caution and abandon the approach, realizing the airport is unsafe for landing. An alternating red and green signal means exercise extreme caution. The flashing red signal that follows means that the airport is unsafe.
An alternating red and green light signal directed from the control tower to an aircraft in flight is a signal to
exercise extreme caution. An alternating red and green light signal means the same whether you are in flight or on the ground--exercise extreme caution.
ATC advises, "traffic at your 12 o'clock." This advisory is relative to your
ground track. Controllers can see the ground track of an aircraft on radar, but cannot factor in any crab angle applied for wind correction. You must consider this when interpreting ATC traffic advisories.
A steady green light signal from the control tower to an aircraft in flight is a signal that the pilot
is cleared to land. A steady green light while in flight means that you are cleared to land.
Automatic terminal information service (ATIS) is the continuous broadcast of recorded information concerning
noncontrol information in selected high-activity terminal areas. ATIS is broadcast at certain busy airports, and provides noncontrol weather and runway information.
A flashing white light signal from the control tower to a taxiing aircraft is an indication to
return to the starting point on the airport. A flashing white light while operating on the ground means return to your starting point on the airport.
You can obtain FAA advisory circulars by
searching for them at FAA.gov. Although you might be able to buy some advisory circulars in paper form, the FAA website is by the most efficient way to obtain the most current version of most ACs. You can search for the AC by name or number at FAA.gov. The Federal Register includes changes to regulations, but not the content of ACs.
If the control tower uses a light signal to direct a pilot to give way to other aircraft and continue circling, the light is
steady red. While in flight, a steady red light means give way and continue circling.
ATC issues a safety alert to aircraft under their control
that are at an altitude believed to place the aircraft in unsafe proximity to terrain or obstructions. The types of safety alerts are: -Terrain or obstruction alert--immediately issued to an aircraft under ATC control if ATC is aware that the aircraft is at an altitude believed to place the aircraft in unsafe proximity to terrain or obstructions. -Aircraft conflict alert--immediately issued to an aircraft under ATC control is ATC is aware of an aircraft not under their control at an altitude believed to place the aircraft in unsafe proximity to each other. ATC does not provide convective thunderstorm avoidance assistance unless a pilot requests if an ATC agrees to provide the service based on workload.
Absence of the sky condition and visibility on an ATIS broadcast indicates that
the ceiling is at least 5,000 feet and visibility is 5 miles or more. ATIS broadcast at certain busy airports, and provides noncontrol weather and runway information. If the ceiling is at least 5,000 feet and visibility is 5 miles or more, reporting of the ceiling/sky condition, visibility, and obstructions to vision is optional.
If instructed by ground control to taxi to Runway 9, the pilot may proceed
to the next intersecting runway where further clearance is required. You must have an explicit clearance to cross any runway to taxi to your departure runway, and you must have a clearance to taxi once the departure runway.
TRSA service in the terminal radar program provides
warning to pilots when their aircraft are in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft. Terminal radar service areas (TRSAs) are airspace areas surrounding about 30 U.S. airports that offer radar services, but where contact with ATC is not mandatory outside of the Class D airspace. TRSA provides basic radar service, including safety alerts--warnings to pilots when their aircraft are in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft. In addition, TRSA service provides sequencing for participating VFR aircraft to the primary airport. Separation is provided between IFR aircraft, not all aircraft.
