PRM 380: Wilderness & Parks in America Final Exam Study Guide
According to Nash, Americans began to change their views of wilderness in the early 19th century to a more favorable one because of what reason?
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According to Nash, literary essays in the early 19th century suggest a certain human "quality" that was needed in order to have the capacity of enjoying the wild environment?
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According to Runte, Artists practicing the new Hudson River School style of painting were advised to depict what?
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According to the movie artist of the West Thomas Moran was part of a group of painters known as what
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According to the video artist of the West why were artists so importanted to our understanding of the wes
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After Thoreau's experience, he had a different understanding of the role of wilderness and civilization in one's life concluding that...
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How did art traditions differ between the Judeo Christian religion and eastern religions?
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Recall the painting the Ox B by Thomas Cole why is this painting so important?
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What argument did members of the heated expedition make for why Yellowstone should be protected?
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What did American trends and the list postulate?
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What exactly did the train said the list hope to transcend?
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What gave rise to the wilderness cult described by Nash in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
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What is the over arching moral of Jack London's 1903 book the call of the wind?
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What was the impetus for the first official Yellowstone expedition?
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What were the buffalo soldiers described in the film artist of the west?
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Gaining control over nature and raising crops was viewed as what?
-primeval
What did the wilderness act of 1964 create
A legal definition of what wilderness is and is not, a natural wilderness system, a process for designating new wilderness areas
Biological carrying capacity
Ability of life forms. the maximum population that a specific ecosystem can withstand (support) over long periods of time
Physical carrying capacity
Ability of the nonliving. The measure of absolute space, for example the number of spaces within a car park.
Did the movie artist of the west the work of three western artist was discussed in detail which of the following artist was not featured?
Albert Bierstadt
According to Nash which of the following alterations to the wilderness bill were classic instances of Americas ambivalence about the merits of wilderness and civilization
All were alterations to the wilderness bill that provided instances of America's ambivalence towards wilderness
Which of the following is NOT a reflection?
Badgers
What save the beaver for being hunted to extinction in America?
Beaver hats went out of style
What were the hoofed locusts that John Muir hated so much?
Bestic grazing sheep
This artist, Charles M Russell, did a lot of paintings of Indians. He wore the passing of the wild west and the frontier. According to our film artist of the west what did Russell paint or draw into many of his paintings to civilize the loss of the wild west?
Bison skulls
Who were instrumental to our understanding of what the west was like before I was transformed by the endless pursuit of progress and manifest dest
Buffalo soldiers
Transcendentalism beliefs were contrary to Calvinists beliefs in what way?
Calvinists believe people were in Natali sinful while transcenderal believed everyone had a basic goodness
A central thesis in Wendell Berry's reading, "Religion and the Environment," was:
Christians have a duty (to God) to be responsible for nature (stewardship).
Essential thesis in Wendell Berry's reading religion and the environment was
Christians have a duty to God to be responsible for nature stewardship
According to Nash in chapter 9 by the late 1890s people had started to get over the fear of wilderness and there was a reaction against conquering and condemning nature what were people starting to hate instead
Cities and civilization
Thomas Moran's paintings help to do what?
Convinced Congress to create Yellowstone National Park
What movement in 1960 found value in wilderness in part because it diametrically opposed civilization which many had come to distrust
Counter culture
In the Bible, wilderness is portrayed as what?
Desert and wasteland
Aldo Leopold noted that a genuine respect for all forms of life resulted from what
Ecological conscience
Nature means the same thing as wilderness.
False
Protection of the wilderness was the main argument for the creation of Yellowstone national park?
False
Wilderness is never associated with civilization.
False
Rachel Carson argues that the chemical war is never one because destructive insects often have a greater resurgence after spraying what phrase did Carson give for the insect resurgence
Flare back
According to Udall, what consequences resulted from the courts holding that oil belongs to whoever can capture it?
Greedy speculators rush to extract as much oil as possible before others could take it resulting in careless actions
What event marked a turning point in muirs life which led him to leave his factory job and just wander in the wilderness?
He was temporarily blinded from a factory
According to the video artist of the west why was Frederick Remington so interested in the cavalry?
His father was an officer in the cavalry
What did Rachel Carson's book silent spring bring awareness to
How DDT accumulates in the natural food chain
What caused the great dust bowl of 1930?
Increase settlement and farming of the great planes, plowing of the soil that was anchored by grass, ignorance to the laws of self renewal of the great planes, regular drought cycles.
Why is DDT considered the most powerful pesticide
It was capable of killing hundreds of different kind of insects
Who was the first president of the Sierra club?
John Muir
Today which agency manages the most acreage in the wilderness preservation system
National park service
Which of the following did NOT contribute to early people's hatred and fear of wilderness?
Non-western religions
Which of the following did not contribute to early peoples hatred and fear of wilderness
Non-western religions
Thoreau believed that an increasingly technological civilization was what?
Overwhelming innocence, simplicity, and good taste.
Lynnway argues that the victory of Christianity over blank was the greatest psychic revolution in the history of western culture especially in regard to explaining western beliefs and attitudes towards nature the result was losing a key connection with the natural world
Paganism
From a biblical point of View, what is the difference between paradise and wilderness?
Paradise is cultivated garden where God is supplying everything man could want the wilderness is godless forsaken and you can't get lemonade or even water
What was the most numerous wildlife species on the continent that was harvested to extinction?
Passenger pigeons
What is the etymology (roots) of the English word "wilderness"?
Place of wild beasts
What is the etymology of the word wilderness
Place of wild beasts
Aldo Leopold proposed what area should be set aside as the first managed wilderness
Portions of the Gile national forest
The natural resource philosophy took its roots from the romantic movement and emphasize the romantic, aesthetic, moral, spiritual, and seeded qualities of nature?
Preservationism
Which of the following opposed the wilderness bill
Professional forsters, wood using industry, proponents of mass recreation, government bureaus
Aldo Leopold argues that to develop an ethic towards the land we first must start viewing land as what
Property
Nash argues that the modern wilderness philosophy is the result of what
Ratio of wilderness to civilization
According to Nash, the Boy Scout movement was away to what?
Retain the influence of wilderness in modern society
What was Carson's role in American environmentalism
She helped develop the notion of ecosystem, she wrote eloquent books for children and adults on the beauty of the natural world, she was one of the first women involved in the field of conservation biology, she brought attention to the harmful effects of broad-spectrum pesticides on the environment.
The wilderness as described in Nash chapter 9 in turn of the century America was seen as offering a cure to what
Softness citification to much progress and being over civilized
Wilderness intern of the century America was seen as offering a cure to what?
Softness, crucifixion, too much progress, and being over civilized.
What was the myth of superabundance?
That's soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife were infinite and inexcusable.
Later romantic painters started to appreciate the wild, rough, raw, uncultivated, dangerous, exciting side of nature, and painted scenes of mountains, waterfalls, trees, and storms. What would best describe the scene?
The Sublime
Psychological carrying capacity
The ability of humans. maximum number of users above which recreation experience diminishes
What were the reasons Hayden gave to Congress from making Yellowstone and national P
The area was not suitable for grazing, the area was not suitable for mining, and the area could become another Niagara Falls.
What is biomagnification
The increasing concentration of toxins the higher you get up the food chain
On March 3 1891 the general revisions act revised the nation's land laws and amendments added to this A provided what powers to the president.
The power to create forest reserves by withdrawal land from the public domain
What was the result of science presented by Rachel Carson's book silent spring
The public became aware of the vulnerability of nature to humans interventions and DDT was banned in the United States
What organization was created to enlist the support of people in the government and preserving the forest and other features
The sierra club
According to Nash Howard and Collin believed that
There should be a balance between wilderness and civilization
According to Nashley concept of wilderness system was an innovation preservation movement which of the following did not add to this
They took a defensive approach to each individual area needing protection
Why did the state of New York protect the Adirondacks?
Third adequate supply of water
According to the movie artist of the West, which three artists define the west for future generations?
Thomas Moran Charles Russell Frederic Remington
According to Aldo Leopold the premise of ethical understanding is that an individual is a member of a community of interrelated parts
True
Before Thoreau's experience in the wilderness, his philosophy on wilderness was juxtaposed to his discontent with society.
True
Beyond places for recreation activities Aldo Leopold viewed wilderness as a base datum abnormality to compare or impacts to build the environment
True
Early settlers views of beautiful nature were of cultivated and pastoral lands.
True
Which of the four major federal land management agencies was the first to set aside areas of its land as wilderness
USDA force service
What is meant by the term untrammeled in the wilderness act
Unconfined
Make the wilderness Blue like a rose" "it's progress" which isim is this quote most associated with?
Utilitarianism
In the biblical understanding, what was a symbol of God? The lack of this was also associated as forbidding or cursed.
Water
According to our text any place that a person feels stripped of guidance lost and perplexed may be called what
Wilderness
According to our text, and place that a person feels striped of guidance, lost, and perplexed may be called what?
Wilderness
What organization was created in 1935 for the purpose of fighting off invasion of the wilderness
Wilderness society
Pan was the...
Wood spirit, that was the spawn of Lucifer.
Where did Aldo Leopold receive his training as a Forrester
Yale University
According to Nash which term represents wilderness advocates philosophy that wilderness deserved a place within the totality of American civilization as one of its distinguishing and valuable assets
ambivalence
Rachel Carson wrote many stories about DDT in the readers digest between 1945 and 1958
false
With the environmental movement in full swing the wilderness Acnail protecting wilderness colonial nations of subdoinging wildlands and making the useful to humans has decreased
false
Cording to Rachel Carson deadlier poisons are needed to control pests because they become what
immune
According to Nash when it comes to protecting wilderness what exactly needs to be managed
people
Early settlers view of beautiful nature were of cultivated in pastoral lands
true
In chapter 9 it was discussed how in the late 1800s with the closing of the frontier American started to think they were losing what made us great contact with primitive conditions forced resourcefulness and resilience to much civilization and you lose your strength as a nation
true
According to our reading on bioaccumulation what term describes the process of chemicals entering into an organism
uptake