Prof. Comm Ch 8 to 11

Frank Sonnenberg, author of Follow Your Conscience, wrote the following quotation: _______. "Leaders with character are highly effective. They have no need to pull rank or resort to command and control to get results." "Persuasion isn't convincing someone that you are something that you're not. Persuasion is about finding an authentic story that will change beliefs or behaviors." "Communication can lead to positive experiences like self-awareness (mindfulness) and happiness." "Employees who feel empowered are more likely to accept the by-line approach."

"Leaders with character are highly effective. They have no need to pull rank or resort to command and control to get results."

The consensus among large businesses such as Best Buy, Dow Chemical, American Express, and others is that remote workers are_______ percent more productive than on-site workers. only 10 20 to 25 35 to 40 at least 50

35 to 40

Martin's work plan had to be rewritten because it did not include which of the following? A clear problem statement A detailed budget estimate A list of personnel to be used on the project A summary of his qualifications

A clear problem statement

Where are survey forms, copies of other reports, tables of data, large graphics, and related correspondence placed in a formal report? Table of Contents Executive summary Bibliography Appendixes

Appendixes

Where do incidental or supplemental materials belong in a formal report? Table of contents Executive summary Bibliography Appendixes

Appendixes

Lewis oversees the distribution of the agenda for the upcoming series of division meetings. As a rule, when should the agenda be distributed? As soon as possible The same day of the meeting At least two days before the meeting No less than two weeks before the meeting

At least two days before the meeting

Professional marketers and salespeople follow the AIDA strategy in their sales messages because it is effective. What does the acronym AIDA stand for? Attention, interest, desire, and action Attraction, innovation, determination, and activity Appeal, input, development, and attitude Arousal, insight, direction, and activation

Attention, interest, desire, and action

Persuasive claims and complaints should use which of the following strategies? Begin with a compliment or point of agreement. Allow your anger to show or to reflect your seriousness. Don't waste time explaining why you think your claim is valid. Do not clutter with identifying data.

Begin with a compliment or point of agreement.

You have decided to ask your supervisor to authorize the purchase of iPads for your sales staff. Which of the following should be included in your request? A detailed technical explanation of how you will benefit from the device Persuasive wording such as We should or We must Clear documentation, including facts, figures, and evidence that proves how the devices will increase productivity The serial numbers for the purchase order

Clear documentation, including facts, figures, and evidence that proves how the devices will increase productivity

Which of the following does not need to be documented? Paraphrases of another person's spoken or written words Common knowledge Visuals, images, and any kind of electronic media Quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words

Common knowledge

Generally, how are business reports delivered?

Delivered in emails, powerpoints, pdfs

Organizational charts provide company information except for which of the following? Who reports to whom How many subordinates work for each manager What channels of official communication exist Departmental locations

Departmental locations

Direct vs Indirect organizational

Direct: point occurs at beginning of report Indirect: point occurs at end of report

Which of the following techniques do effective persuaders avoid using to influence others? Demonstrating their knowledge and experience and using others' ideas to support their position Emphasizing benefits for themselves rather than their audience Expecting and overcoming resistance by providing counterarguments and facts Being flexible and aiming for a mutual solution

Emphasizing benefits for themselves rather than their audience

Coleen must conduct a virtual meeting with some of her employees who work in other states. As she plans and leads this meeting, what advice should she follow? Set the meeting time using Eastern Standard Time (EST). Avoid any small talk before and after the meeting. Encourage turn-taking and ask questions of specific people. Check her messages during the meeting to demonstrate her popularity and job demands.

Encourage turn-taking and ask questions of specific people.

Which of the following contains a condensed version of a longer report? Executive summary Introduction Letter or memo of transmittal Table of contents

Executive summary

Which advice should you follow when writing a progress report? Describe current problems, but avoid discussing any anticipated problems. Explain the work currently in progress, including personnel involved, activities, methods, and locations. Avoid discussing the work already completed, and focus only on the work yet to be done. Begin the report by providing the project's expected completion date.

Explain the work currently in progress, including personnel involved, activities, methods, and locations.

(T or F) The overall design of a formatted report is unimportant as long as the necessary information is included.

False

(T or F) While outlines are often required in academia, they are generally considered a waste of time in the business world.

False

________________ examine the practicality and advisability of following a course of action.

Feasibility reports

Matthew must lay off employees in his company and wants to hold a meeting with others to help him make an effective decision. How many people should he invite to this decision-making meeting? All 550 company employees Four to seven people Branch managers from each of the company's 15 locations At least 30 people

Four to seven people

"Mobile devices are the mother of inattentional blindness. That's the state of monomaniacal obliviousness that overcomes you when you're absorbed in an activity to the exclusion of everything else." This is a quotation by which of the following individuals? Nicole Alvino, cofounder and CSO of SocialChorus Christine Porath, author of Mastering Civility: A Manifesto for the Workplace Martin Zwilling, start-up mentor, angel investor Henry Alford, author of Would It Kill You to Stop Doing That: A Modern Guide to Manners

Henry Alford, author of Would It Kill You to Stop Doing That: A Modern Guide to Manners

Which of the following illustrates a testimonial? Here's what one iPhone user has to say: "The iPhone surpasses all other smartphones on the market." We are certain you will find our phone the most innovative and reliable smartphone on the market. You'll be impressed by the unique touch screen and cutting-edge multimedia capabilities. If you have an iPhone, you can stay connected with your friends and family wherever you travel.

Here's what one iPhone user has to say: "The iPhone surpasses all other smartphones on the market."

When using the telephone in a professional matter, which of the following is true? If you made the call, remember that it is your responsibility to end the call. Avoid smiling while talking because it might make you sound insincere. When answering a call, don't identify yourself until you know who is on the other end. When answering the phone for someone who is away from the office, reveal the person's whereabouts.

If you made the call, remember that it is your responsibility to end the call.

Staff members of Teen Vogue were recently criticized for their behavior regarding which actions? Crude office comments Inappropriate tweets Unprofessional memos Unethical journalistic practices

Inappropriate tweets

Belinda is writing a report and wants to use headings to help her readers understand the organization and to add visual appeal. Which advice should she follow? Include at least one heading per page. Avoid the use of bolding on any heading. Capitalize the first letter of each word in a heading. Create headings using complete sentences.

Include at least one heading per page.

The following is NOT a recommended common topic for a written meeting agenda. Individual travel expenses for attendance Date and place of meeting Start time and end time Proposed allotment of time for each topic

Individual travel expenses for attendance

Which tool would you use to tell a compelling story by combining words, figures, and graphics? Area charts Graphic flowcharts Infographics Pie graphics

Inforaphics

Tyron recently chaired a task force that developed a Web-use policy for his company. Now Tyron must critique the performance of each member of his task force. What advice should he follow? Instead of focusing on what went wrong, use language that focuses on improvement. Deliver the criticism in a public setting to help prevent tempers from flaring. Use vague wording to be less hurtful. Avoid soliciting feedback from the individuals.

Instead of focusing on what went wrong, use language that focuses on improvement.

Plagiarism is a form of which kind of theft? Criminal Intellectual Business Literature

Intellectual

Although not as showy as social media, experts believe that direct mail still works well if it adheres to which of the following rules? It is well targeted and personalized. It is broad and reaches more prospective customers. It is political and timely. It has colorful, eye-catching graphics.

It is well targeted and personalized.

________________ are reports that recommend actions, such as buying equipment, changing a procedure, filling a position, consolidating departments, or investing funds.

Justification reports

Your company needs a new wireless provider. You have been assigned to research the alternatives and to determine the new provider. After conducting your research, which type of report should you write? Summary report Justification/recommendation report Informational report Progress report

Justification/recommendation report

The manuscript format is used in which of the following? Shorter, informal reports Infographic reports Digital reports Longer, more formal reports

Longer, more formal reports

"While some Fortune100 executives have gone to jail trying to deliver financial results at all costs, others have pushed their businesses forward with decisions rooted in integrity and a commitment to employees, customers, and shareholders." This is a quotation from which of the following individuals? Nicole Alvino, cofounder and CSO of SocialChorus Christine Porath, author of Mastering Civility: A Manifesto for the Workplace Martin Zwilling, start-up mentor, angel investor Dawn Rosenberg McKay, career planning professional

Nicole Alvino, cofounder and CSO of SocialChorus

Which factors characterize a formal writing style? Conversational and familiar Objectivity, authority, and impartiality Subjectiveness and noncontroversial First-person pronouns and shorter sentences

Objectivity, authority, and impartiality

When developing a persuasive claim or complaint message, experts suggest which of the following strategies? Provide a complete, detailed chronology of everything that happened leading up to the complaint. Avoid explaining what happened or why your claim or complaint is legitimate. Open with a statement of sincere praise, an objective statement of the problem, or a point of agreement. Wait for the receiver to propose a solution.

Open with a statement of sincere praise, an objective statement of the problem, or a point of agreement.

Which of the following statements about persuasion and persuasive messages in today's digital age is accurate? Persuasive symbols often take the form of lofty words and signs. Today's persuaders avoid the attempt to influence. Persuasive messages are fundamentally rational. Persuasive messages plant the seed and push their arguments.

Persuasive symbols often take the form of lofty words and signs.

Which of the following is not included in a feasibility report? The background and problem necessitating the proposal Problems that may result from implementation Costs of implementing the proposal Persuasive techniques

Persuasive techniques

________________ describe the status of continuing projects.

Progressing reports

Heather has just started a new job and wants to project professionalism through her voice mail. What advice should she follow? Use the same voice message even when she is on vacation or out of her office. Respond to any messages that she receives within seven business days. Record a personal greeting that includes her name, her phone number, and an invitation for leaving a message. Use voice mail to avoid taking any phone calls to ensure that she completes her daily tasks.

Record a personal greeting that includes her name, her phone number, and an invitation for leaving a message.

When utilizing the interview form of research, it is important to practice which of the following? Allow your subject to ramble as long as they need to. Ensure that your questions are subjective. Research the background and terminology of the topic. Always conclude the interview with specific bias questions.

Research the background and terminology of the topic.

While receiving her performance review, Dana is surprised by several comments that she feels are inaccurate. How should she react to the criticism? Interrupt her supervisor frequently to comment on the suggestions being made and defend her position at every opportunity. Agree with all criticism to avoid being confrontational. Place blame for anything negative being said on others in her department. Restate what she is hearing in her own words.

Restate what she is hearing in her own words.

When using cell phones professionally, which of the following is true? Always keep your cell phone on so that you don't miss an important business call. Raise your voice to make sure that the person on the other end can hear you. Screen incoming calls and let voice mail take routine calls. Select a unique ringtone to display your creativity and sense of style.

Screen incoming calls and let voice mail take routine calls.

You want to incorporate graphics into a report. Which advice should you follow? Use lots of color to add visual interest for your readers. Place all graphics in the report appendix. Manipulate the graphics' figures to make them more impressive. Select appropriate captions or titles for the graphics.

Select appropriate captions or titles for the graphics.

"Complaining for the purpose of resolving a concern or grievance is helpful for mental health" is a quotation from _______. Jan Sims Shadeen Francis Lee Hartley Carter Elon Musk

Shadeen Francis

Which of the following is an example of a talking heading? Wellness Incentive Insurance Costs Problems Study Reveals Higher Insurance Premiums

Study Reveals Higher Insurance Premiums

Your law firm has just been named co-counsel in a large lawsuit, and you have been given the task of condensing the original 500-page complaint into a shorter report for your partners to read. Which kind of report would you write? Informational report Summary report Justification/recommendation report Progress report

Summary report

Which of the following statements about teams is not accurate? Teams generally make better decisions than individuals. Teams can respond more quickly to issues and company needs than individuals. Decisions arrived jointly are usually better received because team members are committed to the solution and are more willing to support it. Teams present more risks for individuals.

Teams present more risks for individuals.

Which statement regarding workplace teams is NOT accurate? Teams should agree on their purpose and procedures. Teams should focus on collaboration rather than competition. Teams should confront conflict when it occurs. Teams should be large and homogenous.

Teams should be large and homogenous.

Brenda is a new executive trying to persuade her employees to join a new company program. Today's executives use which of the following strategies? The dictatorial method The inside-out approach The buy-in approach The cost-benefit analysis

The buy-in approach

Which of the following is an example of a report purpose statement? This report will investigate the feasibility of an on-site exercise facility for all employees. Many employees would benefit from an on-site exercise facility. An on-site employee exercise facility would improve morale. Research indicates that employees who exercise experience fewer absences.

This report will investigate the feasibility of an on-site exercise facility for all employees.

In a revision of her first persuasive draft, Alison states in the body of the letter that her company has years of experience and has received numerous awards. This strategy is an attempt to accomplish which of the following? To build interest To rely on personal contacts To motivate action To focus on confidentiality

To build interest

A proposal should be prepared for which of the following reasons? To announce a new wellness program for employees To make an offer to solve problems, provide services, or sell products To deliver bad news to employees To advertise for applicants to fill an open position

To make an offer to solve problems, provide services, or sell products`

(T or F) A work plan is a tentative schedule that guides the investigation.

True

(T or F) Formal reports begin with a purpose statement that defines the focus of the report and provides a standard that keeps the project on target.

True

(T or F) Portable document format (PDF) is a file type, invented by Adobe, that condenses documents while preserving the formatting and graphics

True

To become proficient at paraphrasing, you should practice which of the following? Always repeat the grammatical structure of the original source. Ensure that you borrow specific language and not the main points. Browse the original material to comprehend its full meaning. Write your own version without looking at the original.

Write your own version without looking at the original.

________________ examine problems with two or more solutions.

Yardstick reports

Why is face-to-face conversation considered the richest communication channel? It is more respected than instant messaging or chat. You can use your voice and body language to make a point. It projects seriousness and professionalism. It is a one-dimensional form of communication.

You can use your voice and body language to make a point.

What is a memorandum of transmittal?

a letter introducing a formal report

Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of remote work and virtual collaboration? A larger potential talent pool Less attrition Fewer absences A more diverse workforce

a more diverse workforce

What is an infographic

a visual representation of complex info in an easy to understand way

You work for a local youth sports organization, and you are writing a fundraising message targeted to young parents. You describe how sad it would be if children did not have an opportunity to participate in the upcoming season. You are using _______ to sell your services. an emotional appeal common sense a rational appeal the indirect organizational strategy

an emotional appeal

You are writing a request to invite an important political figure to speak at your college. Because you can't offer them an honorarium, you decide to stress the fact that they will be speaking and offering guidance to the political figures of the future. This emphasis focuses on _______. an indirect benefit a direct benefit a monetary value statistics

an indirect benefit

When writing a persuasive claim message to an organization, you should _______. threaten possible litigation if the claim is not granted use emotional language to show how much the situation means to you suggest that the organization intentionally deceived you appeal to the organization's sense of responsibility and pride in its good name

appeal to the organization's sense of responsibility and pride in its good name

Jon is sending physical direct mail because studies show that it _______. appears to have a greater emotional impact than digital ad content is believed to be less hated than television and radio ads is cheaper than telephone solicitations involves less customer research

appears to have a greater emotional impact than digital ad content

When should the informal writing style be used?

appropriate for familiar audiences and noncontroversial topics

When should the formal writing style be used?

appropriate for proposals and long research reports

The organizational strategy is indirect when the conclusions and recommendations, if requested, appear _______ of the report? in the addendum at the end in the prologue at the beginning

at the end

The opening of a persuasive request should _______. focus on the direct and indirect benefits to the reader capture the reader's attention and interest identify the purpose of the request include facts, statistics, expert opinions, examples, and specific details to support the request

capture the reader's attention and interest

How we approach the seemingly trivial events of work life reflects our _______ when we handle larger issues. experience and bias beliefs and prejudice morals and anger character and attitude

character and attitude

Monica is writing a business report and needs a source that will reveal past performance and methods used to solve previous problems. She should use _______. projections and analytical data surveys and questionnaires observational data company records

company records

When government organizations or businesses have a specific need, they prepare a request for proposal (RFP). This process ensures that bids are _______. awarded inequitably subject to varying criteria comparable evenly distributed throughout the country

comparable

You need to write a report that shows a company's profits by divisions located in regions around the country. You should organize your report by _______. arranging the information chronologically according to the date the profits were generated at each location incorporating extensive primary data to assure the reader of your credibility comparing or contrasting each division creating sections of the report that represent each geographic region

creating sections of the report that represent each geographic region

Andrea is trying to find an expert to advise her in writing a report. She has decided to pose her query to her social media network to get referrals and tips. This method is called _______. insourcing crowdsourcing delocalizing blogging

crowdsourcing

Professionalism _______. refers to those behaviors exhibited only to customers describes desirable workplace behavior emphasizes technical skills necessary for job performance is important only in large companies

describes desirable workplace behavior

A yardstick report should _______. be written using the direct strategy provide an update on the status of a business project be organized chronologically develop specific criteria to compare alternatives

develop specific criteria to compare alternatives

When writing a formal business report, you should begin by _______. analyzing the primary and secondary audiences for gender, age, income, and education completing a feasibility test of the market scope, economic indicators, and environmental impact conducting research to identify the most credible sources of information developing a statement of purpose that explains the goal, significance, and limitations of the report

developing a statement of purpose that explains the goal, significance, and limitations of the report

If Lucy assumes that her request is justified and will be granted, she should use the _______ strategy. indirect aggressive direct informa

direct

Which approach should be used when the topic is routine and the reader is supportive of the conclusions and recommendations? Analytical Indirect Formal Direct

direct

Karen is almost finished with her formal business report. The final step involves _______. cost estimates limiting graphics confirmation from all research sources editing and proofreading

editing and proofreading

As a leader of a meeting, you should _______. wait until all participants arrive before beginning the meeting let group members digress on agenda issues to promote group cohesiveness establish meeting ground rules during the introduction of the meeting do as much talking as possible to ensure that all issues are covered thoroughly

establish meeting ground rules during the introduction of the meeting

A research department wants to test the hypothesis that caffeine from organic coffee more safely stimulates mental alertness than caffeine from nonorganic coffee. A form of primary research that can produce data suggesting cause and effect is/are _______. experimentation medical journals web research databases

experimentation

The richest communication channel is a(n) _______. e-mail message telephone conversation business letter face-to-face conversation

face-to-face conversation

Informational reports emphasize_______. reasoning and conclusions facts personnel decisions cost and benefits

facts

1.Descriptive headings waste time and are distracting for the reader.

false

(T or F) Formal reports are drafts; writers of formal reports jot down ideas as they come and organize them later.

false Formal reports are documents where recommendations are made

________________ are a simplified and clarified way of diagramming procedures.

flowcharts

When writing a trip or conference report, you should _______. use a chronological sequencing format focus on three to five topics omit event locations avoid using headings and bullets

focus on three to five topics

Headings that consist of one- or two-word labels that show the outline of a report but provide little insight about the contents are called _______ headings. informal descript functional formal

functional

When crafting a persuasive message, posing questions is effective to _______. inform the reader gain the attention of the reader anticipate the reader's objections elicit desire and reduce resistance from the reader

gain the attention of the reader

What is documentation

giving credit to information sources

All the following are traits or skills that define professional behavior EXCEPT _______. business and dining etiquette social intelligence civility hard or technical skills

hard or technical skills

Mary is writing a letter of transmittal to accompany a report to her client. The transmittal letter should announce the topic of the report, tell how it was authorized, briefly describe the project, and _______. identify the writer of the report list the sections of the report and any appendixes highlight the report's findings, conclusions, and recommendations market additional services or products

highlight the report's findings, conclusions, and recommendations

A police captain returned several reports to their subordinates commenting that they wanted the report written in a more formal style. Depending on the circumstance, this change can be achieved by writing the report _______. using more first-person pronouns in the third person with an emphasis on a friendlier tone using shorter sentences

in the third person

Karen's previous persuasive complaints have all been ignored. In her next attempt, the _______ strategy is appropriate. hostile direct legal indirect

indirect

What is front matter?

information that comes before the body of a report

Informal proposals are sometimes called _______ proposals. unsolicited letter solicited model

letter

Your real estate firm is preparing a short informal report to send to a client. You will most likely use a _______. manuscript format letter format memo format digital template or form

letter format

Your report discusses trends in net profits over four years. To visually display these trends, you should use a _______. pie chart line chart table flowchart

line chart

________________ show changes over time, thus indicating trends.

line charts

The closing of a persuasive request should _______. focus on direct or indirect benefits to the reader mention a new, unrelated topic to end with fresh information make a specific request and motivate action anticipate objections, offer counterarguments, and show the value of the request

make a specific request and motivate action

All the following are functions of graphics except _______. clarifying data minimizing key data adding visual interest making complex data easy to understand

minimizing key data

You should organize a report using the indirect strategy when the reader _______. is familiar with the topic is eager to know the results of the investigation is supportive of the problem must be educated or persuaded

must be educated or persuaded

Kendall is participating in a work team. His team is currently discussing alternatives, evaluating outcomes, applying criteria, and prioritizing alternatives. Kendall's team is in the _______ phase of team development. forming norming storming performing

norming

Monica left a phone message to a colleague two days ago. She should _______. know she has every right to respond in an angry business manner not get angry and assume that the message wasn't delivered not leave another message avoid following up with an e-mail

not get angry and assume that the message wasn't delivered

________________ provide such information as who reports to whom, how many subordinates work for each manager (the span of control), and what channels of official communication exist.

organization charts

All the following are purposes of analytical reports except _______. presenting data without analysis offering recommendations providing conclusions persuading readers to act

presenting data without analysis

Ashly decided to use firsthand experience and observations in her report. This type of reports uses _______ data. secondary purpose-driven primary informational

primary

Company reports, printed materials, electronic resources, and interviews are all typical sources for factual information found in informal reports and are referred to as _______ data. numerical and empirical primary and secondary graphical and nongraphical formal and informal

primary and secondary

What is experimentation?

produces data suggesting cause and effect

All the following statements about proposals are accurate except _______. proposals can be informal or formal proposals are written for internal or external audiences proposals may be solicited or unsolicited proposals are informative documents

proposals are informative documents

What are periodicals?

publications produced on a set schedule

What does a table present

quantitative or verbal information in columns and rows

What is back matter

reference section

Alex is using the American Psychological Association format; therefore, his list of sources is called _______. references works cited author's list referral

references

What are analytical reports

reports that present data, analysis and conclusions

Paraphrasing is the process of _______. plagiarizing with permission from the author restating an original passage in your own words using bold fonts to quote another person's words using another author's words verbatim

restating an original passage in your own words

Nearly every research project should begin by _______. conducting an interview recording a list of potential experimental activities and personal observations developing a survey reviewing secondary data

reviewing secondary data

The hardest part of writing a trip or conference report is _______. determining whether the cost of the trip is justified deciding who should receive the report selecting the most relevant material determining the format of the report

selecting the most relevant material

Formal proposals differ from informal proposals in _______. subject matter specific type set size and format style

size and format

During her computer training class, Maria learned that when using her keywords, a search engine sends out software robots to locate requested content. These are also known as _______. spiders or crawlers query bots search bugs research beetles

spiders or crawlers

What is a purpose statement?

statement that defines the focus of a report

Careful writers document their sources to avoid charges of plagiarism, to instruct the reader, to pursue the topic further, and to _______. add length to their reports demonstrate their writing abilities strengthen their arguments and add credibility to their reports meet government regulations

strengthen their arguments and add credibility to their reports

A ________________ presents quantitative or verbal information in systematic columns and rows.

table

You oversee preparing the minutes for a recent board meeting. All the following should be included in these formal minutes except _______. the signature of the most senior official the precise wording of each motion presented the names of attendees and absentees whether the previous minutes were approved or revised

the signature of the most senior official

Lewis is writing a study to explain why people tend to regard products as having more value when _______. they are plentiful in supply the products cost less than comparable ones the products cost more than comparable ones they are scarcer

they are scarcer

One of the secrets to Tupperware sales is that people are more likely to accept requests of people _______. who are their superiors they know and like who are older than them who comment frequently on products

they know and like

What is the purpose of a business report?

to convey information to answer questions to solve problems

Downward messages within an organization require attention to _______. gender seniority counterarguments tone

tone

The best strategy for creating helpful talking headings is to write a few paragraphs first and then generate a talking heading that covers those paragraphs.

true

The first step in writing a report is _______. creating the rough draft understanding the problem or assignment conducting research selecting an appropriate format

understanding the problem or assignment

To use your voice effectively, _______. vary the pitch of your voice and talk at about 125 words per minute overemphasize all words to guarantee audience understanding keep the same volume and rate while speaking use uptalk to make your ideas clearer

vary the pitch of your voice and talk at about 125 words per minute

Monica received a great deal of praise for her marketing study which showed people see an action as more acceptable _______. when we repeat it over a long period of time when others inquiry as to why we made our choice when others are engaged in the same action when it is an emotional choice

when others are engaged in the same action

Erin, a police detective, needs to write a tentative schedule that guides an investigation. Which type of plan should she prepare? Management Timetable Work Investigative

work