Project Management Chapter 8

Normal Distribution

A ______ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population

Metric

A _______ is a standard of measurement in quality management

Defect

A _______ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements

Control Chart

A ________ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time

Analyze

An important tool used in the _______ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram

Certainty Factor

Complete the formula: sample size= .25*(_______/acceptable error)

Robust Design

Genichi Taguchi's _____ methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods

Control

In the DMAIC process, the letter "C" stands for ______

An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:

Executing

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the executing process of project quality management

Planning Quality Management

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the ______ process of project quality management

3.4

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities

Quality

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines _______ as "the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs"

Cost of Nonconformance

The ______ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations

Six 9s of Quality Role

The _______ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities

SQFD

The _______ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects

Yield

The _______ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps

Monitoring and Controlling

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the ______ subprocess of project quality management

Pareto Charts

________ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system

Project quality management

he purpose of _____ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken

Unit Test

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible

Quality Audit

A(n) ______ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects

Define

Important tools used in the _______ phase of the DMAIC process include project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and voice of the customer data

Scatter Diagram

In a _____, the closer data points are to a diagonal line, the more closely the two variables are related

Quality Control

Performing _____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.

Quality Assurance

Performing ______ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards

DMAIC

Projects that use six sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _______

Quality Control

The ________ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling

Fitness for Use

The term _______ means a product can be used as it was intended

Software Defect

Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) ______ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program

Eliminate the annual rating or merit system

Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

System Outputs

_____ are the screens and reports the system generates

Performance

______ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use

Maintainability

______ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product

Statistical Sampling

______ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection

Reliability

______ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions

Functionality

______ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function

Fitness for Use

______ means that a product can be used as it was intended

Rework

______ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations

Quality Circles

_______ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department

Features

_______ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users

Process Adjustments

_______ correct or prevent further quality problems based on quality control measurements

Cause-and-effect, fishbone, and ishikawa

_______ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations

Benchmarking

_______ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization

CMMI

_______ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes

External Failure Cost

_______ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer

Six 9s of Quality

_______ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities

Design of Experiments

_______ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process

Design of Experiments

_______ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process

User Acceptance Testing

_______ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system

Reliability

_______ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions

Appraisal Cost

_______ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range

Conformance to requirements

_______ means the project's processes and products meet written specification

Standard Deviation

_______ measure how much variation exists in a distribution of data

Crosby

_______ wrote quality is free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects

ISO 9000

_______, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization

Process Adjustments

________ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements