Prokaryotic Cells
Glycocalyx
A layer of polysaccharides that lies outside the cell wall in some bacteria
Plasma membrane
A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytoplasm
A semifluid solution composed of water and inorganic molecules encased by a plasma membrane
Fimbrae
External structure involved in attaching prokaryotes to a surface
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal pieces of circular DNA in prokaryotes
Ribosomes
Located in the cytoplasm and synthesize proteins
Cell Wall
Maintain the shape of the cell
Cell Wall
Maintains shape of cell if cytoplasm takes up an abundance of water
Conjugation Pili
Rigid tubular structures used by prokaryotes to pass DNA from cell to cell
Flagellum
Rotary filament present in some bacteria that pushes the cell forward?
Fimbrae
Small bristol-like fibers that sprout from the cell surface
Peptidoglycan
These bacteria contain unique amino disaccharide and peptide fragments
Glycocalyx
This aids in against drying out and helps bacteria resist hosts immune system
Glycocalyx
This can help bacteria attach to almost any surface and is part of the cell envelope
Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, and the Glycocalyx
Three MAIN things the prokaryotic cell envelope consists of
Ingestions and photosynthesis
What are two ways that prokaryotes metabolize?
Peptidoglycan
What bacteria does a prokaryotes cell wall contain?
A membrane bound nucleus
What do prokaryotic cells lack?
RNA and protein in two subunits
What do these prokaryotic ribosomes contain?
Filament, Hook, and Basal body
What does the flagellum consist of?
Slime Layer
What is a layer of glycocalyx that is not well organized and easily washed off?
Spirilla
What is a prokaryotic cell called that is long, twisted, spiraling, rod-shaped and is also rigid?
Spirochetes
What is a prokaryotic cell that is long, twisted, spiraling, rod-shaped, and is flexible?
Bacillus
What is a prokaryotic cell that is rod-shaped called?
Coccus
What is a prokaryotic cell that is spherically-shaped called?
Capsule
What is a well organized and not easily washed off, layer of glycocalyx called?
They are capable of photosynthesizing, the same way as plants
What is special about cyanobacteria?
Size, prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes
What is the difference between a prokaryotic ribosome and a eukaryotic ribosome?
The Nucleoid
Where is DNA located in prokaryotes
Cytoplasm
Where is the nucleoid located in a prokaryotic cell?
Plasma membrane
Has the important function of regulating the entrance and exit of substances into and out of the cytoplasm
A single coiled chromosome
How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
Asexually and they can also exchange DNA by way of the conjugate pili
How to prokaryotes reproduce? What can they also do with their DNA
T, they have thousands of ribosomes
T or F, prokaryotes have thousands of ribosomes
F, they also have extrachromosomal pieces of circular DNA called plasmids
T or F, prokaryotes only have a single coiled chromosome
F, prokaryotes lack a membrane bound nucleus, therefore they store deoxyribonucleic acid in the nucleoid
T or F, prokaryotes store DNA in their nucleus?
