Properties of water and the water cycle

cohesion and adhesion

The stickiness of water

Surface tension is the ________ across the surface of water caused by polar molecules pulling on one another

Tightness

Earth's water supply

Total amount of water on earth has not changed much since early in time The same water is cycled over and over again

Stick model

hydrogen oxygen hydrogen

Water molecule

(oxygen hydrogen hydrogen

Hydrogen

+ (positive)

Oxygen

- (negative)

How water is formed

2 hydrogen atoms join 1 oxygen atom

Cohesion

Attractive force between water molecules

Capillary action

Caused by the combined cohesive and adhesive forces between water and some other material Allows water molecules to move through materials with pores ex: water in a straw or water clinging to fabric

Explain how cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension keep the insect from falling into the water

Cohesion- stick to itself to create a film on top of the water Adhesion- the bug can stick to the water Surface tension- allows the insect to stick to the water without sinking

Surface tension

Cohesive forces among water molecules

Water cycle

Continuous process by which water moves through through bodies of water, land, and living things on earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to earth's surface Has no beginning and no end Renews the usable supply of fresh water on earth

The pulling forces the surface of water into what kind of shape

Curved shape

Water that falls on land

Evaporate, runoff into bodies of water, become ground water, or be taken up by plants and animals

Rain is always

Freshwater

Water vapor

Goes into the atmosphere Also enters the atmosphere from lakes rivers and exhaling animals

Chemical formula of water

H O 2

Water has what kind of specific heat

High

Solid form of water

Ice Molecules are tightly packed

Solid ice

Less dense than liquid water due to hydrogen bonds

Solution

Mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another

Pores

Narrow spaces

Adhesion

Occurs when water molecules are attracted to other substances ex:water on cloth or water on glass

Where most evaporation takes place

Over the ocean The salt does not get enough energy to become gas so it doesn't evaporate

A molecule that has electrical charge

Polar molecule

Runoff

Precipitation runs off the surface and flows downhill into streams These flow into larger streams then rivers and eventually back to the atmosphere

Evaporation

Process by which molecules of liquid water absorb enough energy to change to the gas state

Infiltration

Process where rain water soaks into the ground through the soil and under ground rock layers Some of this water returns to the surface at springs or in low spots downhill

States of matter

Solid - Liquid - Gas (Melting) (Evaporation)

Why solids sink

Solids are more dense than other liquids

Precipitation

Source of all fresh water on earth Water that falls to the ground as rain snow hail or sleet Most precipitation falls into the ocean

Hydrogen molecules attract oxygen molecules and as a result they...

Stick together

Solvent

Substance that does the dissolving

What the water cycle is driven by

Sun

Liquid form of wayer

Water Molecules are loosely packed and move fast

Universal solvent

Water because it dissolves more substances than any other solvent

Transpiration

Water that enters the atmosphere (evaporates) from plants As plants absorb water from the soil the water moves form the roots through the stems to the leaves adding to the amount of water vapor in the air

Groundwater

Water that remains under ground As the water infiltrates through the soil and rock layers many of the impurities in the water are filtered out

Gas form of water

Water vapor Molecules move freely and very quickly

How clouds form

Water vapor cools as it rises through the air When it reaches the dew point it will condense into liquid water and clump together around dust particles

Specific heat

Water's ability to absorb and store heat or the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a certain mass of a substance by 1 degree

Examples of solvent

When you make lemonade from a powdered mix

Precipitation and evaporation

Worldwide amounts are balanced