PSY 100 - Ch. 10

Candace participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

Candace was more likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers.

Type A

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

Type B

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people.

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. A "pet hotel" in the city has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems.

mindfulness meditation

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.

John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to:

access to a support network.

"Mindful people" show less activation in a brain structure called the _____.

amygdala

Regular aerobic exercise has been found to correlate with all the following EXCEPT:

constriction of blood vessels.

Traffic jams, dropped calls, and deadlines are examples of:

daily hassles

Looking for the "silver lining" in a challenging situation is an example of _____ coping.

emotion-focused

The proportion of very religious people is ______ that of nonreligious people who smoke.

one-half

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

our tendency to be helpful when in a good mood.

Which concept is MOST nearly the opposite of personal control?

learned helplessness

Stutzer and Frey (2006) found that the happiest 20-year-olds were _____ likely to marry and _____ likely to divorce in subsequent years.

more; less

subjective well-being

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to judge our quality of life.

Process is to event as _____ is to _____.

stress; stressor

A challenging or threatening event that causes stress is called a(n) _____.

stressor

One's ______ is sometimes defined as a high ratio of positive to negative feelings.

subjective well-being

aerobic exercise

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps reduce depression and anxiety.

resilience

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.

In a survey of nearly 165,000 American adults, Witters and Wood (2015) found that, as compared to those who had not experienced a heart attack, those who had experienced a heart attack were ______ likely to report also having been depressed at some point in their lives.

twice as

In the introduction to Chapter 10, the textbook states that _____ in 10 Americans say they frequently or sometimes experience stress in their daily lives (Saad, 2017).

8

Zelda is a human resources director for a chain of fast-food restaurants. When interviewing prospective employees, Zelda is known to finish their sentences and to be very short with them if they do not finish a sentence quickly. According to Friedman et al., Zelda is a Type _____ personality.

A

A month ago Jason lost his job due to circumstances beyond his control, and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her green card and that his rent-controlled apartment is being sold, meaning he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of the following do you think is happening to Jason?

His immune response is dropping.

problem-focused coping

attempting to reduce stress directly—by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

People tend to use emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies when they:

believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

Many people report feeling happier after performing "random acts of kindness." This is an example of:

doing good promoting feeling good.

People tend to use _____-focused coping strategies when they believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

emotion

With respect to the study of stress reactions, Cannon is to Selye as _____ is to _____.

fight-or-flight response; general adaptation syndrome

Davis was a consultant hired to give advice to operators of assisted-living facilities. The advice he was hired to give is meant to improve the health of residents. What type of advice would Davis provide to positively influence the health of residents?

give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings

relative deprivation

he perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

Studies have shown that people who are easily angered to even small amounts of stress are more prone to:

heart attacks

Curt has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him cope can be described as:

resilience

Lupus and multiple sclerosis result when the immune system:

responds too strongly and attacks the body's own tissues.

Serafina is preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise, and she will highlight that exercise orders up mood-boosting chemicals such as _____.

serotonin

Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Taylor and colleagues (2000, 2006) would say that she is responding to stress according to which of the following models?

tend and befriend

pessimist

the anticipation of negative outcomes. Pessimists are people who expect the worst and doubt that their goals will be achieved.

Frasure-Smith and Lesperance (2005) found that people with high scores for depression in the years following a heart attack were _____ times more likely than their low-scoring counterparts to develop further heart problems.

4

People with a(n) _____ outlook expect negative outcomes.

Pessimistic

emotion-focused coping

attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction.

Unpredictable large-scale events such as tornados, tsunamis, and terrorism are examples of:

catastrophes

Across the adult lifespan, the amount of stress that people experience:

decreases

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which of the following factors increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?

depression

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of the following would you also recommend to enhance his treatment?

do aerobic exercise

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior BEST illustrates:

emotion-focused coping.

The phase of the general adaptation syndrome which is MOST similar to the fight-or-flight response is:

the alarm reaction

Jessica was walking home from work when she found a $20 bill on the ground. No one was around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely?

Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman.

_____ are cells that identify, pursue, and attack harmful invaders in the body.

Macrophages

James is a married man who has six children and another one on the way. He has a demanding job as a cardiologist in a major research hospital. His wife, Molly, is a stay-at-home mother. He is described by friends as easygoing, happy, and content with his life. His wife is often stressed by the demands of pregnancy as well as raising six small children. She is frequently angry with James for not "taking parenting more seriously." Which of the following statements is MOST likely true?

Molly is more at risk for stress-related illnesses than James is.

Susan was diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer and was referred by her doctor to a mindfulness meditation group. Her doctor explained that meditation may help her by:

improving immune system functioning and coping.

A researcher defines subjective well-being as the ratio of positive to negative emotion words that participants check on a list. This precise _____ definition should allow subsequent researchers to replicate her work.

operational

adaption-level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our past experiences.

_____ refers to the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

relative deprivation