PSY 104 (Ch. 3)

The time for one cycle of lunar phases is which of the following? ------------------------ about 24.8 hours the same as the time for one cycle of the moon relative to the sun the same as the time for one cycle of the moon relative to the stars about one day about one year

the same as the time for one cycle of the moon relative to the sun

If the moon reaches full phase on May 6th, it is at the _____ phase on May 17th. ------------------------------------------ waxing gibbous waning gibbous waning crescent waxing crescent new

waning crescent

Due to Earth's elliptical orbit, Earth is a little closer to the sun in January than in July. Because of this, which is true for winter in the southern hemisphere?

It is a little cooler than in the northern hemisphere.

Due to Earth's elliptical orbit, Earth is a little closer to the sun in January than in July. Because of this, which is true for summer in the northern hemisphere?

It is a little cooler than in the southern hemisphere.

Why does the sun move relative to the stars as observed from Earth?

It is due to Earth revolving around the sun.

If a solar eclipse occurs on October 3rd, why can't there be a solar eclipse on December 28th that same year?

It is not eclipse season during that time.

Which of the following is true when it is winter in the southern hemisphere?

It is summer in the northern hemisphere.

Which of the following is true about the umbra of the moon's shadow? -------------------------------------- It is very dark, in total shadow, and its cone points away from the sun. Its cone points toward the sun. It is semi-dark and in partial shadow. It is semi-dark, in partial shadow, and its cone points toward the sun. It is very dark and in total shadow. Its cone points away from the sun.

It is very dark, in total shadow, and its cone points away from the sun.

Which of the following is true for summer in the northern hemisphere?

It occurs during winter in the southern hemisphere.

In one cycle of lunar phases, each crescent and gibbous phase has a duration of about one -------------------------- a. year. b. month. c. hour. d. week. e. day.

d. week.

During an annular eclipse of the sun, which of the following could you see?

part of the photosphere

If the moon is at one of its nodes, it must be which of the following? -------------------------- at third quarter phase on the ecliptic at first quarter phase at new phase at full phase

on the ecliptic

A Sense of Proportion: Arrange the following in order of increasing length: ________, ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ 1. one of Earth's seasons 2. one precession cycle 3. one revolution of Moon around Earth 4. one rotation of Earth 5. one revolution of Earth around Sun

one rotation of Earth, one revolution of Moon around Earth, any one of Earth's seasons, one revolution of Earth around Sun, and one precession cycle

If on March 1st the full moon is near the star Spica, when will it next be near Spica? 1) 27.3 days (sidereal period) 2) 29.5 days (synodic period) 3) 365.25 days (one year) 4) 200 million years (one Galactic orbital period)

1) 27.3 days (sidereal period)

Which of the following is true during a total solar eclipse? 1. The moon crosses in front of the sun. 2. all of these 3. The moon is illuminated by light traveling through Earth's atmosphere. 4. Earth's umbral shadow sweeps over the moon.

1. The moon crosses in front of the sun.

During a total solar eclipse, which of the following would you expect to see? 1. all of these 2. prominences 3. the solar corona 4. the chromosphere

1. all of these

Identify the phase of the moon if the sun is at its March 21st vernal equinox position and the moon is located at the autumnal equinox point on the ecliptic. 1. full 2. new 3. third quarter 4. first quarter

1. full

Identify the phase of the moon if the sun is at its March 21st vernal equinox position and the moon is located at the vernal equinox point on the ecliptic. 1. new 2. first quarter 3. full 4. third quarter

1. new

If on March 1st the full moon is near the star Spica, when will the moon next be full? 1) 27.3 days (sidereal period) 2) 29.5 days (synodic period) 3) 365.25 days (one year) 4) 200 million years (one Galactic orbital period)

2) 29.5 days (synodic period)

Identify the phase of the moon if at sunset the moon is near the eastern horizon. 1. waxing crescent 2. full moon 3. first quarter 4. third quarter 5. waning crescent 6. new moon

2. full moon

For a mid-northern hemisphere observer, identify the phase of the moon if at sunrise the moon is in the southwestern sky. 1. waxing crescent 2. waning gibbous 3. first quarter 4. third quarter 5. waning crescent 6. new moon 7. waxing gibbous

2. waning gibbous

Suppose you observed an asteroid that was 100 km in diameter and found that it was 1 arc second in angular diameter. About how far away is it?

21 × 106 km

Based on how the positions of the moon, sun, and Earth create the right conditions for total and partial lunar eclipses to occur, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. Umbral eclipses are not dramatic at all. Most people glancing at one would not notice any difference from a full moon. 2. Lunar eclipses occur most commonly during a new moon. 3. During a lunar eclipse, the moon passes into Earth's shadow. 4. Lunar eclipses happen infrequently—usually once every few years or so. 5. No sunlight reaches the moon during a total lunar eclipse. 6. Because the sun and moon are approximately the same angular diameter in the sky as viewed from Earth, the moon's passing between Earth and the sun can block the sun from view and cause a total lunar eclipse. 7. The moon appears red during a lunar eclipse due to scattering of sunlight by Earth's atmosphere.

3. During a lunar eclipse, the moon passes into Earth's shadow. 7. The moon appears red during a lunar eclipse due to scattering of sunlight by Earth's atmosphere.

Based on how the positions of the moon, sun, and Earth create the right conditions for lunar and solar eclipses to occur, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. An eclipse must occur if the moon crosses a node. 2. An eclipse must occur if the sun crosses a node. 3. Eclipses do not occur every month because the moon is not always on the ecliptic during the necessary phases. 4. During an eclipse season, an eclipse will occur no matter what the phase of the moon. 5. Eclipses occur in a repeating pattern that astronomers can use to predict when they will occur. 6. Solar eclipses must occur during every new moon. 7. Lunar eclipses must occur during every full moon.

3. Eclipses do not occur every month because the moon is not always on the ecliptic during the necessary phases. 5. Eclipses occur in a repeating pattern that astronomers can use to predict when they will occur.

Based on how the positions of the moon, sun, and Earth create the right conditions for total and partial solar eclipses to occur, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. Lunar eclipses happen frequently—usually about once every month. 2. No sunlight reaches Earth during a total solar eclipse. 3. The sun's corona becomes visible during a solar eclipse. 4. Only observers directly in the path of the moon's shadow will see an eclipse. 5. During a solar eclipse, the moon casts a shadow on Earth. 6. Solar eclipses occur most commonly during a full moon. 7. Because the moon's angular diameter in the sky as viewed from Earth changes, the moon passing between Earth and the sun may not entirely block the sun from view during a solar eclipse.

3. The sun's corona becomes visible during a solar eclipse. 5. During a solar eclipse, the moon casts a shadow on Earth. 7. Because the moon's angular diameter in the sky as viewed from Earth changes, the moon passing between Earth and the sun may not entirely block the sun from view during a solar eclipse.

During a total solar eclipse, which of the following is true? 1. The moon's umbral shadow sweeps over Earth. 2. The moon crosses in front of the sun. 3. all of these 4. The moon's angular diameter is larger than the sun's.

3. all of these

Identify the phase of the moon if the sun is at its March 21st vernal equinox position and the moon is located at the winter solstice point on the ecliptic. 1. full 2. new 3. third quarter 4. first quarter

3. third quarter

About how many days must elapse between the first-quarter moon and the next new moon? 1) 14 2) 28 3) 7 4) 21 5) 365

4) 21

The moon goes through a cycle of phases. This occurs because as the moon orbits Earth, different parts of the side of the moon illuminated by the sun face toward Earth. Select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. The lunar phase changes as the moon passes in and out of Earth's shadow. 2. Lunar eclipses happen infrequently—usually once every few years or so. 3. The moon's phase changes because the moon rotates, causing differing parts of the side illuminated by the sun to face Earth. 4. Quarter phases occur between the new and full phases. 5. Since a full moon occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of Earth as the sun, it is only visible at night. 6. The moon orbits eastward around Earth once every 29.53 days. 7. During the new phase, no sunlight reaches the side of the moon facing Earth.

4. Quarter phases occur between the new and full phases. 5. Since a full moon occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of Earth as the sun, it is only visible at night. 7. During the new phase, no sunlight reaches the side of the moon facing Earth.

Identify the phase of the moon if the sun is at its March 21st vernal equinox position and the moon is located at the summer solstice point on the ecliptic. 1. full 2. new 3. third quarter 4. first quarter

4. first quarter

Identify the phase of the moon if at sunrise the moon is high in the southern sky for a mid-northern hemisphere observer. 1. waxing crescent 2. full moon 3. first quarter 4. third quarter 5. waning crescent 6. new moon

4. third quarter

The Earth's diameter is about 4 times the diameter of the moon in kilometers. The moon is about 30 times Earth's diameter distant from the Earth. Use the small-angle formula to calculate the angular diameter of Earth in degrees as seen from the moon. 1) 200 2) 0.2 3) 100 4) 20 5) 2

5) 2

The Milankovitch hypothesis proposes that the ice ages on Earth are due to long-term changes in the amount of seasonal solar heating brought about by which of the following? 1. changes in the shape of Earth's orbit 2. precession of Earth's rotational axis 3. changes in the tilt angle of Earth's rotational axis 4. changes in the shape of Earth's orbit and precession of Earth's rotational axis 5. All of these choices are correct.

5. All of these choices are correct.

When Mars is closest to Earth, its distance is about 0.37. AU. What is that in kilometers?

5.5 × 107

For a mid-northern hemisphere observer, identify the phase of the moon if at sunset the moon is in the southeastern sky. 1. waxing crescent 2. waning gibbous 3. first quarter 4. third quarter 5. waning crescent 6. new moon 7. waxing gibbous

7. waxing gibbous

What can be said about the maximum duration of lunar and solar eclipses? ------------------------------------ They both can last up to about six hours. A lunar eclipse can last up to 7.5 minutes, and a solar eclipse, up to almost six hours. It is impossible to make any prediction about the duration of eclipses. A lunar eclipse can last up to almost six hours, and a solar eclipse up to 7.5 minutes. They both can last only a maximum of a few minutes.

A lunar eclipse can last up to almost six hours, and a solar eclipse up to 7.5 minutes.

The five naked-eye planets and three telescopic planets that wander among the stars in the sky are always near the?

Ecliptic

If the sun is not quite close enough to the node when the moon sweeps past, you will probably see which of the following?

a partial solar eclipse

When it is autumn in Asia what season is it in Antarctica?

Spring

The small-angle formula always gives an angle that is ________.

a little bit too big

We can see total solar eclipses because of which of the following? ------------------------------------ The distances to the sun and the moon are about the same. The angular diameters of the sun and the moon are almost equal. Total solar eclipses would be visible on any planet with a moon. The linear diameters of the sun and the moon are almost equal. The moon always shows the same face to the Earth.

The angular diameters of the sun and the moon are almost equal.

How does one cycle of the moon's motion relative to the stars compare to one cycle of the moon's motion relative to the sun? -------------------------------------- The moon does not move relative to the sun. The two cycles vary in length such that at times the star cycle is shorter and at other times the sun cycle is shorter. The cycle relative to the stars is shorter than the cycle relative to the sun. The two cycles take the same amount of time. The cycle relative to the stars is longer than the cycle relative to the sun.

The cycle relative to the stars is shorter than the cycle relative to the sun.

A Sense of Proportion: Which of the following are roughly the same angular diameter as seen in the sky? (Select all that are roughly the same). 1. The Sun 2. Polaris 3. The bowl of the Big Dipper 4. The full Moon

The full Moon and The Sun

If a solar eclipse occurs on October 3rd, why can't there be a lunar eclipse on October 10th?

The moon is new on October 3rd and not full until October 17th, the required phase for a possible lunar eclipse.

Which statement below best describes the motion of the moon relative to the stars? The moon moves westward relative to the stars about 13° per day. ------------------------------ The moon does not move relative to the stars. The moon moves eastward relative to the stars about 13° per day. The moon moves westward relative to the stars about 1° per day. The moon moves eastward relative to the stars about 1° per day.

The moon moves eastward relative to the stars about 13° per day.

How does the moon's motion relative to the stars compare to the sun's motion relative to the stars? ----------------------------- The moon moves slower than the sun and in the opposite direction. The moon moves faster than the sun and in the same direction. The moon moves slower than the sun and in the same direction. The moon does not move relative to the stars. The moon moves faster than the sun and in the opposite direction.

The moon moves faster than the sun and in the same direction.

During a solar eclipse, which of the following is true?

The moon's shadow sweeps from west to east across Earth's surface

During an annular solar eclipse, which of the following is true?

The moon's umbral shadow does not quite reach Earth's surface.

Summary Question: Why can an eclipse only occur during two eclipse seasons each year?

The sun is crossing a node in the moon's orbit.

What is a reason for winter days being colder than summer days?

The sun is higher in the sky in the summer.

Why are winter days colder than summer days?

The sun is up for less time in the winter.

If you were outside the path of totality but inside the penumbra of the moon's shadow, which of the following would you see?

a partial eclipse

A Sense of Proportion: Arrange the following in order of increasing length: ________, ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ 1. Totality 2. one year 3. a lunar eclipse 4. one revolution of the Moon around Earth 5. one saros cycle

Totality, a lunar eclipse, one revolution of the Moon around Earth, one year, and one saros cycle

Imagine that you are just outside the path of totality as the moon's shadow sweeps over you. What would you see?

a partial eclipse with nearly all of the sun covered

Which type of eclipse may be visible to all the people on one side of Earth? ------------------------ a total lunar eclipse an annular eclipse a total solar eclipse All of these choices are correct. None of these choices are correct.

a total lunar eclipse

The angular diameter of an object can be expressed in which of the following units?

arc seconds

A lunar eclipse can only occur if the sun is located at which of the following?

at the opposite node from the moon

To produce a penumbral lunar eclipse, the moon's orbit must do which of the following?

carry it into the penumbra but not into the umbra

What part of the sun is visible during the "peak" of a total solar eclipse? --------------------------- corona and chromosphere photosphere chromosphere corona All of these choices are correct.

corona and chromosphere

Why is the amount of solar heating less on a clear day in January at northern latitudes than on a clear day in July? a. The sun is above the horizon for less than 12 hours in January in the north and Earth is farther from the sun in January and closer in July. b. Earth is farther from the sun in January and closer in July. c. At low sun angles, the received sunlight is spread over a larger surface area. d. The sun is above the horizon for less than 12 hours in January in the north and at low sun angles, the received sunlight is spread over a larger surface area. e. The sun is above the horizon for less than 12 hours in January in the north.

d. The sun is above the horizon for less than 12 hours in January in the north and at low sun angles, the received sunlight is spread over a larger surface area.

During a lunar eclipse, the moon is in which of the following phases?

full

During a total lunar eclipse, the moon: --------------------- is often a reddish color. may be almost completely dark. is in Earth's umbra. may be almost completely dark and in Earth's umbra. is in Earth's penumbra. is often a reddish color and in Earth's umbra.

is often a reddish color and in Earth's umbra.

The linear diameter of an object could be expressed in which of the following units?

meters, light-years, and kilometers

When does the third quarter phase moon rise? -------------------------------- midnight sunrise noon sunset There is no way to predict the time that a particular phase rises.

midnight

Due to Earth's elliptical orbit, Earth is a little closer to the sun in January than in July. Because of this, the variation between summer and winter temperatures should be which of the following?

more in the southern hemisphere

If you could see the sun and stars during the daytime for several weeks, you would notice that the sun does which of the following?

moves slowly eastward relative to the stars

During a solar eclipse, the moon is in which of the following phases?

new moon

Summary Question: In this tutorial, you studied the geometry of total and annular solar eclipses. These eclipses always occur at which of the following?

new moon