PSY 111 Test Bank Chapter 5

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You so not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of _____________.

A subliminal message

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory _______________.

Adaptation

Kimya stares at a bright light and then loos away. After she looks away she perceives a spot. What is this spot?

Afterimage

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after the removal of the stimulus?

Afterimage

Saris is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman names Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is siting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the roles that _________ plays in what is sensed versed what is perceived.

Attention

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shit as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of hr finger. What illustrated by this example?

Binocular Disparity

Inattentional ____________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to lack of attention.

Blindness

What is a true statement that describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory?

Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Ester's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on- a raisin-jalapeño quiche. Ester's body responds first: Ester eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapeños, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry."

Bottom-up

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

Signal detection

Congenital deafness referees to deafness ___________.

Since birth

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes?

optic chiasm

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photo receptors will be most useful during this experiment?

Cones

Raven was born deaf, so he was diagnosed with _______ deafness.

Congenital

Light waves are transmitted across the ____________ and Exeter the eye thought the ___________.

Cornea; pupil

When light levels are low, the pupil will become __________, to allow more light to enter the eye.

Dilated

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

Describe the concept of perception.

How sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

_______________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives.

Binocular

What is not true about sensation?

Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

Which part of the eye hold eye color?

Iris

How does cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information of the brain.

Describe the difference in stimuli required to to detect a difference between the stimuli.

Just noticeable

Felix is riding a bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusted to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called ____________.

Kinesthesia

What term describes the perception of the body's movements though space?

Kinesthesia

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right is visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the __________ side of the brain, and information form the left visual field is sent to __________ side of the brain.

Left; right

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ___________.

Lens; fovea

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of res is associated with ________.

Longer wavelengths

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is now as the ___________ illusion.

Müller- Lyer

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called______________?

Night Blindness

Which nerve carries visual information form the retina to the brain?

Optic

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions are influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows— the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

Rods

What is not true about the vestibular sense?

The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gestation, and audition.

What is not true about olfactory receptors?

They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the fro until lobe where the olfactory nerve begin

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrates about pattern perception?

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures

What type of processing in lone s the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

Top- down

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads to Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

Top-down

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This may be an example of ______________.

Transduction

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste grouping do we possess?

Umami and fat content

Read the following: Gre eng rass ow son themoun tain. & Green grass grows on the mountain. How does the principle of proximity explain why the second sentence makes sense and the first does not.

We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word.

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we _____________.

can see