Psy 150

If you were having problems with severe depression, the type of psychologist that would be the greatest help to you would be:

A clinical psychologist

Milo's doctors believe he might have schizophrenia, but before they make their final diagnosis, they want to study detailed, three-dimensional images of Milo's brain structures. The technique the doctors are most likely to use in this case would be:

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

The tendency to experience a stable perception of an object even though the sensory input we receive is continually changing is:

A perceptual constancy

Jeremy is sitting quietly when the muscles in his left leg begin to "twitch." This activation of movement in his voluntary muscles is most likely due to the release of the neurotransmitter:

Acetylcholine

A patient's fear outbursts are found to be caused by pressure applied to the brain by a tumor. Where is the tumor likely to be found?

Amygdala

Studies that examine the ability of individuals from various cultures to take advantage of pictorial depth cues present in two-dimensional drawings indicate that the application of pictorial depth cues is:

An acquired skill that depends on experience

An action potential is:

An electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron

Vanessa describes a new melody that she heard at a concert by telling you each of the individual notes in the order that they were played. In providing this type of description, it appears that Vanessa processed the melody using:

Bottom-up processing

The two most basic divisions of the nervous system are the:

Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

We often perceive a series of dots on a printed form as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of:

Closure

The brain-imaging method that uses multiple X-rays to generate a picture of a horizontal slice of the brain is:

Computerized tomography

When we view cars in a distant parking lot, we know that the cars are not actually the size of toy cars because of a perceptual:

Constancy

In Parkinsonism, the tremors, muscular rigidity, and reduced control over voluntary movements appear to be a function of:

Degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter

Family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies are primarily designed to:

Disentangle the effects of genetics and experience on behavioral traits

Bonnie has a disease that disrupts the functioning of her hypothalamus. With which of the following areas of functioning is she likely to have serious difficulty?

Eating, drinking, and body temperature control

The system of glands that secretes chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functioning is the:

Endocrine system

People sometimes report a feeling of euphoria following a period of vigorous exercise. This is most likely due to the effects of:

Endorphins

Londra and Sondra are identical twins who have been raised together in the same home. Londra has developed a psychological disorder, but Sondra does not appear to have the same disorder. This information could be used as evidence to suggest that:

Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in this disorder

Professor Immel believes that behaviors that are predominant in certain species probably serve some adaptive function. Professor Immel's beliefs are most consistent with the:

Evolutionary perspective

Leonard's mother became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly reduced. If enough sodium was lost, you might expect that:

Fewer action potentials would occur in her nervous system

Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by:

Focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

When a clarinet plays a high C followed by a low C, these two notes are perceived differently because they differ in:

Frequency

Which theory of hearing states that the perception of pitch depends on the rate at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates?

Frequency theory

The primary motor cortex is located in the:

Frontal lobe

If Professor Gannon were to argue that incoming pain sensations must pass through an opening in the spinal cord and that this opening could be closed, thus blocking ascending pain signals, which theory would Dr. Gannon be arguing?

Gate-control

Eric has been wearing red welding goggles for the past 30 minutes. Based on the opponent-process theory of color vision, when Eric takes off the red goggles, he should expect that objects will temporarily appear to be:

Green

____ function in the endocrine system much like ____ in the nervous system.

Hormones; neurotransmitters

The brain structure that appears to play a vital role in the regulation of body temperature, hunger, and thirst is the:

Hypothalamus

When your psychology professor is lecturing to your class, she can tell which students are sitting in the first, second, third, etc., rows, in part because students in the closer rows obstruct her view of students in more distant rows. This illustrates the depth perception cue of:

Interposition

For most people, the production of language resides in the:

Left cerebral hemisphere

The depth perception cue based on the observation that parallel lines converge in the distance is:

Linear perspective

Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of:

Naturalistic observation

An impulse moves from one neuron to another through the action of:

Neurotransmitters

Sam is highly relaxed. His blood pressure and heart rate are lower than usual. This relaxation response was most likely the result of activity in his:

Parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is not included in the ethical guidelines for human participants in psychological research?

Participants should be paid for their participation.

A perceptual set implies that:

People often see what they expect to see

Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the:

Peripheral nervous system

Which of the following is not an aspect of vision associated with cones?

Peripheral vision

If Professor Trong were to argue that we discriminate different pitches because sound waves of different frequency displace different regions on the basilar membrane, which theory of auditory perception would Dr. Trong be arguing?

Place

Hypotheses are typically expressed as:

Predictions

The main function of dendrites is to:

Receive information

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body's own endorphins. Therefore, opiate drugs tend to:

Relieve pain

An elderly person has a stroke that leaves her unable to talk and part of her body paralyzed. Which part of the body is most likely to be paralyzed?

Right side

If the occipital lobe of the brain is stimulated, a person would be most likely to report:

Seeing a flash of light

Because the speech center is generally located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a split-brain patient is unable to describe stimuli that are:

Seen in the left visual field

The perceptual tendency to perceive a pile of change as being composed of pennies, nickels, and dimes is the result of:

Similarity

Suppose a researcher discovered a +.87 correlation between the length of a person's toes and the number of shoes the person owns. In general, people who own the fewest number of shoes would have:

Small toes

Synaptic vesicles are structures that:

Store neurotransmitters

Which of the following is most likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

Strategies used by college students to solve a particular problem

Edmund was walking down a dark street when he heard a car backfire. His heart started to race, and he began to perspire in response to this sudden, startling noise. These physical reactions were triggered by Edmund's:

Sympathetic nervous system

Amy has lost her senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Her symptoms are found to be caused by pressure applied to the brain by a tumor. Where is the tumor likely to be found?

Thalamus

Our perception of the brightness of a color is affected mainly by:

The amplitude of light waves

The Ames room, in which people are seen to get small or enlarge as they move about, demonstrates that our perception of the world depends strongly on:

The assumptions we make about it

One of the main concerns with the case study method of research is that:

The experiences reported may be highly subjective

Reversible figures illustrate the observation that:

The same visual input can result in different perceptions

Functionalism

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was:

Structuralism

The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images

Behaviorism

The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed

If A and B are highly correlated, which statement most accurately describes the relationship between A and B?

The score on A can be used to predict the score on B

Ashlynn was listening to a recording of a famous speech that was being played backward. She just heard gibberish until a classmate said the phrase, "Meet me in St. Louis," was clearly spoken. The tape was rewound, and as Ashlynn listened this time, she also clearly heard the same phrase. Ashlynn's ability to detect the phrase the second time through the tape illustrates:

The top-down processing model of perception

The action of the visual receptors supports the:

Trichromatic theory of color vision

Monique is not able to understand spoken language. If Monique's problem stems from damage to the cerebral cortex, the damage would most likely be in:

Wernicke's area

If you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which the three lights cross will lead to the perception of:

White light

Information is received by a neuron through the ____ , and is transmitted toward other neurons through the ____.

dendrites; axon

The correct order that auditory information travels as sounds enter the ear is from the auditory canal to:

eardrum - ossicles - cochlea - thalamus

Conclusions concerning cause-and-effect relationships are only possible when the _____ method is used.

experimental

In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the ______ variable in order to measures its effect on the ______ variable.

independent; dependent

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by changes in the size of the:

pupil

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on ____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on ____.

rods; cones

Pain messages transmitted to the brain through the fast pathway are associated with ____, while messages transmitted through the slow pathway are associated with ____.

sharp pain; a longer-lasting aching pain