PSY 150 Exam 3

Modern IQ tests are scored so that the average IQ equals ["50", "100", "1", "200"]. IQ scores form a ["skewed", "normal"] distribution.

100; normal

Research on sexuality suggests that roughly 30% of people are homosexual/gay. Furthermore, current research suggests that genetics plays a significant role in determining your sexual orientation.

Answer 1: 5% Answer 2: a significant

Self-efficacy is defined as your confidence in your ability to solve some problem or task. When people with high self-efficacy face a difficult challenge and fail, they are more likely to try and try again until they succeed than people with low-self-efficacy.

Answer 1: confidence in Answer 2: try and try again until they succeed

Attachment is defined as our lifelong emotional bond with our primary caregiver . Attachment style refers to how we understand and act in our relationships .

Answer 1: emotional bond with our primary caregiver Answer 2: how we understand and act in our relationships

People with low self-efficacy lack confidence in their ability in some domain . As a result, when people with low self-efficacy are faced with a difficult challenge, they are more likely to give up than people with high self-efficacy.

Answer 1: lack confidence in their ability in some domain Answer 2: give up

A personality inventory, like the MMPI, is a/an multiple-choice test in which individuals indicate whether or not statements accurately describe them .

Answer 1: multiple-choice Answer 2:whether or not statements accurately describe them

The biological characteristics that identify someone as male or female are known as sex . The psychological characteristics associated with being male or female are known as gender .

Answer 1: sex Answer 2: gender

A person would most likely be considered transgender if their gender identity differed from the sex that they were assigned at birth. A person would most likely be considered cisgender if their gender identity aligned with the sex that they were assigned at birth.

Answer 1: transgender Answer 2: cisgender

People with a growth mindset are LEAST likely to do which of the following? In other words, what are they unlikely to do? A Ask questions and make mistakes B Avoid challenges C Learn through other people's successes D Listen to criticism and feedback

Avoid challenges

Research on stereotype threat shows that stereotypes can _______. A only affect members of groups who do not have power in society B motivate people to try harder in order to improve their performance C increase arousal and thus improve test performance D reduce test performance when test-takers worry that their poor performance will confirm other people's stereotypes

D reduce test performance when test-takers worry that their poor performance will confirm other people's stereotypes

Which of the following statements does not describe one of the assumptions of the field of developmental psychology? A Humans of every age have the potential to decline in their abilities. B Development ends in adulthood. C Both nature and nurture are required to explain human development. D Humans of every age have the potential to grow in their abilities.

Development ends in adulthood.

According to most current psychologists, Freud got one of the following items right. Select the one statement below that describes a concept that most psychologists still agree with today. - Free will is an illusion. - We are controlled by instincts and unconscious forces that are beyond our control. - Experiences during childhood influence our thoughts and behaviors in adulthood. - Social and Cultural forces have little to no impact on our personality.

Experiences during childhood influence our thoughts and behaviors in adulthood.

Select the original formula that was used to measure IQ.

IQ = (mental age/physical age) x 100

Can money buy you happiness? It depends. Money buys you less happiness as your income increases. Yes It depends. Money buys you more happiness as your income increases. No

It depends. Money buys you less happiness as your income increases.

Imagine that you are one of the 66,000 homeless people in Los Angeles County. You lost your job when your employer laid everyone off. You spent all of your savings on rent and now you have no money. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the most important need that motivates you now? Need to love and be loved and feel accepted Need to satisfy hunger and thirst Need for self-actualization Need for self-esteem

Need to satisfy hunger and thirst

Which of the following is NOT associated with Sigmund Freud? Unconscious motivations Therapy Psychoanalysis Physics Emphasis on early childhood experiences

Physics

Imagine that you live with your loving parents in the family home in Northridge. Thanks to your parents' jobs, you have everything material that you need. You expect to graduate from CSUN this summer and feel proud that you will be the first person in your family to graduate from college. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the most important need that motivates you now? Self-actualization Need Belongingness & Love Needs Physiological Needs Safety Needs

Self-actualization Need

What's the biggest overall predictor of whether a child will develop a healthy attachment style? A The child's theory of mind B The responsiveness of the caregiver C The child's temperament as an infant D The match between the child's temperament and the caregiver's expectations and personality

The match between the child's temperament and the caregiver's expectations and personality

Which statement below would the most psychologists agree with? A Intelligence is entirely determined by your experiences in life. B There are multiple types of intelligence. C Intelligence is determined at birth by your genes. D There is one kind of intelligence.

There are multiple types of intelligence.

Standardized tests of intelligence, such as the IQ test and the SAT, ACT, and GRE exams, are highly controversial. Researchers are deeply concerned about whether these tests are _______. skewed normal reliable valid

Valid

or a male zygote, the biological father contributes a(n) ["X", "XX", "XY", "Y"] chromosome and the biological mother contributes a(n) ["X", "XX", "Y", "XY"] chromosome.

Y; X

Is it possible to turn a fixed mindset into a growth mindset?

Yes

What is an emotion? a hedonic treadmill an extrinsic motivator an automatic bodily response to external or internal stimuli our thoughts and feelings

an automatic bodily response to external or internal stimuli

A true story from 2018*. A school superintendent was arrested after it was discovered that he had been defecating, daily, on a local high school's track and football field. If you were Freud, you would wonder what happened during this person's ___________ stage of Psychosexual personality development. anal latency oral phallic genital

anal

Lexi has a red, 8 inch plastic bouncing ball that she plays with at home. Then Lexi goes to a birthday party and she see a balloon for the very first time. Lexi pointed to the balloon and said, "ball." Lexi's response BEST illustrates ___. conservation assimilation object permanence accommodation

assimilation

According to Piaget, ["conservation", "sensorimotor", "assimilation", "accommodation"] is the interpretation of new experiences in terms of existing schemas while ["accommodation", "sensorimotor", "assimilation", "conservation"] is the modification of existing schemas to fit with new experiences.

assimilation; accommodation

At about 6 or 7 months of age, infants start rhythmically repeating sounds or signs. This is called ___. telegraphic speech zygote baby talk babbling

babbling

Researchers who conduct longitudinal studies in developmental psychology need to worry about all of the disadvantages below except one. Which concern below does not apply to longitudinal studies? cohort effects high costs the loss of participants during the studies practice effects

cohort effects

Trey's parents take away his allowance for violating curfew. As a result, Trey is very angry at his parents. But instead of yelling at his parents, Trey yells at his little sister for simply sitting on his bed. Trey's behavior MOST closely resembles which defense mechanism? displacement suppression regression rationalization

displacement

Mary Ainsworth is famous for developing an experimental method known as the strange situation procedure. In this procedure, a child enters a strange room with their primary caregiver who then leaves . Researcher who use this procedure are interested in each child's attachment style .

enters a strange room with their primary caregiver who then leaves Answer 2: attachment style

Marty Seligman conducted an important, but gruesome, experiment in which dogs, one by one, were placed in a specially constructed box. One half of the box's floor was electrified so that it could deliver an electric shock to a dog's feet or body. The other side of the box was safe--no one was ever shocked there. Half of the dogs in this study were free to escape the electrified side of the box--these dogs learned that they could escape the shocks. The other half of the dogs were attached to the electrified side of the box. These dogs learned that they were helpless to escape the pain of the electric shocks. Sometime later, both sets of dogs were placed in a different box with the same kind of floor--half electrified and half not. Nearly all of the dogs who were able to escape the shocks in the previous box, escaped the electrified side of this new box. Most of the dogs who had been unable to escape the shocks in the previous box, gave up and remained in the electrified side of this new box.

escaped; gave up and remained in

Three-year-old children raised in "language poor" environments develop a vocabulary with the same number of words as the average child and an IQ that is above average .

fewer words than; below average

Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that impact intelligence? malnutrition toxins environmental enrichment Correct! genes

genes

Imagine that you've been dating Aidan for 6 months. Aidan never really depends on you. Instead, Aidan prefers to spend most days alone. If you had to guess, based on this information alone, you'd have the most reason to believe that Aidan ___________. has a secure attachment style has an avoidant attachment style has an ambivalent attachment style just isn't that into you (ok, a reasonable guess, but I meant this as a joke)

has an avoidant attachment style

According to Freud, the ego is driven by the pleasure principle, and the superego is driven by the reality principle.

id; ego

A major limitation of Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development is that it _____. is too optimistic is untested experimentally is not sexual enough depends too much on measures of brain activity

is untested experimentally

In social-developmental studies of the visual cliff, infants were most likely to crawl "off" the visual cliff when their caregiver _______ on the opposite side of the cliff. started crawling made fearful faces explained the novel situation to their infant using baby talk made happy faces

made happy faces

According to Freud, boys aged 3-6 fall in love with their ["mother", "boyfriend", "girlfriend", "father"] . Because of their fear of retaliation, they develop "penis envy", "castration anxiety", "anal explusiveness", "anal retentiveness"] . Freud argued that eventually, boys overcame this conflict by ["identifying with their father", "advancing to the next stage of psychosexual development", "identifying with their mother", "relying on defense mechanisms such as denial and projection"] .

mother castration anxiety identifying with their father

Freud believed that there was no such thing as an "innocent" mistake. Instead, he argued that our mistakes were actually Freudian Slips which represented _______________. - our unconscious thoughts and desires - whether or not we had completed the phallic stage - current beliefs - our conscious processes

our unconscious thoughts and desires

Although Hannah understands the principle of conservation. According to Piaget, Hannah has attained the cognitive skills typically developed during the _____ stage. concrete operational sensorimotor formal operational pre-operational

pre-operational

While you are watching TV, Johnny, who is only 4 years of age, stands right in front of you blocking your view. Johnny does not realize what he is doing because thinks that his view is the same as yours. It is most likely that Johnny is in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development selfish preoperational operational formal concrete

preoperational

While in therapy, Josie is asked to look at a series of symmetric inkblots and to describe what she sees in each one. Josie is taking a/an ["projective", "inventory", "Big 5", "Thematic Apperception"] test known as the ["Actualization Test", "MMPI", "Thematic Apperception Test", "Rorschach"] .

projective; Rorschach

In the last 20 years, researchers have discovered that decision making ["occurs independently or separately from", "is the same thing as", "requires"] emotions. Indeed, when patients can no longer feel their emotions, their ability to make decisions ["becomes more rational", "does not change", "is impaired", "improves"] .

requires; is impaired

During lecture, you learned about the Heinz dilemma story from Kohlberg's research. Subjects who heard the Heinz dilemma story were asked to decide whether Heinz should have gone to jail and why or why not .

should have stolen the medicine why or why not

Emotions motivate us. Negative emotions are understood as part of the incentive theory of motivation because they motivate us to think deeply about the causes of our problems .

survival emotions; act in ways that will keep us safe

Lawrence Kohlberg is famous for his research on and theories of moral development. In his studies, little boys were presented with complex moral stories. Kohlberg was concerned about and measured [reasoning]. A the answer given, not the reason for that answer B how each boy's answer was influenced by the answers given by the other boys C the reasoning used to reach an answer Dhow quickly the boys made a decision

the reasoning used to reach an answer

Identical twins come from ["XY chromosomes", "2 different fertilized eggs", "XX chromosomes", "the same fertilized egg"] while fraternal twins come from ["XY chromosomes", "the same fertilized egg", "2 different fertilized eggs", "brothers"] .

the same fertilized egg 2 different fertilized eggs

According to Freud, we are ["aware", "unaware"] of most of what goes on in our mind. Indeed, the ["superego", "ego", "id"] and its processes are completely unconscious.

unaware; id

Theory of mind can be defined as our ability to understand the mental and emotional states of ourselves and others . Researchers believe that most people develop a functional theory of mind when they are about six years old .

understand the mental and emotional states of ourselves and others Answer 2: four years old

According to Erik Erikson's 8 stage model of psychosocial development, the first question that we need to answer when we are an infant is ________________. whether we can do things on our own whether we are securely attached whether we can trust the world what identity we want to develop

whether we can trust the world