PSY 201 Final - Quiz 3 and 4

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

"There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain."

The progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions is indicative of __________________.

Alzheimer's disease

What is a schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced?

Continuous reinforcement

Dasha developed an intense fear of flying ten years ago when she was in a plane crash. Now she can fly again without fear which indicates that her conditioned fear response has undergone____________.

Extinction

Which of the following statements is true in the context of classical conditioning?

It always involves reflexes and demonstrates that reflexes can be learned by association.

One of the possible explanations for why we yawn when we see others yawn is related to which of the following?

Mirror neurons

Which of the following statements is true in the context of the effects of violent video games?

Moderating variables such as social connectedness figure into the effects of media violence.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Money

Which type of conditioning is defined as a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because of the effects of that behavior?

Operant conditioning

According to your text, children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following EXCEPT:

Reduced probability of aggressive behavior.

After living in France for many years, Laura returned for a visit to the United States. As she walked around the small town she had grown-up in, her mind was flooded with memories of her childhood. The environmental cues that helped trigger Laura's memories illustrate __________.

context-dependent memory

A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) ________.

heuristic

In order to form new memories, you must have a fully functioning _________.

hippocampus

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of __________ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second.

iconic

__________ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.

infantile amnesia

Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) ________.

intrinsic goal

Patricia, a three-year-old girl, is having dinner. She looks at her father and says, "I eated food." In this scenario, Patricia is exhibiting ________.

overregulation

Two-year old Paris got excited when "gooses" crossed the sidewalk in front of her family on a walk. Her effort to regularize the irregular plural of geese is an example of ________.

overregulation

The speed with which one can compare figures and symbols is known as _______________.

perceptual speed

Mariana, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this and forbid her from meeting the boy. Mariana fights with her parents because she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the ___________.

personal fable

Professor Schwiesow has her class engage in discussion, both in class and on-line, which encourages them to apply information and generate examples based on individual experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Professor Schwiesow is encouraging her students to:

process the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory.

In the context of operant conditioning, when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes," this is an example of _________.

reinforcement

After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank, Lucas got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information. At that point, Lucas was most likely experiencing ____________.

retrieval cue failure

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident in which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from ________.

retrograde amnesia

Lula is an infant and constantly explores her universe by putting everything into her mouth. What stage would Piaget say she is in?

sensorimotor

A newborn infant displays the following reflexes EXCEPT which of the following?

startle in response to the sight of a balloon

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

the age of possibilities

As she was listening to her psychology professor discuss ways to improve memory, Ebony thought of different ways she could apply the suggestions to herself. Later that day she was trying to recall the different techniques, but she could only recall the first couple. This reflects ___________.

the serial-position effect

__________ is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli.

echoic memory

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _________.

elaborative rehearsal

Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of ________.

general intelligence

Due to repeated exposure to media violence, viewers' sensitivity to violence may decrease. This is called ______________ .

habituation

Pavel loves to play the violin. He feels best when he has played to the best of his ability. What kind of incentive makes Pavel practice so he can do his best?

intrinsic

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the names several times. This scenario illustrates __________.

maintenance rehearsal

Which of Sternberg's types of intelligence could be referred to as "street smarts"?

practical intelligence

The reshaping of one's life to concentrate on what one finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment is known as ___________________.

selective optimization with compensation

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?

the concept of the imaginary audience

Tom was trying to increase his fitness so that he could join some friends on a long-distance hiking trip. He is trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal. This is an example of ________.

the means-end analysis

Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?

It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.

Prior to conditioning, Kofi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and responses in this situation?

The food is the unconditioned stimulus; Kofi salivating is the unconditioned response.

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of accommodation and _____________.

assimilation

Episodic memory is also referred to as ________.

autobiographical memory

If you encoded and properly stored the list of words Professor Schwiesow had you remember in class, they should now be in your long term memory you should be able to retrieve them. Identify a word that was NOT included in this list.

baby

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called ________.

chunking

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. Which theory best explains this behavior?

cognitive dissonance

The personal fable and imaginary audience both stem from _______.

egocentrism

Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as ________.

emotions

What kind of visual stimuli do two-month-olds have the largest preference for?

human faces

Implicit memories involve methods and skills, cognitive and physical, and are also referred to as ________.

procedural memories

Marci would describe almost a perfect person whenever her friends would ask her who she thought was her ideal life partner. This "perfect" person would be a(n) ________.

prototype

Jiro is 54-years-old and is at a point in his life where he is trying to help take care of his aging parents while also assisting his own children. Jiro is part of the __________________.

sandwich generation

Mary Ainsworth used this infamous experiment to assess attachment styles between infants and caregivers:

the strange situation

Leonard and Sheldon were working on a physics problem from different points of view, but came to a common solution. This is an example of which kind of thinking?

convergent

Which of the following statements is true of language?

Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another.

What are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior?

Reinforcers

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed).

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

children bring neurological prewiring to language learning

Mirin would spank her daughter when she would chew food with her mouth open. After several instances of poor table manners, her daughter starts avoiding the kitchen table. In this example, the table is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

Professor Schwiesow ends up driving to Creighton without consciously remembering how she got there and on a day she doesn't teach! This may be due to which type of memory?

implicit memory

Motives are ________.

inferred from behavior

Which of these is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience?

intelligence

Rashon's caretaker is playing peek-a-boo with him. Every time the caretaker hides their face, Rashon loses interest but is surprised when their face reappears. Peek-a-boo is so entertaining because Rashon lacks _________.

object permance

Because of her poor health, your Aunt B had to take a lot of medication. She usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so. This forgetting is a failure of what type of memory?

prospective memory

Samantha cries every time she hears a song on the radio that she and her ex-boyfriend used to enjoy. Hearing the song brings back memories of the good times they had before he broke off the relationship. How come Samantha cries when she hears the song?

The song is a conditioned stimulus that she still associates with the good times that she now misses.

Masha, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Masha's math teacher, shares with Masha a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using what concept to help the child?

cognitive scaffolding

In the classic scenario, a child is presented with two glasses of the same size and each is filled with the same amount of water. The child says both glasses have the same amount of water. One of the glass's contents is then poured into a thinner, taller glass. The child then states that this new glass has more water in it than the other glass. The child lacks the concept of ________________.

conservation

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _________.

crystallized intelligence

Mr. Rupp's memory has always been spectacular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details is known as _________.

eidetic imagery

Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _________ of the event.

episodic memories

Three-year old Esteban watches the children's television show "Spongebob Squarepants." At first, Esteban became really excited whenever he saw a Spongebob doll. Now Esteban gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge. Esteban is displaying stimulus ___________.

generalization

According to Arnett, which of the following is not a contributing factor to the relatively new concept of emerging adulthood?

global economy

Which of these is an object, a person, or a situation that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake?

incentive

Rachel came across a question she did not know while taking her psychology exam. She skipped it and moved on, returning to it when she recalled the answer. Which strategy did Rachel use?

incubation

Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating ________.

infinite creativity

Which set of twins will have the greatest correlation in their IQ scores?

monozygotic twins raised together

The Heinz dilemma is used to determine what level of development you are in _________________.

morally

How many pairings of the unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli are needed for taste aversion to occur?

one

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of__________.

operant conditioning

After a long day teaching classes online, Alessio decides to relax and eat dinner on the couch. Which part of Alessio's nervous system helps restore energy?

parasympathetic nervous system

A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been _______.

positively reinforced