PSY 2023 Final

Your friend Daniel believes that satisfaction early in a relationship is the most important predictor of how long the relationship will last. Another friend, Shannon, argues that satisfaction early in a relationship has very little bearing on how long the relationship will last. Who is right?

Both are partly correct. Satisfaction strongly predicts longevity in couples who believe that destiny plays a big role in relationship success but satisfaction barely does so in couples who do not believe in the role of destiny.

________ involve comparisons with others who are doing worse than we are; ________ involve comparisons with others who are doing better than we are.

Downward social comparisons; upward social comparisons

In the text, the authors distinguish between effectiveness studies (which are designed to find out whether a therapy works in real, day-to-day clinical practice) and efficacy studies. How are effectiveness studies different from efficacy studies?

Efficacy studies involve experiments using a control group.

What is one explanation for the self-serving bias?

It gives people an excuse for their bad behavior in relationships.

Which of the following statements about the effect of media messages on our standards and beliefs about intimate relationships is TRUE?

Men exposed to pictures of nude centerfolds subsequently report less love for their wives.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the effect of media messages on our standards and beliefs about intimate relationships?

Men exposed to pictures of nude centerfolds subsequently report less love for their wives.

Which of the following is an example of an assumption according to a cognitive-behavioral perspective?

Mohinder thinks that men provide support by solving problems and giving advice and that women provide support by listening and empathizing.

Sandeep gives Amy the silent treatment when she fails to clean up the kitchen after dinner (it is one of her household jobs). After this happens a few times, Amy tries to remember to clean up more regularly, but, over time, she slips up and the cycle repeats. Which is an accurate statement about this situation?

The end of the silent treatment is an example of a negative reinforcer.

What does research show about sexuality in older adults?

The proportion of sexually active adults declines with age.

Why are differences in opinion between siblings more likely to result in aggression compared to differences among friends?

There is less reason for siblings to make compromises because the relationship is involuntary and unlikely to end.

When a spouse dies, men and women

Transition differently such that women are more likely to experience financial difficulties.

In class, power was defined as the:

ability to get someone to think or act in a certain way.

Children exposed to discord between their parents are more likely than children whose parents have a more harmonious relationship to experience: a. depression b. behavior problems in school c. difficulties in their relationships with peers. d. all of the above

all of the above

Perceptual confirmation is a process in which:

ambiguous experiences are perceived as being consistent with existing beliefs

Which group of individuals is MOST likely to report aggression in their romantic relationship?

bisexual women

Richie often stays late at the office to interact with his coworker, Anna. Based on this, which risk factor is mostly likely to predict his likelihood for infidelity?

context

Jim came home from work in a foul mood and his wife, Tracey, did not have supper waiting for him as usual. Jim became extremely angry, slapped and punched Tracey, and then grabbed her by the hair and threw her to the ground. The next day, Jim brought Tracey flowers, apologized profusely for his behavior, and promised he would never hit her again. What stage of the cycle of violence does this reflect?

contrition

Sally and Manuel are in couple's therapy working on their conflict around Sally returning to work after maternity leave. Sally is upset about returning to work and Manuel is angry with her for being so upset. To intervene successfully, an emotion-focused therapist would work on _________.

expressing primary emotions

Which is an example of a primary emotion?

fear of rejection

Individual characteristics such as ______________ are likely to set the stage for infidelity.

high sociosexuality

Individuals who adhere to a(n) ____________ perspective of aggression are likely to think about personal risk factors as causes of aggression.

intra-individual

In contrast to adults' intimate relationships, adolescents' intimate relationships are:

more fragile

n considering the source of relationship functioning, a systems perspective is to: ___________as a psychodynamic perspective is to_________.

repetitive patterns of interaction; early care-giving experiences

Couples whose aggression is severe and persistent begin their relationship with low:

satisfaction

Compared to women with low rejection sensitivity, women who feared rejection tend to behave more negatively when discussing difficult issues with their partners. This best illustrates:

self-fullfiling prophecy

When elementary schoolchildren are asked to describe the different relationships in their lives, they mention conflict more often in their relationships with:

siblings

Dr. Roberts helps couples to make explicit (known) the rules that guide their relationship behavior and to establish new rules that are more flexible and adaptive. What model of couples therapy does she practice?

systems theory

The false belief test is used to determine whether children have:

theories of mind