PSY 207 - Chapter 14

Gottman identified 7 main practices that help marriages succeed: 1. establish ______ ______ 2. Nurture ______ and _______ 3, Turn toward each other instead of away 4. Let your partner _____ you 5. Solve solvable conflicts. 6.Overcome ______ 7. Create shared meaning

1. establish love maps 2. Nurture fondness and admiration 3. 4. Let your partner influence you 5. 6. Overcome gridlock

A national study of more than 19,000 individuals found that more than _____ of married people initially met their future spouse online.

1/3

The % of same-sex couples who have adopted chidlren increased from 10% in 2000 to _____% in 2009

19%

Romantic relationships initiated on the internet are more likely than relationships established in person to last for more than ____ years.

2

remarriage is declining in the US going from 50 of every 1,000 divorces or widowed Americans in 1990 to ____ of every 1,000 in 2011

29

Average first marriage for men ____ years and ___ years for women

29.8; 28

At the age of ______, many single adults make a conscious decision to marry or to remain single. Multiple choice question. 25 30 35 40

30

in 2017 ____% of US adults 18 years of age or older had never been married

44.9%

In 2019, ____% of adults in the US were married, down 72% in 1960

48.2%

Divorce rate has declined in recent decades, peaking at ____divorces per 1,000 people in 1981 and declining to ____ in 2016.

5.1; 3.2

If a divorce is going to happen, it will likely occur between the ____ and _____ years of marriage.

5th; 10th

Lesbian couples are ____X more likely to be raising children than gay couples

5x

The majority of adults (about ___-____%) describe themselves as securely attached.

60-80%

Many friendships are long-lasting, as ____% of US adults have known their best friend for at least 10 years and only _____% have known their best friend for less than 5 years.

65%; 15%

_____% of US adults 25 years and older have been married at some point in 2016

78.5%

The average duration of a marriage in the US is currently just over _____ years

9 years

More than ______ percent of women in the United States have a best friend. Multiple choice question. 70 90 60 40

90

Most US men and women have a best friend- ______% of women and ____% of men have a best friend of the same sex.

92%; 88%

#25 Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships? Compared with women, men's friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support. Compared with women, men have more close friends. The adult female pattern of friendship often involves keeping one's distance while sharing useful information. Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.

Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women

#3 Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners? Securely attached adults show a preference for individuals with an anxious attachment style. Adults prefer having a securely attached partner. Adults prefer to have an avoidant adult as a partner. Individuals with an anxious attachment style mostly seem to prefer a partner with an anxious attachment style.

Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

#6 _____ individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and, once in a relationship, tend to distance themselves from their partner. Disorganized Anxious Securely attached Avoidant

Avoidant

#15 In which of the following countries is chastity the most important factor in a marriage partner? Sweden Finland Japan China

China

In Sternberg's theory, the strongest, fullest form of love is _______ love, which involves all three dimensions.

Consummate love

#17 In Hetherington's research, which of the following is true regarding the good-enoughs? The good-enoughs rarely attend night classes and make new friends. Good-enough women usually marry men who are educationally and economically similar to their first husbands. The good-enoughs form about 10 percent of the divorced. People in this category often spend more time in singles bars and have more casual sex than their counterparts in the other divorce categories.

Good-enough women usually marry men who are educationally and economically similar to their first husbands.

Earliest average age for first marriage in developed countries is occurring in _____ and ______ (25 for females and 27 for males)

Israel and Turkey

#24 Which of the following is an outcome of the growing trend of having fewer children? Parents are bound to have more realistic expectations for their children. Institutional care is replaced by parental care. Women have less time for other endeavors. Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

Which of the following statements regarding remarriage are true? Multiple select question. Men with higher incomes are more likely to remarry than their counterparts with lower incomes. The remarriage rate in the United States is declining. Remarried couples tend to have higher marital quality than couples in first marriages. Men tend to remarry sooner than women.

Men with higher incomes are more likely to remarry than their counterparts with lower incomes. The remarriage rate in the United States is declining. Men tend to remarry sooner than women.

Which of the following is true about marriage in the United States? More than three-quarters of U.S. adults 25 years and older have been married at some point in their lives. Individuals in other developed countries get married much earlier than in the United States. The percentage of adults who are married is increasing despite the increase in the age of first marriage. A higher percentage of adults marry than at any other time.

More than three-quarters of U.S. adults 25 years and older have been married at some point in their lives.

Men prefer to engage in _____ talk. They hold center stage through verbal performances such as telling stories and jokes.

Report

According to OECD (2019), which of the following countries has the highest divorce rate in the world? Multiple choice question. Russia Germany China United States

Russia

Of Countries surveyed, ______has the highest divorce rate and ______ the lowest

Russian; China

#10 Identify a true statement about premarital education programs. They are linked to a higher level of commitment to a spouse. They tend to increase the likelihood of divorce. They are linked to a lower level of marital satisfaction. They tend to hinder the level of communication between couples.

They are linked to a higher level of commitment to a spouse.

#13 In Hetherington's research, which of the following is a difference between the enhancers and the competent loners? The enhancers account for about 40 percent of the divorced, whereas the competent loners account for only about 10 percent. Unlike the enhancers, the competent loners have little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else. The competent loners show a remarkable ability to bounce back from stress, whereas the enhancers typically succumb to stressful circumstances. The competent loners category has many women, while the enhancers are primarily a male-dominated divorce group.

Unlike the enhancers, the competent loners have little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else.

According to Deborah Tannen, which of the following are true of men's and women's communication patterns? Multiple select question. Women enjoy rapport talk more than report talk. Men's lack of interest in rapport talk bothers many women. Men prefer report talk to rapport talk. Women's lack of interest in report talk bothers many men.

Women enjoy rapport talk more than report talk. Men's lack of interest in rapport talk bothers many women. Men prefer report talk to rapport talk.

#4 In the context of adult attachment styles, both insecure anxious and insecure avoidant individuals are characterized by a need to distance themselves from their partner. a greater tendency to engage in risky health behaviors than their securely attached counterparts. a well-integrated sense of self-acceptance, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. an overall higher level of satisfaction in close relationships than their securely attached counterparts.

a greater tendency to engage in risky health behaviors than their securely attached counterparts.

In this type of love, also called companionate love, an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person.

affectionate love

Sternberg's triangle of love consists of passion, intimacy, and commitment. Various combinations of these result in which of the following types of love? Multiple select question. sexual love affectionate love fatuous love consummate love

affectionate love fatuous love consummate love

#19 A study of unmarried relationship dissolution in 18- to 35-year-olds revealed that experiencing a breakup was linked to an increase in psychological stress .a decrease in health problems. a decrease in psychological stress. an increase in life satisfaction.

an increase in psychological stress

The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.

androgyny

#14 Which of the following is a common complaint of both divorced women and divorced men? entering into a new intimate relationship too quickly anxiety about the unknowns in their lives heightened self-esteem loss of religious affiliations

anxiety about the unknowns in their lives

College students with ______attachment style were more likely to be addicted to social networking sites.

anxious

An attachment style that describes adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive.

anxious attachment style

#5 Securely attached adults are less likely than others to have one-night stands. are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships but are committed once they are in one. tend to distance themselves from their partner. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.

are less likely than others to have one-night stands.

Individuals with a(n) Blank______ attachment style tend to distance themselves from their partners. Multiple choice question. confident anxious avoidant secure

avoidant

An attachment style that describes adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner.

avoidant attachment style

A study of young adults predicted that marriage is considered more important in their life than which of the following? Multiple select question. careers companionship leisure activities parenting

careers leisure activities parenting

_________ refers to living together in a sexual relationship without being married.

cohabitate

An explanation of why individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them. Our own attitudes and behavior are supported and validated when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to ours.

consensual validation

What is it called when our own attitudes and behavior feel supported because someone else's attitudes and behaviors are similar to our own? Multiple choice question. consensual validation the matching hypothesis secure attachment affectionate love

consensual validation

Which two of the following characteristics would best predict marriage longevity? Multiple select question. ethnicity geographical location wealth education

ethnicity education

#20 Naina and Samir are a passionate couple. They are physically and sexually attracted to one another. They know that they can count on each other during the ups and downs of life, and they intend to maintain their relationship in the face of problems. However, they lack feelings of warmth or closeness toward each other and avoid sharing their thoughts. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Naina and Samir are most likely experiencing consummate love. fatuous love. romantic love. affectionate love.

fatuous love.

#11 Most divorces occur in the _____ year of marriage. second to fifth first to third fifth to tenth tenth to twelfth

fifth to tenth

As compared to most other countries, adult lifestyles and relationships in the United States are best characterized as Multiple choice question. solid. enduring. steady. fluid.

fluid

As compared to marriages earlier in the twentieth century, today's marriages are more Multiple choice question. solid. enduring. fragile and intense. stable and durable.

fragile and intense.

#22 Which of the following characteristics do men rate in women as most important? kindness honesty understanding good looks

good looks

**Maria recently got married. In the context of adult attachment styles, she is more likely to engage in infidelity if she or her partner has a highly anxious attachment style. highly avoidant attachment style. disorganized attachment style. secure attachment style.

highly anxious attachment style.

Women tend to rate as most important traits in a partner are considerateness, ______, _______, kindness, understanding, and earning prospects; men prefer _____ _____, ____ skills, and frugality

honesty, dependability; good looks, cooking skills

#9 A meta-analysis revealed a positive link between _____ and intimacy, with the connection being stronger for men than women. insecure attachment postconventional reasoning identity development postformal thought

identity development

#7 According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood? postconventional reasoning in childhood postformal thought in adulthood identity development in adolescence insecure attachment in childhood

identity development in adolescence

Erik Erikson argues that ______vs _____ _confusion - pursuring who we are, what we are all about is the most important to be negotiated in adolescence. In early adulthood, after poepole are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities, they enter the 6th development stage, which is ______vs ______.

identity vs identity confusion; intimacy vs isolation

According to current research, experiences early in life are Multiple choice question. only related to positive personality and temperament in adulthood. important determinants in what an individual will be like later in adulthood. only related to negative personality and temperament aspects in adulthood. unrelated to socioemotional development in adulthood

important determinants in what an individual will be like later in adulthood.

The divorce rate was Blank______ until about 1981, and it has been Blank______ since then. Multiple choice question. soaring; steady decreasing; increasing steady; soaring increasing; decreasing

increasing; decreasing

#8 According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage? identity versus identity confusion intimacy versus isolation integrity versus despair autonomy versus shame and doubt

intimacy versus isolation

According to gender experts like Miller, Tannen, and Gilligan, women's relationship orientation Multiple choice question. makes success impossible. is not valued highly in our culture. should be shed in favor of an information orientation. precludes them from being truly assertive and independent.

is not valued highly in our culture.

In general, men are less likely than women to succeed at following which marriage principle put forth by Gottman? Multiple choice question. establishing love maps letting your partner influence you nurturing fondness and admiration turning toward each other instead of away

letting your partner influence you

What term did Gottman use to describe spouses' personal insights into each other's worlds? Multiple choice question. love maps relational maps admiration maps detailed life maps

love maps

Top reasons why people get married: _____(88%), _______(76%), and having children (49%)

love, companionship, and having children

If we measured an individual's self-perception at age 10 and age 15, we would find ______ if we measured their self-perception at age 10 and age 30. Multiple choice question. more stability than less stability than it equally stable as

more stability than

When Gottman revealed that partners in a successful marriage sing each other's praises, he was referring to which of the following principles? Multiple choice question. nurturing fondness and admiration creating love maps care taking and noticing the positive solving solvable conflicts

nurturing fondness and admiration

Which of the following problems can result when one is in love and love is not returned? Multiple select question. obsessive thoughts sleep disorders sexual dysfunction depression

obsessive thoughts sexual dysfunction depression

#23 According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ is physical and sexual attraction to another. intimacy commitment attachment passion

passion

Consummate love includes which of the following dimensions? Multiple select question. passion intimacy commitment infatuation

passion intimacy commitment

#21 According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment. passion, commitment, and intimacy. transference, companionship, and self-disclosure. role exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment.

passion, commitment, and intimacy

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of love involves three main dimensions- ____, _______, and _______.

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Friendship ______ development throughout the life span. Multiple choice question. plays an inconsequential role in is completely incidental to is unrelated to plays an important role in

plays an important role in

According to Tannen, Women enjoy _____talk more. and men's lack of interest in it bothers many women.

rapport

The language of conversation; it is the way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships.

rapport talk

Talk that is designed to give information; this category of communication includes public speaking.

report talk

Also called passionate love or eros, romantic love has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates early in a love relationship.

romantic love

An attachment style that describes adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

secure attachment style

#2 Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with stronger sibling relationships in adulthood. an easy temperament in adulthood. higher academic achievement in college. secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

#12 As soon as Davis's divorce was final, he was out looking for a new romantic relationship. Based on Hetherington's research, Davis is a(n) competent loner. seeker. codependent. enhancer.

seeker.

Researcher Ellen Berscheid (1988) said that _____ _____is the most important ingredient in romantic love

sexual desire

On average, dual-earner same-sex couples are more likely to ______, compared to dual-earner opposite-sex couples. Multiple choice question. experience high levels of relationship conflict have children share household responsibilities divorce

share household responsibilities

As compared to most other countries, the United States has more of which of the following? Multiple select question. short-term cohabiting divorces stable, long-term relationships remarriages marriages

short-term cohabiting divorces remarriages marriages

In a study of never married men, which of the following was the most important factor they were looking for in a potential spouse? Multiple choice question. a steady job same racial or ethnic background at least some education similar ideas about having and raising children

similar ideas about having and raising children

Meta-analyses suggest that overall gender differences in communication are Multiple choice question. nonexistent. overwhelming. substantial. small.

small

Which two of the following would be most likely to be in a marriage for more than 20 years? Multiple select question. a non-Latino white man or woman someone with a bachelor's degree a woman without a high school diploma an Asian American woman a Latino man

someone with a bachelor's degree an Asian American woman

never-married men said that the most important factor for a potential spouse was similar ideas about having and raising children, by never-married women placed greater importance on having a ______ _____.

steady job

*Individuals' behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is referred to as their Multiple choice question. heredity. personality. temperament. identity

temperament.

According to E. Mavis Hetherington, which of the following are among the common pathways men and women take after divorce? Multiple select question. the enhancers the reporters the bad deals the libertines the defeated

the enhancers the libertines the defeated

#18 Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships? lack of intimacy lack of trust learning about shared characteristics unclear sexual boundaries

unclear sexual boundaries

#16 Which of the following is a factor associated with increases in divorce? youthful marriage having a religious affiliation partners from different educational backgrounds high educational level

youthful marriage