PSY 300 module 2

A baby is born with _____ neurons that it requires.

50% more

Which of the following is true of computerized tomography (CT)?

A CT scan gathers X-ray intensity information from multiple angles.

(T or F). Neuroscientists have discovered what each region of the brain is responsible for, down to the smallest parts.

False

(t or f)Pruning refers to your brain's ability to shrink neurons in order to create more space

False

Which of the following is true of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Protons in hydrogen atoms in tissue absorb and then release energy during the MRI procedure.

(T or F). Lesion studies are useful in determining which regions of the brain are critical for certain functions, such as vision, speech, and balance.

True

(t or f) During the sensitive period, infants are able to hear all possible phonemes.

True

T or F. Neuroscience research is very helpful in determining which regions of the brain are correlated with specific bodily functions and actions.

True

Which of the following can be examined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)?

White matter pathology as seen in multiple sclerosis

The idea of "no brain, no pain" refers to the fact that

You can lose a limb without losing sensation of that limb. you can damage an area of the brain and lose sensation of a limb without actually losing the limb. sensations, including pain, begin in the brain

Cells dying in a deliberate, controlled fashion is referred to as

apoptosis

Aside from phantom limbs, people may experience phantom

auditory sensations.

In hunting, the platypus relies on its electrical or touch sense, and its chief sensory organ is its _______.

bill

Computerized tomography (CT) uses X-rays to reveal

brain structure

Microelectrodes, positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are all examples of _______ methods of studying the brain.

correlational

Necrosis and apoptosis are two ways a cell can

die

A scientist wants to use a noninvasive technique to compare neural tracts between two groups of people. The scientist will likely use

diffusion tensor imaging

Given the evidence across species, we can assume that greater environmental stimulation will result in

extensively branched dendritic trees.

A neuroscientist wants to study how different regions of the human brain respond to different images of spiders. The best method to use is

fmri

Which tool can be used to asses a human brain's map of the body?

fmri

Unlike adults, the brains of babies have very _____ plasticity without ________.

generalized; attentional focus

The study of microscopic structures and tissues is known as

histology.

The analysis of lesions allows researchers to

identify the probably function of a specific brain area.

The brain becomes ____ when the release of acetylcholine is modulated or inhibited by other neurotransmitters.

less plastic or not plastic at all

Positron emission tomography (PET) measure brain activity by

measuring the amount of radioactive decay of a substance that is bound to oxygen or other molecules

A person with epilepsy is undergoing surgery. A neuroscientist may implant _____ during the procedure in order to study the electrical activity of neurons.

microelectrodes

Cells dying in an uncontrolled fashion is called

necrosis

Rita Levi-Montalcini's discovery of the _____ while in hiding during World War II earned her the 1968 Nobel Prize.

nerve growth factor

As a baby has more exposure to her mother tongue, she loses to ability to distinguish between

phonemes unused by native speakers of the child's mother tongue.

As brain efficiency goes up, ____ goes down.

plasticity

The brain's ability to change and retain changes is called

plasticity

With an increase in the release of acetylcholine by cholinergic neurons, we can expect an increase in

plasticity

If you were to lose an arm in a motor vehicle accident, your brain would

regrow "arm cells" in the area used for your arm.

Coatimunidis have a relatively larger cortical area devoted to ________; whereas the raccoons have a larger cortical area corresponding to the sense of _________.

smell; touch

Researchers removed one half of a frog's retina (thus halving the number of optic nerves) in order to see if the retinotopic map would

spread out to utilize the entire retina.

Neurotrophins are responsible for

stimulating the growth of new synaptic connections. guiding axons. promoting growth and survival.

The foraging hypothesis

suggests that the demands of feeding food sources that vary spatially and temporally (such as fruit) favor the evolution of enhanced cognition.

We can assume that a given neuron is associated with controlling eye movements if the neuron has outputs connected to

the muscles surrounding the eye

Electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) are

the summation of dendritic field potentials of groups of neurons that vary together.

Phantom hands, feet, or toes move ____ over time.

toward the stumps of the amputation

To follow the connections to and from a given neuron, anatomists use chemical _____ in dead tissue.

tracers

When healthy volunteers have their brain stimulated with ____, they can experience involuntary movement of the left hand.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)