psy 300 quiz questions

A survey question that asks participants to rate a response on a 5-point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree is an example of_______ Answers: A. a Likert scale question. B. a double barreled question. C. a semantic discrimination question. D. an open-ended question.

A

Below are a causal claim, an association claim, a frequency claim, and an anecdotal claim. Which is the association claim? A. Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction. B. Dog traveled 500 miles to find its owners. C. Being visited by dogs in the hospital causes decreases in recovery time. D. A majority of Americans like dogs.

A

Nadia submits her article to a scientific journal for publication. Who makes the final decision on whether her article is published in that scientific journal? A. The editor of the journal B. Nadia, the author of the article C. panel of experts D. The publisher of the journal

A

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report? A. The principle of justice B. The principle of respect for persons C. The principle of integrity C. The principle of beneficence

A

"________ " is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. Selected Answer: A. Falsifiability B. Empiricism C. Theorizing D. Application

B

A county in Indiana needs to choose a jury for a trial. By law, all adults in the county are potential jurors. The presiding judge writes the name of each man and each woman on an individual slip of paper and places the slips in two large boxes, one box containing only men's names and one box containing only women's names. She then draws 6 names from each of the two boxes to obtain 12 jurors in total. What sampling method has the judge apparently used? A.Cluster sampling B.Stratified sampling C.Convenience sampling D. Simple random sampling

B

According to the lecture on Chpt 6, questionnaires, polls, and surveys are similar because they all ______ Answers: A. address the causes of behavior. B. measure self-reports of behavior. C. measure feelings, not perceptions. D. are the only measurement tools used by psychologists

B

According to the textbook, the conclusion that family meals prevent eating disorders cannot be considered to be strongly supported because______ A.there was zero association between the relevant variables. B. the study does not establish temporal precedence and internal validity. C. the researchers manipulated too many variables. D. the relevant variables covaried positively.

B

An association claim involves_____ A.one measured variable and one manipulated variable. B. two measured variables C. two manipulated variables D. one variable

B

An independent variable is one that ______ Selected Answer: A. is measured. B. is manipulated. C. has one level. D. is kept constant.

B

Before using a measure in her study, Dr. Valencia gives the measure to a group of students on Tuesday. She then gives the measure to them again on Friday. She then calculates the correlation between the scores from the two days. This calculation is an assessment of what? A. Interrater reliability B. Test-retest reliability C. Internal consistency D. Construct reliability

B

Dr. Oishi is an educational psychologist interested in students attitudes toward math and the effect of those attitudes on performance on standardized tests. She chooses her local school district to study. There are 15 middle schools, and she randomly chooses five. Then, of the 1,500 students in each of those five schools, she randomly recruits 250 students. This is an example of which of the following sampling techniques? A. Systematic sample B. Multistage sample C. Cluster sample D. Snowball sample

B

If researchers measure every member of a population, they have _______ A. biased the study. B. conducted a census. C. increased internal validity. D. collected a sample.

B

Masked, or blind, study designs are designed to deal with _______ A. yea-saying biases B. observer bias C. bystander effects D. fence-sitting

B

The defining feature of primary journal articles is that they_____ Selected Answer: A. always provide a full review of the literature. B. are rarely peer-reviewed. C. always report information about their methods and results. D. always report experimental studies.

B

200 people completed a 12-item survey that is supposed to assess their life satisfaction. Each item asks participants how much they agree, on a scale of 1 to 7, with a particular statement. For example, one item was: "I can t imagine my life could be any better than it already is." A researcher decides to examine the internal consistency of the responses to the 12 items. She sums up the response scores for items 1 to 6 and then sums the responses for items 7 to 12. Then she calculates the correlation between these two sums. What is this measure of internal consistency called? A. Convergent validity B. Cronbach's alpha C. Split-half reliability D. Gamma

C

According to our lecture, Milgram's obedience studies probably would not be approved today because of two major ethical problems. These problems are _____ and ______ A. Potential for harm; Not all groups of participants were treated fairly B. No informed consent; Not all groups of participants were treated fairly C. Potential for harm; Deception was not fully disclosed during debriefing D. No informed consent; Deception was not fully disclosed during debriefing

C

Every two minutes for an entire day, two biologists independently code the activity (e.g., feeding, socializing, resting) of one orangutan. The next day, they examine their data and calculate kappa to assess their agreement. What type of reliability is this? A. test-retest B. content validity C. inter-rater D. internal consistency

C

IRBs and IACUCs are both committees that evaluate if research is ethical. Which of the following is a difference between them? A. IRBs evaluate animal research; IACUCs evaluate human research B. IRBs evaluate frequency research; IACUCs evaluate causal and associational research C. IACUCs evaluate animal research; IRBs evaluate human research D. IACUCs evaluate causal research; IRBs evaluate association research

C

If a scientist criticizes the Counting Bones study because they are skeptical that the results will generalize to situations where people must pay for their food (rather receiving it for free), they are challenging the study's ______ A. Internal Validity B. Construct Validity C. External Validity D. Statistical Validity

C

The key idea of the "Common Rule" is that _____ A. All research studies done in the U.S. must share all of their Methods and Results in a government database that is open to everyone. B. All research of routine daily behaviors are exempt from IRB review so long as the participants respond anonymously. C. All scholars who conduct research on humans, not just medical doctors or psychologists, must conform to the same ethical standards, including obtaining IRB approval before they begin collecting data. D. Research on humans can be conducted by any U.S. citizen so long as they inform their local IRB of their plans.

C

Your friend Dominic is complaining about having to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), a test similar to the ACT and SAT that is required to go to graduate school. Your friend Shakendra tells him he shouldn't complain because statistics show that GRE scores are actually strongly correlated with graduate school GPA. Shakendra is speaking about the ________ of the test. A. Content validity B. Discriminant validity C. Criterion validity D. Face validity

C

A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) involved telling teachers that some of their students were bloomers and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year. In fact, these students were no different than any of the other students in the class. At the end of the year, the bloomers achieved greater academic gains than the other students did. It appeared that the teachers had unintentionally treated the bloomers in special ways. According to the lecture on Chpt 6, this study illustrates _______ A. observer blindness B. self-report operationalization C. a masked study design D. observer effects

D

According to Chpt 6, one issue that concerns studies prioritizing external validity is that _______ Selected Answer: a research team may identify a representative sample, but many of the people they try to recruit may not end up participating. A. it can be very expensive to conduct analyses of large samples. B. convenience sampling is not sufficiently respected by the research community. C. frequency studies are better than anecdotal studies, but it is difficult to study people for multiple years. D. a research team may identify a representative sample, but many of the people they try to recruit may not end up participating.

D

According to the lecture on Chpt 6, which of the following is true? Answers: A. Self-reports are biased in large and unpredictable ways. B. People are generally excellent judges of the causes of their own behavior. C. The Crowne-Marlowe scale typically improves flash-bulb memories. D. The confidence people have in their memories is not strongly related to the accuracy of their memories.

D

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following? A. Science is based on empiricism. B. The study did not properly define cell phone use. C. The study has been replicated. D. Science is probabilistic.

D

Deception in psychology studies_____ A. should never be used. B. is very rare, especially in social psychology. C. is necessary to discover something interesting. D. must be followed with a debriefing.

D

Erica is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption? A. The frequency of buying coffee drinks B. The number of glasses of soda consumed in a day C. The number of milligrams of caffeine consumed during the study D. Whether or not the participant drank a soda in the 24 hours prior to the study

D

External validity is most important for which of the following claims? A. External validity is equally important for all claims. B. Association claims C. Causal claims D. Frequency claims

D

If a scientist criticizes the Counting Bones study because they are skeptical that the results will generalize to people who are not graduate students at the University of Illinois, they are challenging the study's______ A. Construct Validity B. Statistical Validity C. Internal Validity D. External Validity

D