PSY 302 Final Review Part 2
The degrees of freedom for a χ 2 test of independence is equal to... (number of rows - 1) x (number of columns - 1) N - 1 number of groups - 1 (row total - 1) x (column total -1)
(number of rows - 1) x (number of columns - 1)
What is the slope for the following regression equation? Y i ^ = 23.44 − 2.66 X i 2.66 23.44 20.78 -2.66
-2.66
A study design with more than one grouping variable is called.... two-way design interaction design factorial design experimental design
factorial design
Correlation and linear regression are used to analyze the relationship between ________________ predictors and __________________ outcomes. numerical; numerical numerical; nominal nominal; nominal nominal; numerical
numerical; numerical
Which of the following statements about a 𝜒2χ2goodness-of-fit test are TRUE? It is used for nominal variables It compares the observed number of observations in a group to the expected number of observations. It is used for continuous variables
It is used for nominal variables It compares the observed number of observations in a group to the expected number of observations.
Which of the following are properties of the chi-square distribution? Select all that apply Its exact shape depends on the degrees of freedom It is skewed positive It starts at zero It contains both positive and negative numbers It is symmetrical
Its exact shape depends on the degrees of freedom It is skewed positive It starts at zero
Which scenario could be analyzed using a factorial ANOVA? Bill tests whether males and females differ on a measure of emotional expressiveness. Samantha examines the effect of anxiety on music performances during a student recital. Kai assesses whether experiencing life events is related to distress. Kamal measures the impact of noise and task difficulty on a memory task.
Kamal measures the impact of noise and task difficulty on a memory task.
Based on the data from current UO students, the University Admissions Office aims to predict how well new students are likely going to do in college (in terms of their overall college GPA) based on their SAT scores and high-school GPA. How will they analyze the data? One-way ANOVA Repeated measures ANOVA Multiple regression Correlation
Multiple regression
A researcher assesses the memory of a single group of participants across three experimental conditions. The dependent variable is the number of words correctly remembered. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? repeated measures ANOVA one-way between subjects ANOVA factorial ANOVA chi-square goodness-of-fit
repeated measures ANOVA
Choose the right test for testing the relationship between two variables: two continuous variables correlation a categorical variable (e.g., eye color) and a quantitative variable (e.g., income)
two continuous variables: correlation a categorical variable (e.g., eye color) and a quantitative variable (e.g., income): t-test or ANOVA
A researcher found a correlation between GPA and IQ scores of r = 0.35. What is the proportion of variance in the GPA explained by IQ? Round your answer to two decimal points.
0.12
An analysis of student records found that 16% of variability in college GPA is explained by students high-school GPA. What is the correlation r between college GPA and high-school GPA?
0.4
One-way, between subjects ANOVA has: The total number of participants = 88 Number of groups = 3 SSb = 10 SSw = 54 What is the value of mean squares within? Round to two decimal points
0.64
A researcher investigated the relationship between personality type and risky behavior. She gave personality inventories to 100 high school students and asked each one if he or she had ever driven drunk. She found that out of 60 extroverts, 45 had driven drunk. Out of 40 introverts, only 10 had driven drunk. What is the degrees of freedom for this test?
1
Candice is conducting a 2 × 3 ANOVA on the relationship between age (young, old) and smoking status (smoker, nonsmoker, and former smoker) on physical symptoms. What are the degrees of freedom for the effect of age?
1
When the null hypothesis is true, the F-distribution tends to peak around 1 critical value the average value across all groups 5 0
1
A one-way ANOVA is used to test for mean differences between/among ________________________________. 2 or more groups 2 groups one sample and the population
2 or more groups
Compute variance (MS) for the following sample data: 1, 9, 7, 3, 4 Hint: Make sure to use n-1. Round to two decimal points
10.2
In a one-way, repeated measures ANOVA, calculate the sum of squares residual (SSresidual) given SStotal = 180, SSsubjects = 43, SSbetween = 32.
105
Let b = -0.7, the mean of x scores = 7.55, and the mean of y scores = 7.95. Calculate the y-intercept for the regression line. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
13.24
Given: Number of participants = 150 Number of groups = 4 SSb = 51 SSw = 163 What is the value of mean squares between? Round to two decimal points
17
An administrator is tasked with picking an operating system (OS) for the new computers. He surveys the office to find out which OS the other employees prefer- Mac or Windows. Out of 100 employees, he finds that 71% prefer Mac, while the rest prefer Windows. Calculate χ 2to compare the proportion of employees who prefer Mac to Windows. For each step in your calculations, round your answers to the nearest hundredth before entering into the next step. Round your final answer to the nearest hundredth.
17.64
In a 4 X 3 factorial ANOVA analysis, the output will include __________ main effects. 2 4 12 3
2
A research study enrolled 25 participants to study the effect of relaxation training on statistics performance. They found a sample mean difference of 4.3 points and estimated standard error of 2 points. What is the value fo the t-statistic? Report your answer to two decimal points.
2.15
Compute sum of squares (SS) for the following sample data: 7, 1, 3, 5, 4 Round to two decimal points
20
In one-way, between-subjects ANOVA, the SS-within was 77 and SS-between was 21. What is the percent of total variability accounted for by the effect of treatment? Give your answer in whole percent (%)
21
A study comparing Oregonians and Californians on their tolerance to wine drinking reported t(21)=1.75, p > 0.05. What was the sample size?
23
Below is a hypothetical regression formula for the raw score on the midterm as a function of number of hours studied, number of hours slept on the night before exam, and number of alcoholic beverages consumed the night before exam. What is the predicted score for someone who studied 9 hours, slept 7 hours, and did not drink the night before exam? score = 14 + 1.1*StudyHours + 0.4*SleptHours - 2*Drinks Round your answer two one decimal point.
26.7
In a one-way, between-subjects ANOVA with 5 groups and 8 people in each group, what is the degrees of freedom between?
4
We conducted a hypothesis test for the Pearson correlation coefficient r. What are the degrees of freedom when the number of participants from which the r-value was computed was 46?
44
The Director of Academic Support Services wanted to know if students with ADHD had more trouble with certain types of tests. A sample of 25 students with ADHD were given equivalent reading passage for each of three types of tests. Each student took a multiple-choice test, a fill-in-the-blank test, and a short essay test. Tests scores were compared for all conditions. What is the degrees of freedom residual in this scenario?
48
Compute variance (MS) for the following sample data: 2, 5, 3, 4, 8 Remember the formula for variance MS = SS/df Hint: Make sure to use n-1 for degrees of freedom in this example. Round to two decimal points
5.3
A 3 X 2 factorial design will have ______ different cell means. 6 5 3 2
6
In a one-way, between-subjects ANOVA with k = 6 groups and n= 11 participants in each group, what is the degrees of freedom within?
60
Compute sum of squares (SS) for the following sample data: 3, 1, 3, 5, 4 Remember the formula for sum of squares ∑ ( X i − M )^2 Round to two decimal points
8.8
Given: The total number of participants = 86 Number of groups = 6 SSb = 9 SSw = 165 What is the degrees of freedom within?
80
A team of researchers hypothesized that men and women use different strategies to maintain happiness. They surveyed men and women and asked which of the following three strategies they used to maintain happiness (participants had to choose only one): friends, exercise, or academic accomplishments. Among the men, 92 indicated friends, 107 indicated exercise, and 25 indicated academic accomplishments. Among the women, 98 indicated friends, 79 indicated exercise, and 81 indicated academic accomplishments. Calculate the expected frequency for men who use exercise to maintain happiness For each step in your calculations, round your answers to the nearest hundredth before entering into the next step. Round your final answer to the nearest hundredth.
86.44
Which of these observed values are more likely to lead to rejecting of the null hypothesis? Select all that apply. A very small p-value A very large p-value A very small F-value A very large F-value
A very small p-value A very large F-value
Brenda is interested in the effects of stress on blood pressure. She assesses the blood pressure of 50 females before, during, and after giving a public speech. What would her null hypothesis be? Average blood pressure would be different before, during, and after giving a public speech. Average blood pressure would be the same before and after giving a public speech, but not during. Average blood pressure would be the same before, during, and after giving a public speech. Average blood pressure will be different before and during a public speech.
Average blood pressure would be the same before, during, and after giving a public speech.
Under what circumstances will be the F-statistic the largest? Big differences between means, large sample size Small differences between means, large sample size Big differences between means, small sample size Small differences between means, small sample size
Big differences between means, large sample size
Under what circumstances will be the absolute value of the t-statistic the largest? Big differences between means, large sample size Big differences between means, small sample size Small differences between means, large sample size Small differences between means, small sample size
Big differences between means, large sample size
A psychologist is interested in comparing the demographics of grand jury members to demographics of the population to see if grand jury panels are really representative of the population. The first variable she examines is age. The percentage of people over 65 in the population is 25%, but out of 200 people empaneled for grand jury trials, 76 (38%) were aged 65 or more. She wants to know if the proportion of people over 65 on grand juries is significantly different than that proportion in the population. What test should she use? Independent samples t-test Chi-square test of independence Correlation Paired t-test Chi-square goodness of fit test
Chi-square goodness of fit test
A psychologist is interested in whether or not handedness is related to gender. Specifically she wants to know if the percentage left-handed men in the population is different from the percentage of left-handed women. She collected data on handedness for 200 men and 200 women. What type of statistical test would be appropriate? Independent samples t-test Chi-square test of independence Paired t-test Chi-square goodness of fit test
Chi-square test of independence
A psychologist is interested in the relationship between job satisfaction and stress. Within a large corporation, the psychologist asked a random sample of workers two questions. The first question asked workers to rate their overall satisfaction with their job on a scale from 1 to 50. The second question asked the workers to rate their stress level during the past week on a scale from 1 to 50. What type of statistical test best assesses the strength of the relationship between job satisfaction and level of stress? Independent samples t-test Correlation Regression Paired t-test
Correlation
To study the relationship between memory and age, professor Zeithamova collected a large sample of participants between ages 18-80 and administered them a word list learning task. The age of each participant and the number of words recalled from the list were recorded. Which inference test will be used to analyze the data? One way, between-subjects ANOVA Factorial ANOVA Correlation Independent samples t-test Paired t-test
Correlation
Which of the following questions would be most likely be tested using a paired samples t-test? Is the average birth weight of babies born in Alaska similar to that in the US in general? Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression Are obesity rates different in California and Illinois? Is there a difference in the verbal ability between US and Canadian students?
Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression
Nima investigated the relationship between optimism and exercise habits on recall for health information. Participants took the Life Orientation Test and were divided into low optimism and high optimism groups. These two groups were further subdivided by whether the participant rarely exercised, sometimes exercised, or frequently exercised. Each participant was presented with a page of 30 facts about healthy living, and one week later their memory for these facts was tested. Which test should be used to analyze the data? Factorial ANOVA Independent samples t-test One-way, between-subjects ANOVA Correlation Repeated measures ANOVA
Factorial ANOVA
Regression analysis found the best fitting line equation to be y_hat = 3 - 4*x What is the strength of the relationship between x and y? weak It cannot be determined based on the information given strong moderate
It cannot be determined based on the information given
Which of the following statements about a χ 2 goodness-of-fit test are TRUE? It is used for continuous variables It compares the observed number of observations in a group to the expected number of observations. It is used for nominal variables
It compares the observed number of observations in a group to the expected number of observations. It is used for nominal variables
Studying the relationship between geographical location and political views, a researcher compared scores on the conservative values questionnaire among samples from New York, South Carolina, Kansas, Montana and Oregon. What in this scenario would be referred to as a level? questionnaire score number of participants geographical location New York, South Carolina, Kansas, Montana or Oregon
New York, South Carolina, Kansas, Montana or Oregon
The figure below represents what type of relationships between A and B and the dependent variable? X shaped graph
No main effects, but a significant interaction
A researcher believes that recall of verbal material differs with the level of processing. He divided his subjects into three groups. In the low processing group, participants read each word and were instructed to count the number of letters in the word. In the medium processing group, participants were asked to read each word and think of a word that rhymed. In the high processing group, participants were asked to read each word and think about something that happened to them that would relate to that word. Each group was allowed to read the list of 30 words three times, then they were asked to recall as many of the words on the list as possible. If the researcher wants to know whether the three groups have different amounts of recall, what type of statistical test should be used? One-way between-subjects ANOVA One-way, within-subjects ANOVA Factorial ANOVA Independent samples t-test Paired t-test
One-way between-subjects ANOVA
A researcher investigated the relationship between personality type and risky behavior. She gave personality inventories to 100 high school students and asked each one if he or she had ever driven drunk. She found that out of 60 extroverts, 45 had driven drunk. Out of 40 introverts, only 10 had driven drunk. Which of the following is the appropriate null hypothesis? P(extrovert and has driven drunk) ≠ P(introvert and has driven drunk) P(extrovert and has not driven drunk) ≠ P(introvert and has not driven drunk) P(extrovert and has driven drunk) = P(introvert and has driven drunk) P(extrovert and has driven drunk) ≠ P(introvert and has driven drunk) P(extrovert and has not driven drunk) = P(introvert and has not driven drunk) P(extrovert and has driven drunk) = P(introvert and has driven drunk) P(extrovert and has not driven drunk) = P(introvert and has not driven drunk)
P(extrovert and has driven drunk) = P(introvert and has driven drunk) P(extrovert and has not driven drunk) = P(introvert and has not driven drunk)
Which scenario would best be analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA? Jean conducts an experiment on how the severity of stress impacts memory during an exam. Shannon tests her smoking cessation program on a group of people and measures the smoking behavior of the same people before, during, and after treatment. Carrie hands out questionnaires to determine the association between perceived stigma and help-seeking behaviors of people living with HIV. Onur wants to compare the body esteem of males compared to females.
Shannon tests her smoking cessation program on a group of people and measures the smoking behavior of the same people before, during, and after treatment.
Which variable should you plot on the x-axis? There is no convention. The casual variable, if one exists. The effect (outcome) variable, if one exists. The variable with smaller values.
The casual variable, if one exists.
A researcher set alpha = 0.05. After running an independent samples t-test, they found t(9) = 2.39, p = 0.041. What can you conclude? select all that apply The null hypothesis was retained The difference between groups was statistically significant The null hypothesis was rejected The alternative hypothesis was rejected
The difference between groups was statistically significant The null hypothesis was rejected
Which variable should you plot on the y-axis? The effect (outcome) variable, if there is one. The variable with larger values. The causal variable, if there is one. There is no convention.
The effect (outcome) variable, if there is one.
In a study comparing three types of chairs on subjective comfort ratings, the researchers obtained F(2,40) = 3.02. The critical value of F, Fcritical (2,40)= 3.23. What was the decision? The null hypothesis was retained. The alternative hypothesis was rejected because p < 0.05 The null hypothesis was rejected. The alternative hypothesis was correct.
The null hypothesis was retained.
A scale of neuroticism has a mean of 55, with standard deviation of 5. Maya thinks that her neighborhood is very green and peaceful, which may result in lower neuroticism. She administers the neuroticism scale to people in her neighborhood and obtains a mean score of 52. What can we conclude? Neuroticism scores in her neighborhood are significantly lower than in general population. We cannot make a conclusion because we are missing a key piece of information. Neuroticism scores in her neighborhood are not significantly lower than in general population.
We cannot make a conclusion because we are missing a key piece of information.
When will the independent samples t-value be more likely significant? When the differences between sample means are small When the differences between sample means are large When there is a large variability in each group When there is a small variability within each group
When the differences between sample means are large When there is a small variability within each group
Given the results r(29) = -.84, p < .05, what are the most appropriate conclusions? Select all that apply X and Y have a negative relationship. X and Y have a positive relationship. the results are statistically significant The null hypothesis is probably true.
X and Y have a negative relationship. the results are statistically significant
A correlation coefficient r = 1 indicates a weak correlation. a perfect negative relationship. no correlation. a perfect positive relationship.
a perfect positive relationship.
In a one-way ANOVA, MS within can be viewed as.... the treatment effect an estimate of between group variance equal to MSb an estimator of the error variance σ^2
an estimator of the error variance σ^2
When you run an ANOVA with more than two-groups and end up with a significant result, what can you conclude? at least one population mean is different from at least one other population mean at least two population means are equal to each other there is a significant difference between one of your experimental groups and the control group there is a significant difference between all of the experimental groups
at least one population mean is different from at least one other population mean
A researcher wants to test the relationship between income, measured in dollars earned per year, and social connectedness, measured in the number of friends a person has. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? independent samples t-test chi-square test of independence paired-samples t-test correlation
correlation
The goal of _______________ is to be able to predict Y values from X values. regression correlation a t-test residuals
regression
In a one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, the degrees of freedom associated with the remaining variability (after variance due to individual differences and the independent variable are factored out ) are called _____. dfTotal dfTreatment dfResidual dfSubjects
dfResidual
In a one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, which equation is used to calculate dfResidual? dfSubjects × dfTreatment N - 1 N-k k - 1
dfSubjects × dfTreatment
In a one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, the degrees of freedom associated with variability due to the independent variable are called _____. dfTotal dfTreatment dfSubjects dfResidual
dfTreatment
When conducting a factorial ANOVA, eta squared can be calculated for: each main effect and for the interaction. only the interaction effect. only main effects
each main effect and for the interaction.
We can only run a chi-square test if the ____________ is at least 5. expected frequency in each cell number of conditions observed frequency in each cell sample size
expected frequency in each cell
A waiter wants to know whether it is true that leaving a small chocolate with the bill will increase tips and whether the chocolate has a different influence on men than it does on women. If the waiter asked me to design an experiment to test this, what type of statistical test will I be planning on performing? independent samples t-test one-way, between subjects ANOVA correlation repeated-measures ANOVA paired t-test factorial ANOVA
factorial ANOVA
A waiter wants to know whether it is true that leaving a small chocolate with the bill will increase tips and whether the chocolate has a different influence on men than it does on women. If the waiter asked me to design an experiment to test this, what type of statistical test will I be planning on performing? one-way, between subjects ANOVA factorial ANOVA repeated-measures ANOVA paired t-test independent samples t-test z-test
factorial ANOVA
Studying the relationship between geographical location and political views, a researcher compared scores on the conservative values questionnaire among samples from New York, South Carolina, Kansas, Montana and Oregon. What in this scenario would be referred to as a factor? geographical location score on the conservative value questionnaire New York, South Carolina, Kansas, Montana, Oregon number of participants number of samples
geographical location
Researchers wanted to compare the level of happiness in US and Finland. Which of the following statistical tests would be appropriate for this analysis? independent samples t one sample t paired samples t
independent samples t
A researcher is testing the effects of stress on people's moods. The experimental condition has 25 participants. The control condition has 31 participants. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? correlation chi-square goodness-of-fit paired-samples t-test independent samples t-test
independent samples t-test
A researcher wants to compare males and females on smoking behavior. Smoking is measured as the number of cigarettes smoked each day. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? factorial ANOVA paired-samples t-test chi-square goodness-of-fit independent samples t-test
independent samples t-test
A statistics professor is interested in the effect of electronic textbooks on learning. She assigns one of her sections of introductory statistics to use a traditional textbook and the other section an equivalent electronic textbook. One question the professor might ask is whether the choice of textbooks had an effect on exam performance. Which statistical test would be the most appropriate choice to investigate this question? factorial ANOVA paired t-test repeated-measures ANOVA correlation independent-samples t-test regression
independent-samples t-test
What statistical test should be used to compare psychology knowledge of students who are psychology majors with those who are not? one-sample t-test one-way ANOVA independent-samples t-test paired t-test
independent-samples t-test
A Pearson correlation coefficient measures the strength of the ________________ relationship between two variables. any linear quadratic logarithmic exponential
linear
A(n) _____ effect is the effect of a single explanatory variable on a dependent variable. within-subjects between-subjects main interaction
main
The grand mean is the.... mean of all observations across groups the mean of the factor with more levels mother of dragons the largest group mean
mean of all observations across groups
According to the Cohen's rule-of-thumb interpretation of r-values, an r of -.3 is considered a ___________________ correlation. negligible weak strong moderate
moderate
An eta squared value of 0 indicates ________ a small treatment effect a large treatment effect effect that is statistically significant no effect of group
no effect of group
In a one-way ANOVA, the factor is most commonly on which type of scale? nominal/categorical ratio ordinal interval
nominal/categorical
In a 𝜒2 test of independence, the __________ hypothesis states that the probabilities of one variable do not depend on the value of another variable. null chi-square alternative research
null
Principal Jones collects data on how students in her school performed on a standardized test that is measured on an interval scale. She wants to compare her school's performance to the mean of the rest of the schools in the state. She does not know the standard deviation of scores on this test for the state. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? one sample t-test one sample z-test paired-samples t-test one way between subjects ANOVA
one sample t-test
Researchers want to know if people in Oregon spend more time outdoors than people in the US in general. They collect a sample of Oregonians and ask them how many hours per week they typically spend outdoors. Which of the following statistical tests would be appropriate for this analysis? paired samples t-test one-way ANOVA one-sample t-test independent samples t-test
one-sample t-test
A group of researchers is interested in knowing how love of coffee varies across different parts of the US. They obtain samples from Washington, Oregon, California, Illinois, and New York and have participants rate their love of coffee on a Likert scale from 1 to 7. Which of the following statistical tests would be appropriate for this analysis? one-way ANOVA independent samples t-test one-sample t-test paired samples t-test
one-way ANOVA
In a clinical trial, a third of participants are assigned into the psychotherapy treatment group, one third into the psychotherapy + medication group and one third into a control (no treatment) group. Which test should be used to compare the degree of depressive symptoms between groups at the conclusion of the trial? one-way ANOVA independent samples t-test paired t-test repeated-measures ANOVA
one-way ANOVA
Researchers wanted to compare the level of happiness in US, Finland, Brazil and South Africa. Which of the following statistical tests would be the most appropriate for this analysis? one sample t independent samples t one-way ANOVA paired samples t
one-way ANOVA
A demographer hypothesized that men and women in a heterosexual relationship differentially support same-sex marriages. He randomly sampled 250 heterosexual couples and asked each wife and each husband to indicate their support for same-sex marriages on a 10-point scale. Which test should the demographer use? independent samples t-test one-way between-subjects ANOVA repeated measures ANOVA paired samples t-test
paired samples t-test
One-way, repeated measures ANOVA is an extension of _________ z-test independent samples t-test one-sample t-test paired t-test
paired t-test
You are interested to know if the number of syllables influences memory for words. You get 12 subjects and ask them to memorize 50 words. Twenty-five of the words are one-syllable words, and 25 are three-syllable words. You find that subjects remember an average of 15 of the single-syllable words and 8 of the three-syllable words. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? chi-square goodness-of-fit independent samples t-test one-way ANOVA paired-samples t-test
paired-samples t-test
What do we call "coefficient of determination"? r r2 a (intercept) b (slope)
r2
A Web developer believes that the amount of time individuals spend on a particular Web page is drastically affected by the types of images that are displayed on that page. In order to show her customers that this is the case, she creates three Web sites that are identical except for the images displayed: one has images of kittens, one has images of landscapes, and one has images of happy couples. She invites 25 participants into her office and asks each participant to browse all three Web sites. For each participant, she records the amount of time that the individual spent at each site. Which test would she most likely use to find out if the type of images affects browsing time? repeated-measures ANOVA paired t-test independent samples t-test factorial ANOVA one-way, between-subjects ANOVA
repeated-measures ANOVA
If the Pearson correlation coefficient is r = .9, then the slope in the regression equation will be small or large, depending on the measurement units of the variable. .9 small large
small or large, depending on the measurement units of the variable.
According to the Cohen's rule-of-thumb interpretation of r-values, an r of .75 would be considered a ____________ correlation. weak strong moderate non-existent
strong
To calculate eta squared, the ________________________ is divided by the sum of squares total. sum of squares within mean squares within sum of squares between mean squares total
sum of squares between
You are analyzing a data set with one categorical predictor (conservative or liberal) and one continuous outcome variable. Which statistical test should you use? t-test Multiple regression Correlation Simple regression
t-test
You should use a one-way repeated measures ANOVA when testing for significant differences between groups when different participants are used in each group testing for significant differences between groups when the same participants are in each group we have exactly one measurement per participant
testing for significant differences between groups when the same participants are in each group
Correlation measures ___________________ of a relationship between two continuous variables. the direction and strength the direction but not strength the strength but not the direction neither strength nor direction
the direction and strength
A factorial ANOVA should be used when: the explanatory variable being tested has only two levels. data are collected on a nominal scale. the effects of two explanatory variables are being tested. two dependent variables are being tested.
the effects of two explanatory variables are being tested.
In a one-way ANOVA, the alternative hypothesis is that all the population means are different from each other the population means are all equal the population means are not all equal there is a difference between the mean of group 1 and the mean of group 2
the population means are not all equal
In a one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis is that... there are no differences among any of the group means the mean of group 1 is less than the mean of group 2 there are at least two means that are the same there are mean differences among the groups
there are no differences among any of the group means
Larger F-values indicate that ... Select all that apply. there is greater variability between groups than within groups there is greater variability within groups than between groups group 1 has greater variance than group 2 the observed data are unlikely if the null hypothesis was true group mean differences are larger than what would be expected by chance
there is greater variability between groups than within groups the observed data are unlikely if the null hypothesis was true group mean differences are larger than what would be expected by chance
What do post-hoc tests tell us? that we show research bias, trying to find an effect where there is none whether ANOVA is significant which group has the largest sample size which means are significantly different from each other
which means are significantly different from each other