PSY 352 Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Self-Efficacy effects on Behavior

"Choice: Selection of Activities and Environments " (Reeve 268) Reeve, Johnmarshall. Understanding Motivation and Emotion, 6th Edition. Wiley, 2014-01-06. VitalBook file. The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.

Behavior

2. Psychology, Animal Behavior. observable activity in a human or animal. the aggregate of responses to internal and external stimuli. a stereotyped, species-specific activity, as a courtship dance or startle reflex.

Emotional Deficits

A child with EBD is a child who exhibits one or more of the above emotionally based characteristics of sufficient duration, frequency and intensity that interferes significantly with educational performance to the degree that provision of special educational service is necessary. EBD is an emotional disorder characterized by excesses, deficits or disturbances of behavior. The child's difficulty is emotionally based and cannot be adequately explained by intellectual, cultural, sensory general health factors, or other additional exclusionary factors

Skill and Self-Efficacy

Chicken or the egg?

Cognition

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking."[1] Much of the work derived from cognitive psychology has been integrated into various other modern disciplines of psychological study, including educational psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, and economics.

Learning Deficits

Learning disability is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. Given the "difficulty learning in a typical manner", this does not exclude the ability to learn in a different manner. Therefore, some people can be more accurately described as having a "Learning Difference", thus avoiding any misconception of being disabled with a lack of ability to learn and possible negative stereotyping.

Empowering People

Mastery Modeling Program

Helplessness Effects: Motivation Deficits

Metamotivation is a term coined by Abraham Maslow to describe the motivation of people who are self-actualized and striving beyond the scope of their basic needs to reach their full potential. Maslow suggested that people are initially motivated by a series of basic needs,[1] called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow states, "Self-actualizing people are gratified in all their basic needs (of belongingness, affection, respect, and self-esteem)".[2] Once a person has successfully navigated the hierarchy of needs thus satisfying all their basic needs, Maslow proposed they then travel "a path called growth motivation".[3]

Motivation to Exercise Personal Control

Perceived Control: Self, Action, Control

Learning, Coping

Performing, Achieving

Verbal Persuasion

Physiological State: how it affects the brain specifically the hypothalamus.

Self-Efficacy

Self-Efficacy, coined by Albert Bandura is a person's belief in his or her ability to complete a future task or solve a future problem. For example, if a person believes he is a brilliant scientist and can complete any scientific experiment, he has a high self-efficacy in science because he believes in his competency to perform a future experiment. Whether it is true that he is brilliant in science or not doesn't really matter. It only matters what he believes. Self-Efficacy can also influence your goals, actions, and successes (or failures) in life. If your self-efficacy in an area is much lower than your ability, you will never challenge yourself or improve. If your self-efficacy in an area is much higher than your ability, you will set goals that are too high, fail, and possibly quit. The ideal self-efficacy is slightly above a person's ability: high enough to be challenging while still being realistic.

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy, also referred as personal efficacy, is the extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals.[1] Psychologists have studied self-efficacy from several perspectives, noting various paths in the development of self-efficacy; the dynamics of self-efficacy, and lack thereof, in many different settings; interactions between self-efficacy and self-concept; and habits of attribution that contribute to, or detract from, self-efficacy.

Effort and Persistence

Thinking and Decision Making

Personal Behavior History

Vicarious Experience

Learning Helplessness

When an organism (person, animal, etc.) is prevented from avoiding some aversive stimulus repeatedly (e.g., continuous electric shocks) the organism will reach a state in which it becomes passive and depressed because he believes that there are no actions it can take to avoid the aversive stimulus. Esssentially, the organism just gives up trying to avoid it and just takes the aversive stimulus. Thus, the organism learns that it is helpless against the aversive stimulus.

Contingency

a contingent event; a chance, accident, or possibility conditional on something uncertain:

Emotionality

emotional state or quality

Empowerment

the giving or delegation of power or authority; authorization

Psychological Need for Competence

the need to feel competent for one's mental health.