PSY 356 Chapter 10

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

pineal gland

the ___ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep

pontine

The region that appears to be responsible for activating wakefulness is known as the

reticular formation

Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in _______ sleep.

stage 3

The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by

sustained SWS

a woman has just celebrated her 100th birthday, which description of her sleep is mostly likely to be true?

An EEG of her brain would reveal that complete absence of stage 3 sleep

Which statement about fatal familial insomnia is false?

It is characterized by chronic lifetime insomnia

Frightening dreams associated with stage 3 sleep are called

Night Terrors

A scientist wants to conduct a study in which an animal brain is transected but REM sleep could continue to be measured in the cerebral cortex. Which region must remain connected to the cortex?

Pons

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in _______ sleep just before awakening.

REM

The large proportion of ___ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation

REM

If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours, which of the following occur?

The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm

Research has shown that in the forebrain system, SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the ___, while in the brainstem system, the ___ projects axons to the brain, prompting wakefulness

Tuberomammillary nucleus; reticular formation

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a day is called a(n) _______ rhythm.

Ultradian

When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are

a little more than 24 hours long

Destruction of the SCN _______ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion.

abolishes

People diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except

an abundance of REM sleep

Because of shifts in circadian rhythms that occur around puberty, students at high schools that begin the school day after 8:30 AM generally experience

better academic performance

Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of

improving long-term retention

The human menstrual cycle provides an example of a(n) ___ rhythm, because it repeats less than once per day.

infradian

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is especially prominent during _______ of a night's sleep.

initial half

what is the primary evolutionary benefit of a circadian rhythm?

it allows an animal to anticipate an important natural event and adjust its behavior accordingly

___ is a symptom of a mismatch between internal and external time while traveling.

jet lag

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

large amplitude delta waves

Dreams experienced during REM sleep are characterized by

vague visual imagery

The stimulus (usually the light-dark cycle) that entrains circadian rhythms is called a(n)

zeitgeber