PSY 364 EXAM #2 QUIZZES

Zola puts her toys away in the toy chest and goes to eat dinner. Her brother, unbeknownst to her, decides to take all of her toys and put them under his bed. A child who has a theory of mind would predict that, when Zola returns after dinner, she will...

....look for her toys in the toy chest

Piaget suggested that the key cognitive acquisition in the preoperational stage of cognitive development is the ability to..

....refer to people and objects that are not currently present.

Jack is taking a class on Piaget, and as part of an assignment he is "testing" some youngsters on various Piagetian tasks. He gives 4-year-old Meg a bag of red and blue marbles. They discuss the fact that marbles are made of glass. Meg counts the marbles -- 7 reds and 18 blues. Jack asks: "Are there more blue marbles or more glass marbles?" Meg says: "There are more blue marbles." This demonstrates Meg's difficulty with..

...class inclusion.

Asked to choose between two cookies of equal size one whole and one broken, Jenny takes the broken cookie, saying that three cookies are better than one. Piaget would say that Jenny lacks..

...conservation.

Concerning mental actions, concrete operations is to formal operations as..

...objects are to ideas.

Understanding belief-desire psychology means understanding that...

...some beliefs that influence behavior are not accurate.

The "false belief" task is used to assess...

...the understanding that people hold incorrect personal beliefs that influence their behaviors.

While observing her mother bake cookies, Lorna ignore the process by which eggs, flour, and sugar are combined and baked, but rather focuses on the end product of a cookie. Lorna's thought BEST exemplifies...

..static thought.

Cross-cultural studies..

..support Piaget's proposed sequence but not the rate (which is influenced by culture).

Accommodation is BEST defined as..

..the process of modifying existing schema to better fit a new schema.

Sarah tries to wipe up the juice that she spilled all over the living room floor so that her dad doesn't see that she disobeyed him by taking juice out of the kitchen. This suggests that Sarah.

.can engage in deceitful behavior, a sign of a theory of mind.

Which statement best describes Piaget's theory on intelligence? a. Intelligence develops as the result of the interactions of classical and operant conditioning. b. Intelligence develops as the result of interactions between biologically based individuals and their interaction with an environment. c. Intelligence is solely the product of the interaction of genetic predispositions with biological maturation. d. Intelligence is solely the product of sociocultural experiences.

b. Intelligence develops as the result of interactions between biologically based individuals and their interaction with an environment.

Jerry likes to play with his stuffed animals, dragging them around the house by their arms, ears, or tails. He tries todo this with Tom the cat one day, but Tom hisses at Jerry and runs off, leaving Jerry perplexed and crying. Jerry's original attempt to play with the cat best illustrates the concept of a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. disequilibrium. d. fixation

b. assimilation.

Based on the research of Jean Piaget, who would you expect to have a basis for moral reasoning based on the rule, "All violations will be handled swiftly and harshly---there will be no exceptions." A) 4-year-old Molly B) 8-year-old Dolly C) 12-year-old Polly

B) 8-year-old Dolly

Turiel made a distinction between "moral" rules and "social-conventional" rules. Which BEST exemplifies the concept of a moral rule? A) Don't run in the halls. B) Don't take things that don't belong to you. C) Don't chew gum in school.

B) Don't take things that don't belong to you.

Who is experiencing an empathic response? A) Daisy, who feels bad that she did not give money to a street person B) Rose, who cries as she watches a news documentary about a mother talking about a son she lost to AIDS C) Fern, who is excited about going on her first date

B) Rose, who cries as she watches a news documentary about a mother talking about a son she lost to AIDS

2. The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is often used to explain: A) how deficits in school funding create ineffective schools. B) how people with lower IQs have more children, thus lowering the average IQ in a society. C) how the cumulative effects of a superior education create a feeling of never being satisfied. D) how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.

D) how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.

According to the script theory, individuals who spend a lot of time playing violent video games are more likely to think that someone who bumps into you on the street Did it on accident "Had the head in the clouds" Did it deliberately Was too tired to walk straight

Did it deliberately

The term "the banality of evil" means that Under certain circumstances, anybody can act aggressively Human nature is evil Catharsis is a natural response Holocaust could happen again

Under certain circumstances, anybody can act aggressively

Thao is able to correctly solve conservation tasks involving mass but cannot solve conservation tasks involving volume. How would Piaget explain Thao's behavior?

Using the concept of horizontal décalage

According to researchers, the difference between watching violence on TV and playing violent video games is that Watching TV is a family experience compared to playing video games with friends Children do not have access to violent video games Parents monitor the time their children spend playing games more than watching TV Video games are more interactive, and players are more actively involved

Video games are more interactive, and players are more actively involved

Which of the following people would be MOST LIKELY just to have begun to understand that if a group of people realize that a rule is bad they can change the rule so that a behavior that used to be seen as bad is now ok? A) Larry, who is at the postconventional level B) Garry, who is at the autonomous morality stage C) Terri, who is in the premorality period

\ B) Garry, who is at the autonomous morality stage

Jamie doesn't worry very much about contracting HIV from unprotected sex, saying "I'm a good guy. It can't happen to me." This is an example of a. an imaginary audience. b. a personal fable. c. an A not B error. d. hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

a personal fable.

If you tested 1,000 infants on a valid test that generated a DQ, what expectation would you have concerning the correlation between the DQ and an IQ taken when these individuals reach age 20? a) Expected correlation around 0 b) Expected correlation around +.5 c) Expected correlation around -1.0 d) Expected correlation around +1.0

a) Expected correlation around 0

Sally has just gotten her hair trimmed, and even though it doesn't look very different than before, she is sure everyone will notice a big change and be focusing on her hair all day. This is an example of: a) imaginary audience b) personal fable c) hypothetical-deductive reasoning d) relativistic thinking

a) imaginary audience

agency is to communality as: a) masculine is to feminine b) sex is to gender c) heterosexual is to homosexual d) attitude is to behavior

a) masculine is to feminine

Jerry likes to play with his stuffed animals, dragging them around the house by their arms ears or tails. He tries to do this with Tom the cat one day, but Tom hisses at Jerry and runs off, leaving Jerry perplexed and crying. Jerry's original attempt to play with the cat BEST illustrates the concept of..

assimilation

According to Dodge's social information-processing model, an aggressive teenager who is run into in the hallway will LIKELY...

assume that the event was intentional

Individuals at Piaget's ____ of moral development have first begun to make moral judgments on the basis of someone's intent versus the actual outcome of their behavior.

autonomous mortality stage

Sarah tries to wipe up the juice that she spilled all over the living room floor so that her dad doesn't see that she disobeyed him by taking juice out of the kitchen. This suggests that Sarah.. a. is capable of love withdrawl b. has developed a morality based on rules and authority c. can engage in decietful behavior and is capable of planting a false belief in others d. cannot be trusted to make appropriate moral decisions

c. can engage in decietful behavior and is capable of planting a false belief in others

Piaget argued that newborns enter the world with a. no means of adaptation. b. senses and reflexes that can assist in adaptation. c. little interest in investigating the world around them. d. an intuitive knowledge of basic biology and physics

b. senses and reflexes that can assist in adaptation.

Michelle wanted a "Beanie Baby" stuffed animal but didn't have the money to buy one. One day she was in a store at the mall, and when she thought no one was looking, she slipped a beanie baby into her bag and left without paying for it. Later, when she was playing with it, she found she wasn't enjoying herself very much, and she felt bad that she had stolen the beanie baby. Taking the beanie baby from the store represents the ____ component of morality while the fact that she felt bad represents the ____ component of morality.

behavioral; affective

Which statement reflects Kohlberg's conventional morality?

buckle up, it the law

Sixteen-year-old Becky wants to go on a weekend camping trip with a group of her friends (some of whom are male). She brings up the idea with her parents. As they tend to be authoritative parents, their most likely response is to say, a) "Absolutely not. Case closed." b) "Do as you please. It's your life!" c) "Let's sit down and discuss this. We're not sure if this is a good idea, but we'd like to hear your views. Then we'll come to some sort of agreement." d) "We don't approve, but if you insist..."

c) "Let's sit down and discuss this. We're not sure if this is a good idea, but we'd like to hear your views. Then we'll come to some sort of agreement."

which statement is true with regard to the nature of early parent-child interactions? a) as a result of genetic factors, fathers have been shown to be incapable of sensitive parenting b) mothers are far more sensitive to infants' cues during feeding c) father are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" with their children d) fathers are significantly less effective at feeding infants

c) father are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" with their children

Individuals with high levels of mastery orientation _____ challenges and _____ in the face of failure. a) thrive on; quit b) avoid; quit c) thrive on; persist d) avoid; persist

c) thrive on; persist

Eighteen-month-old Mickey is visiting a theme park for the first time. At the park, he sees some zebras, an animalwith which he is unfamiliar. Despite this, he looks at the animals and shouts, "Look at the horses!" He had previously formed a mental schema for horses. Piaget would say that Mickey's reaction best demonstrates theconcept of a. accommodation. b. reversibility. c. assimilation. d. formal thought.

c. assimilation.

Piaget hypothesized that an infant's first schemas for interacting with the environment always involve a. cross-modal reactions. b. conservation. c. reflexes. d. trial-and-error accommodations.

c. reflexes.

Which of the following is the best example of assimilation? a. Naming your dog Barney after the famous purple Barney on TV b. Changing the name of your dog after finding out that a classmate has a dog with the same name c. Pretending that your dog is a horsed. d. Naming the first dog you meet, "Spot," and then calling all other dogs that you meet "Spot"

d. Naming the first dog you meet, "Spot," and then calling all other dogs that you meet "Spot"

Dr. Gretzky defines himself as a cognitive psychologist. Given this information, you might predict that Dr. Gretzkyis most interested in a. operant conditioning in rats. b. the endocrine system. c. children's thinking skills. d. the olfactory system.

c. children's thinking skills.

Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that a. crystallized intelligence peaks in young adulthood and then declines steadily. b. both fluid and crystallized and fluid intelligence peak in middle adulthood and then decline steadily. c. crystallized intelligence peaks and then declines, while fluid intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood. d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.

d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.

A large-scale study on intelligence, income, and occupational prestige by Judge, Klinger, and Simon (2010) found that a. general intelligence was not significantly related to either income or occupational prestige. b. general intelligence predicted the income of manual workers only c. general intelligence predicted the income of technical workers only d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige.

d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige.

Piaget was most interested in determining a. which genes drive development. b. social interactions with adults could be shown to determine cognitive development in children. c. the most effective way to test for a child's IQ. d. how children learn.

d. how children learn.

Rana never had any formal training in breeding animals, but had always actively helped with his father in the family's business of breeding sheep. Consequently, Rana is now quite skilled at this practice. Vygotsky would refer to this skill acquisition as being the result of...

guided participation

The statement, "Hitting is wrong because you can hurt the people you are striking" BEST fits with the ____ parental approach for fostering moral development.

induction

One-year-old Andy notices a rag doll sitting in the corner. He is very excited and begins to point at the doll in the hopes that his mother Ann will notice. Suddenly, Ann notices the doll and the two look at the rag doll together. At this point this mutual experience represents..

joint attention

Ira has just stolen a purse from a woman on the subway. He then says to himself, "If that woman really wanted her purse, she would have held it closer to her body." This statement provides a good example of...

moral disengagement

According to Freud, a moral conscience is formed during the ____ stage with the emergence of the ____.

phallic; superego

Biologist, Observation of children - Qualitative differences from adultsWho am I?

piaget

Max refuses to pay his income tax because he believes that the government uses taxes for poor purposes. Most notably, he is opposed to the use of tax funds to support war efforts, because he doesn't believe that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. He is willing to go to jail for his belief. Max is BEST classified as being in Kohlberg's ____ level of moral development.

postconventional

Ned tells his son Flanders, "For hitting your brother you need to be disciplined. First, no television for a month. Second, get ready for a spanking." Ned's parenting approach to moral development BEST matches with the parenting style referred to as...

power assertion

Macy really wants the cool new jacket she has just seen in the store but she does have enough money to buy the jacket. For a second she thinks about stealing the jacket but decides that while stealing is not wrong, she might get punished if she is caught. Macy's moral reasoning appears to be at Kohlberg's ____ level.

preconventional

Imaginary companions are most likely to first develop during the ____ stage of development.

preoperational

Four-year-old Jackie often mutters to herself as she builds things with her blocks. Her utterances (e.g., "the blue one goes first") seem to be a running dialogue of her actions that are guiding her behavior. Vygotsky referred to this activity as ____ speech.

private

Caskey doesn't understand why his psychology instructor doesn't just tell the class the correct answer. When asked, his instructor says that there is no single correct answer, it depends on each individual's interpretation. Caskey's difficulty in accepting his professor's answer would indicate that Caskey lacks ____ thinking.

relativistic

The process of mentally "undoing" an action is referred to as..

reversibility

Almost all of Timmy's cognitive structures appear to involve basic behavioral schemas for coordinating sensory input and motor responses (e.g., put hand near object, if object hot then pull hand away from object). Given this description, Timmy is BEST classified as being in Piaget's ____ stage of development.

sensorimotor

Bell is shown a set of jars and is asked to arrange a group of jars from shortest to the tallest. This is a test for..

seriation

Winston sees his brother steal a pack of gum from the drug store and get away with it. The next time Winston goes to the drug store, he steals a pack of gum. According to the ____ perspective on moral development, Pete's behavior is the result of ____.

social learning; observational learning

Franco is enjoying a fine lunch in his high chair. He picks up a handful of spaghetti and stuffs it in his mouth. Next, he picks up two handfuls and shoves them in his ears. The next handful goes in his hair, and the next is casually thrown on the floor. Franco's behavior is MOST typical of infants in the ____ sensorimotor substage.

tertiary circular reactions

Coercive family environments refer to situations where family members..

are locked into power struggles

How is a 4-year-old MOST LIKELY going to describe their sister? A) 'She is pretty.' B) 'She eats corn flakes.' C) 'She is nice.'

B) 'She eats corn flakes.'

Which question BEST reflects the "morality of justice?" A) Does the act break a law? B) Will my act make someone feel bad?C) Should a person in my situation act this way?

A) Does the act break a law?

Which statement BEST describes Piaget's theory on intelligence? A) Intelligence develops as the result of interactions between the biologically-based individual and their interaction with an environment. B) Intelligence is solely the product of biological maturation. C) Intelligence is solely the product of experience.

A) Intelligence develops as the result of interactions between the biologically-based individual and their interaction with an environment.

Which infant behavior BEST demonstrates object permanence? A) crying and reaching for a favorite toy you were playing with after it has been put inside a toy box B) repeatedly swiping at a mobile hanging over the crib C) crying when someone grabs a toy out of your hand

A) crying and reaching for a favorite toy you were playing with after it has been put inside a toy box

Longitudinal studies examining the connection between watching violent TV and aggression have the following limitation(s): The data are inconsistent, not all of them establish a positive relationship They are only correlations They ignore the role of other factors that lead to aggressive behavior All of the above

All of the above

Which conservation skills does a concrete operations thinker possess?

The ability to decenter, and reversibility, and transformational thought

Which of the following is the best description of a schema? a. An organized way of thinking or acting that allows us to interpret our experiences b. A standard way of solving a problem in the fewest possible steps c. Changing our experiences in order to adapt to our environment d. Interpreting new experiences by using previously stored information

a. An organized way of thinking or acting that allows us to interpret our experiences

From first to last, what is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations b. Preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operations, concrete operations c. Sensorimotor, concrete operations, preoperational, formal operations d. Preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations, sensorimotor

a. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Mabel always thought of herself as being incapable when it came to fixing things. She easily developed the habit ofasking her husband, Abel, to do even the simplest "fix-it" tasks, such as changing a light bulb. Then one day Mabelgot a flat tire on a country road. She managed to struggle through the process of changing the tire all on her own.From then on, she felt much more capable, and started to fix more things around the house. This best illustrates a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. disequilibrium. d. fixation

a. accommodation.

According to Piaget, intelligence is the ability to a. adapt to one's environment. b. respond to reinforcement. c. process information. d. score well on IQ tests.

a. adapt to one's environment.

Piaget's intrigue concerning _____ initially spurred his interest in cognitive development. a. age-related mistakes in children's responses b. the relationship between humans and primates c. sex differences in the ability to problem-solve d. brain lateralization research

a. age-related mistakes in children's responses

Sarah Lee is helping her dad Jefferson bake cookies. First, Sarah divides the dough into two equal round piles. Then as she goes to roll her dough she trips, flattens her pile, and begins to cry. Her dad asks her if she's hurt whereupon Sarah tells her dad that she isn't hurt but she's sad because now he has a tall pile with more dough than her. Sarah Lee's response demonstrates.. a. centration b. egocentrism c. relativistic thinking d. seriation

a. centration

Which BEST represents "identity diffusion status"? a) Fred plans to be a teacher because his parents and siblings are all teachers. b) Erica doesn't really know what she wants to be when she "grows up" and couldn't care less about even exploring the possibilities. c) Margo has taken a battery of interest inventories and is exploring different majors at the university, thinking about possibilities for her future career. d) Lee has talked with career counselors, his parents, peers and instructors, and has determined that he is best suited for a career in teaching. He is now doing his student teaching.

b) Erica doesn't really know what she wants to be when she "grows up" and couldn't care less about even exploring the possibilities.

Research has shown that children in preschools with very strong academic orientations tend to be less _____ by the end of their kindergarten year. a) anxious b) creative c) negative toward schooling d) intelligent

b) creative

Which of the following is an example of a symbolic schema? a. Counting the number of holes on a belt b. Pointing a finger and saying "Bang!" c. Sucking on the nipple of a bottle of milk d. Grasping an adult's finger

b. Pointing a finger and saying "Bang!"

Piaget stated that adaptation involves the two major processes of a. accommodation and symbolic thinking. b. assimilation and accommodation. c. assimilation and organization. d. organization and equilibration.

b. assimilation and accommodation.

Ten year old Chester has just been asked, "What is 10 plus 10?" He says, "The answer is 22." How would a researcher best use Piaget's clinical method to followup this response? a. She would ask Chester to count the number of fingers on each hand. b. She would ask Chester to explain how he came up with the answer of "22." c. She would ask Chester to describe any abuse he had endured as a child. d. She would ask Chester to give a blood sample.

b. She would ask Chester to explain how he came up with the answer of "22."

Terminal drop is the name given to a. a low score on an IQ test brought about by the child not feeling well on the day of the test. b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying. c. placing an underachieving child in a special education class. d. a gifted student dropping out of high school and remaining underemployed during his or her adult life.

b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying.

Findings from the Munich Longitudinal Study of the Ontogenesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC) demonstrated that most 12-year-olds a. could not recognize good or bad examples of scientific research nor could they create a good experiment themselves. b. could recognize good or bad examples of scientific research but could not create a good experiment themselves. c. could not recognize good or bad examples of scientific research but could create a good experiment themselves. d. could recognize good or bad examples of scientific research and could create a good experiment themselves.

b. could recognize good or bad examples of scientific research but could not create a good experiment themselves.

When asked to describe himself, John says, "I don't need people, I don't need relationships, I am fine on my own." This attitude best fits with the _____ model of self a. secure b. dismissing c. preoccupied d. fearful

b. dismissing

A study on the development of wisdom in young and elderly women by Staudinger, Smith, and Baltes (2001) found that a. wisdom is quite common in old age. b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age. c. age predicts wisdom. d. life experiences have little to do with the expression of wisdom.

b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age.

Cognition is best defined as the activity of a. sensing energy in the environment. b. knowing and processing through which knowledge is acquired. c. brain maturation. d. unconscious influences.

b. knowing and processing through which knowledge is acquired.

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral schema? a. Using a block to represent a car b. Asking about grandma even when she's not present c. Grasping a block or a bottle of milk d. Calling the dog by the cat's name

c. Grasping a block or a bottle of milk

Which statement best describes the findings on the pattern of IQ change from young adulthood a. though old age generated by cross-sectional studies? b. IQ scores peak in young adulthood (age 20-30) and decline steadily through middle age (40-50) and old age (80-90). c. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates. d. IQ scores remain fairly constant until we die. e. IQ scores increase gradually between young adulthood (age 20-30) and old age (80-90).

c. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates.

A researcher asked students of different ages "What would the world be like if humans had tails?" According to Piaget's theory, which one of the following answers would be most likely from an adolescent in the formal operational stage? a. People don't have tails, so this is a useless exercise. b. I guess they could swing from trees just like the monkeys I saw at the zoo. c. People would be able to hold tails and pass notes under the table while still keeping both hands on the table. d. I wouldn't like having a tail all the time.

c. People would be able to hold tails and pass notes under the table while still keeping both hands on the table.

Formal operational thinking differs from Piaget's other stages in that a formal thinker gains the ability to: a. mentally manipulate objects that they can see b. understand the symbols used in language c. think systematically about abstract concepts d. form mental schemas

c. think systematically about abstract concepts

The self-statement, "Stealing is wrong because I am taking something that I do not deserve" is the BEST example of the ____ component of morality.

cognitive

Piaget is BEST associated with a ____ view of cognitive development.

constructivism

adults are asked to interact iwth an unknown infant. half of the adults are told that the infant is "steve" and the other half are told the infant is "stacy" what are you likely to observe of these interactions? a) At such a young age, there are not likely to be any differences in how adults treat the infant in the two conditions. b) Adults will treat the infant similarly until it begins to act in stereotypical ways, and then there will be differences in the adults' reactions to the infant. c) Adults will be able to detect the real biological sex of the infant, regardless of whether they are told the infant is "Steve" or "Stacy." d) Adults are likely to rate "Steve" as strong and brave and "Stacy" as soft and cuddly.

d) Adults are likely to rate "Steve" as strong and brave and "Stacy" as soft and cuddly.

gender intensification appears to be driven by: a) the desire to be like one's parents b) prenatal hormones and social experiences in infancy c) the need to experience with one's gender role d) hormonal changes at puberty and peer pressure to conform to gender roles

d) hormonal changes at puberty and peer pressure to conform to gender roles

the period of experimenting with different roles that is so common during adolescence is referred to as the ___period? a) foreclosure b) joint attention c temperament d) moratorium

d) moratorium

Which of Gibson s statements indicates that he is engaging in hypothetical deductive reasoning? a. "I can still hear the sound of that guitar after the string has been strummed." b. "A guitar is just a larger version of a mandolin." c. "I bet that my guitar looks exactly like the one you have." d. "If the length of a guitar string matters, then a short string should produce a different sound than a long string."

d. "If the length of a guitar string matters, then a short string should produce a different sound than a long string."

What cognitive skill acquisition is best associated with adolescents who are able to effectively resolve identityissues? a. Object permanence b. Memory rehearsal c. Postconventional thinking d. Formal operational thought

d. Formal operational thought

Which of the following accomplishments is typically the LAST to occur? a. Recognition of self-image in the mirror b. Engaging in joint attention with an adult c. Recognition of self as physically distinct from others d. The influence of social feedback on the sense of self

d. The influence of social feedback on the sense of self

Piaget's clinical method involves a. uncovering unconscious motives for behavior. b. presenting standardized questions to all children tested. c. observing children in their natural environment. d. a flexible question-and-answer technique.

d. a flexible question-and-answer technique.

9. While normally calm, 10-year-old Gretta becomes very shy and highly distressed when she is in an unfamiliar setting with people she does not know. Gretta would best be categorized as a. extraverted. b. conscientious. c. open to new experiences. d. behaviorally inhibited

d. behaviorally inhibited

One key difference between formal operational thought and concrete operational thought is that formal operational thinkers show more a. centration. b. can apply thoughts to real objects. c. can solve conservation tasks. d. can think about hypotheticals.

d. can think about hypotheticals.

Almost all of Timmy's cognitive structures appear to involve basic behavioral schemas for coordinating sensoryinput and motor responses (e.g., put hand near object, if object is hot, then pull hand away from object). Given thisdescription, Timmy is best classified as being in Piaget's _____ stage of development .a. formal operations b. preoperational c. concrete operations d. sensorimotor

d. sensorimotor

Belle is excited when she receives a telephone call from her grandmother on her birthday. When Belle's grandmother asks Belle how old she is, Belle holds up 3 fingers in front of the phone. Belle's belief that because she can see her fingers, so can her grandmother, reflects the Piagetian concept of...

egocentrism