PSY 422-Test 3 (Unit 7-9)

Which of the following resulted from standards-based reform? A) Educators could not agree on the body of knowledge and skills that comprised what high school graduates should know and be able to do. B) Far larger numbers of students did, in fact, acquire the knowledge and capabilities assessed on standardized graduation examinations. C) Minority adolescents were nine times more likely than majority students to fail standardized examinations. D) Female adolescents were four times more likely than male students to fail standardized examinations.

A) Educators could not agree on the body of knowledge and skills that comprised what high school graduates should know and be able to do.

Which has a greater effect on students' scholastic achievement: school size or class size? A) school size B) class size C) Both are equally important. D) Neither significantly affects student achievement.

A) school size

Which of the following statements about extracurricular participation is true? A. Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay highly involved throughout high school. B. Though popular activities are likely to remain popular during all four years of high school, the specific participants who choose to become involved in these activities is likely to undergo frequent changes. C. Students who are uninvolved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to become highly involved by the end of high school. D. Extracurricular overscheduling of youth creates pressures that compromise adolescents' mental health.

A. Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay highly involved throughout high school.

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does competence mean? A. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas B. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy C. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges D. respect for societal and cultural rules

A. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

Which of the following is not one of the 10 Basic Principles of Good Parenting? A. being too loving is too indulgent B. be involved in your child's life C. avoid harsh discipline D. adapt your parenting to fit your child

A. being too loving is too indulgent

According to a national survey, how many students in American public schools have been victims of violence? A) 1 out of 2 B) 1 out of 4 C) 1 out of 20 D) 1 out of 40

B) 1 out of 4

Which statement concerning parent-adolescent conflict is true? A) Ethnic minority adolescents are more likely than White adolescents to experience conflict with their parents. B) Ethnic minority adolescents are less likely than White adolescents to experience conflict with their parents. C) Adolescents and their parents do not tend to conflict over everyday issues, such as chores. D) Less conflict resulting from the generation gap is seen outside the United States.

B) Ethnic minority adolescents are less likely than White adolescents to experience conflict with their parents.

George and Ryan both live in different single-parent households. George is considered a well behaved adolescent, but Ryan frequently engages in delinquent behavior. Which of the following statements about George and Ryan is most likely to be true? A) Ryan has a strong relationship with his grandparents; George does not. B) George has a strong relationship with his grandparents; Ryan does not. C) George lives with his father; Ryan lives with his mother. D) Ryan lives with his father; George lives with his mother.

B) George has a strong relationship with his grandparents; Ryan does not.

Amy, a social reformer in the early twentieth century, would have likely considered which of the following to be a good reason to push for secondary education? A) It is a way to improve life circumstances for the upper classes. B) It is effective in reducing crime by keeping youngsters off the streets. C) It is a way to help immigrants maintain their separate and diverse cultures. D) It is effective in preventing the United States from industrializing too quickly.

B) It is effective in reducing crime by keeping youngsters off the streets.

Growing up, Tinashe's parents had a lot of marital conflict and divorced when she was 13. Tinashe is more likely to develop depression, aggression, or delinquency if she was also exposed to which of the following? A) authoritative parenting B) domestic violence C) remarriage D) shared environmental influences

B) domestic violence

Some educational psychologists argue that the difficulty adolescents experience in the transition to junior high school is a result of the A) increased pressure from parents to succeed. B) teachers' beliefs about junior high students. C) students' beliefs about junior high teachers. D) increased class size.

B) teachers' beliefs about junior high students.

Which of the following statements about family conflict is true? A. Family problems are more likely to occur during adolescence than in other developmental periods. B. Among those teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood. C. Adolescents frequently report declines in the quality of family interactions. D. A large percentage of families who have positive relations during childhood develop serious problems during adolescence.

B. Among those teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood.

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs about the world? A. uses and gratifications approach B. cultivation theory C. media practice model D. routine activity theory

B. cultivation theory

Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that A. these messages have a strong impact on adolescents' behavior. B. repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs. C. although the messages may be somewhat negative, they tend to be relatively accurate. D. although their attitudes may differ, adolescents and adults have similar interpretations of these messages.

B. repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs.

Annie is an adolescent enrolled in Mr. Love's science class. Annie will most likely do best in class when Mr. Love: A. spends a high proportion of time setting up fancy equipment. B. spends a high proportion of time teaching lessons. C. spends a high proportion of time confronting and dealing with disciplinary actions. D. restricts praise to times when students perform exceptionally well.

B. spends a high proportion of time teaching lessons

What has research on the exposure of adolescents to violent imagery on TV found? A. There is no correlation between violent imagery on TV and aggressive behavior in adolescents. B. Exposure to violent imagery on TV is linked to heightened sensitization to the effects of violence. C. Exposure to TV violence in childhood is linked to aggressive behavior in adolescence. D. TV exposure to violence has a greater influence on adolescents than family or community experiences.

C. Exposure to TV violence in childhood is linked to aggressive behavior in adolescence.

Many studies find that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are _____ among teenage workers than nonworkers, especially among students who _____. A. lower; choose not to work at all B. higher; also participate in athletics C. higher; choose to work long hours D. higher; are involved in two or more extracurricular activities

C. higher; choose to work long hours

Today's teenagers spend the most hours: A. on schoolwork. B. with members of their families. C. on leisure activities. D. working.

C. on leisure activities.

Approximately how many of today's high school students will have worked in an after-school job before graduating? A. 1 in 4 B. half C. less than 10% D. more than half

D. more than half

In the United States today, what percentage of individuals between the ages of 14 and 17 are in school? A) 60% B) 75% C) 90% D) Close to 100%

D) Close to 100%

Which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is true? A) The divorce rate has been steadily rising since 1980. B) Black youth are more likely to experience their parents' remarriage than other adolescents. C) The rate of divorce is lower for second marriages than for first marriages. D) Social support from relatives buffers the effects of living in a single-parent household.

D) Social support from relatives buffers the effects of living in a single-parent household.

According to research, what are the signs that a student will commit an act of lethal violence? A) Depression, frequent absences, and disengagement are the most common signs. B) Isolation and rage are the most important signs. C) Impulsivity and technical know-how are the most common signs. D) The tendency toward lethal violence is almost impossible to detect in adolescents.

D) The tendency toward lethal violence is almost impossible to detect in adolescents.

Viktor feels like his parents do not care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Viktor's parents would be described best as fitting into which of Baumrind's parenting styles? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent

D) indifferent

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called A) mainstreaming. B) desegregation. C) acceleration. D) tracking.

D) tracking.

Close to ____ of children in the United States grow up either in abject poverty or in low-income families. A. 15% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%

D. 40%

Which of the following statements concerning sibling relationships is false? A. The quality of sibling relationships affects adolescents' peer relationships. B. The quality of sibling relationships affects the adolescents' general adjustment. C. Positive sibling relationships contribute to an adolescent's school competence and sociability. D. Siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent families.

D. Siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent families.

According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development? A. Working helps adolescents develop a sense of responsibility and prepares them for the transition to adulthood. B. Working interferes with other activities, such as school. C. Working promotes the development of undesirable behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use. D. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on the nature of the job.

D. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on the nature of the job.

Samantha attends a public school that has a great deal of freedom to set its own curriculum. This type of school is referred to as what in your textbook? A. public school B. private school C. parochial school D. charter school

D. charter school

Kent has been involved in minor delinquent behavior. In order to curb this type of behavior, Kent's parents should: A. encourage Kent to get a full-time job. B. encourage Kent to get a part-time job. C. enroll Kent in a larger school. D. enroll Kent in a school-sponsored extracurricular activity.

D. enroll Kent in a school-sponsored extracurricular activity.

After midlife, parents are more likely to think about the future in terms of: A. how much time they have been alive. B. how much time their children have been alive. C. how much time until their children die. D. how much time they have left to live themselves.

D. how much time they have left to live themselves.