Psy Ch.1-4 quizzes

The oval window transmits vibrations into the inner ear, the bony tube called the__________.

Coachlea

Peter went out cycling one morning. He was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, Peter severely injured his head. The doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of Peter's brain for further investigation?

Computerized axial tomography

Modern hypnosis evolves from the ideas of _____.

Franz Mesmer

_____ is a monocular cue for depth based on the coming together of parallel lines as they recede into the distance.

perspective

Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?

phenotype

In the context of pain, which of the following statements is true?

Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed.

__________has been characterized as research for its own sake.

Pure research

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a _____.

selection factor

As part of a study in auditory perception, students were made to listen to a low-volume music track. When they first put on their headphones, they almost couldn't hear anything. But as they became more attentive, the sound gradually became clearer. This is an example of _____.

sensitization

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in__________.

sensorineural deafness

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

serotonin

Frightening, dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are known as__________.

sleep terrors

Identify a true statement about forensic psychologists.

They deal with legal matters and evaluate eyewitness testimonies.

Which of the following is true of feature detectors?

They refer to neurons that fire in response to specific features of sensory stimuli.

What is the purpose of a split-brain operation?

To confine epileptic seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This occurrence is known as the__________.

all or none principle

__________are rapid, low-amplitude brain waves that have been linked to feelings of relaxation.

alpha waves

Some lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) users have__________, which are distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD "trip" but occur days, weeks, or longer after usage.

flashbacks

Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to:

focus on the present

__________may treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes.

forensic psychologists

When following the scientific method, psychologists usually begin a study by:

formulating a research question.

Within the eye, visual acuity is greatest at the__________.

fovea

Which of the following is an example of a nonconscious process?

growing hair

A(n) _____ primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work.

industrial psychologists

In the context of behaviorism, observable behaviors are considered public behaviors because:

they can be measured easily and different observers would agree about their existence and features.

Which of the following statements is true of amphetamines?

they provide a euphoric rush when consumed in high doses.

In positron emission tomography, to track the metabolism of glucose, a radioactive compound called a(n) _____ is mixed with glucose and injected into the bloodstream

tracer

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

true

Case studies are subject to inaccuracies.

true

Physicians frequently prescribe stimulants in an effort to help hyperactive children control their behavior.

true

In psychodynamic theory, the term _____ is descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness.

unconscious

__________relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50 percent.

1st degree

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

Behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes.

What similarity did Wilhelm Wundt share with Aristotle?

Both saw the mind as a natural event that could be studied scientifically, like light and heat.

_____ refers to the perception of objects that do not stimulate the known sensory organs.

Clairvoyance

__________are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in college, but not serious psychological disorders.

Counseling psychologists

_____ specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion.

Experimental psychologists

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?

It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is fou

Which of the following statements best defines meditation?

It refers to various ways of focusing one's consciousness to alter one's relationship to the world

Which of these is a function of prolactin?

It regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals.

Which of the following is true of the humanistic-existential perspective?

It views people as free to choose and as being responsible for choosing their own behavior.

Which of the following techniques relies on subtle shifts in blood flow to create a brain scan?

Magnetic resonance imagin

Which of the following is a defining feature of psychoanalysis?

The emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts

In the context of auditory perception, which of the following statements is true?

The frequency theory appears to account only for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second.

A neuron has a(n) _____ that extends like a trunk from the cell body.

axon

Thyroxin deficiency in children can lead to__________, which is a condition characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation.

cretinism

The measured results, or outcomes, in an experiment are called__________.

dependent variables

The knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs is known as _____.

direct inner awareness

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of _____.

dopamine

The _____ is a thin membrane inside the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves

eardrum

Biofeedback training (BFT) increases stress, tension, and anxiety in people.

false

Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.

false

Genetic components do not contribute to an individual's sensitivity to basic tastes.

false

In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.

false

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which the air passages are obstructed.

false

Neurons carry messages from the axon terminals through the axon to the dendrites.

false

Psychophysicist Ernst Weber discovered that the threshold for perceiving differences in the intensity of light is about 10 percent of their intensity.

false

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and deep sleep hinder learning and memory.

false

The pineal gland secretes prolactin.

false

Top-down processing involves the organization of the parts of a pattern to recognize, or form an image of, the pattern they compose.

false

Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her _____.

hippocampus

Stewart is a chain smoker and a nicotine addict. Due to excessive cigarette smoking, he has developed lung cancer. In this scenario, which of the following chemical compounds is likely to have caused lung cancer?

hydrocarbons

A(n)__________is a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation.

instinct

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?

it dilates blood vessels

Which of the following statements is true of hue?

it is determined by the wavelength of visible light.

The__________adjusts or accommodates to an image by changing its thickness.

lens

Which of the following is an altered state of consciousness?

meditation

The__________is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration.

medulla

__________is best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as distinguished from a variation that results from generations of gradual selection.

mutation

Opiates are a group of__________derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system.

narcotics

With__________, psychologists and other scientists can observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."

naturalistic observation

When Anna moved to her new apartment, she found it very difficult to sleep because of the traffic noise in the neighborhood. However, she gradually became accustomed to the sound of the vehicles as days progressed, and now the noise outside no longer disturbs her sleep. This scenario illustrates an instance of _____.

negative adaptation

Which of the following substances is classified as a barbiturate?

nembutal

__________are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit messages

neurons

In the context of altering consciousness through drugs,__________is a problem characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

substance use disorder

The hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _____ lobe along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex.

temporal

Andy is a professional skydiver. During his freefall, he is able to automatically sense his body's position in relation to the earth's gravity without really having to look around him. This allows him to adjust his position appropriately during his fall to regulate his momentum. The sense that is illustrated in this scenario is the _____.

vestibular sense

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that stimulates the eye and produces visual sensations is known as _____.

visible light

In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire?

when skin temp increases

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, psychologists may use deception in their experiments:

when the participants are debriefed afterward.