PSY Chapter 11

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the

5 factor model_

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

Autonomy vs shame

Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ___________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.

B.F. Skinner

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

Generativity vs stagnation

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?

Hans and Sybil Eysneck

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test

In which people are presented with ambiguous images

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

Latency

The _________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

MMPI

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the

Myers-Briggs Type indicator

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Fredians reduced the emphasis on sex

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational contex all influence each other

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

The _________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmond Freud

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has

an external locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned:

beliefs and expectations

According to Galen, the __________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar

congruence

The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.

ectomorph

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions:

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an)

extrovert

describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has

high self-efficiancy

As the "third force" in psychology, __________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

A(an) ___________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an)

introvert

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is

self-actualization

Self-efficacy is

someone's level of confidence in their own abilities

theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait