Psy chapter 13-16
Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?
anxiety disorder
What is job analysis?
describing the task accurately
Why is age a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for airline pilots?
Mandatory retirement ages exist for safety reasons.
What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?
Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?
No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.
Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
The immune system is weakened.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In human factors psychology, the area of cognitive engineering includes the study of vigilance and monitoring, recognizing signals in noise, mental resources, and divided attention
The phrase "cognitive engineering" should be changed to the word "attention."
Addiction is often viewed as a fleeting disease.
false
In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?
knowledge, skills, abilities
Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.
optimism
Nicole experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Nicole suffers from a(n) ________.
phobia
Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________.
work-family balance
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In high-stress humans, exercise has been shown to prevent telomere lengthening.
The word "lengthening" should be changed to the word "shortening."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Using time and motion studies, Lillian and Frank Gilbreth tried to make workers more efficient by reducing the number of people required to perform a task.
The word "people" should be changed to the word "motions."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.
The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.
Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative physiological impact.
True
What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?
Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style.
Joffrey is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Joffrey suffers from psychomotor________.
agitation
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Kant worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Kant probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.
health
Rosetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?
hostile environment
Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?
humanistic therapy
What was the main idea behind Frederick Taylor's work on the scientific approach to management?
if one could redesign the workplace there would be an increase in both company output and worker wages.
According to the research of Lillian Gilbreth, many employees were motivated by money and ________.
job satisfaction
Mark makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
overgeneralization
What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?
Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
Statistics show that ________% of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.
26
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor
Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.
Which of the following exemplifies the Hawthorne effect?
Cancer patients volunteer for an experimental treatment and report improved mood to the researchers during the first few days of the treatment.
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.
Cole talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Cole is experiencing psychomotor disorder.
False
Ted conducts a study regarding how walking on a treadmill instead of sitting at a desk impacts worker productivity. Ted's study is within the industrial-organizational specialty area of organizational psychology.
False
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?
In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.
According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting job performance?
Interviews that are structured.
Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?
It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.
Which of the following is not a reason that mentoring is particularly important to the career success of women
It provides a male authority figure for women
Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?
Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths.
Janice was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?
Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective
How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function?
Stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research has suggested that the workload factor, which includes variety, difficulty level, and role clarity of the job, is the most predictive factor of overall job satisfaction.
The word "workload" should be changed to the phrase "work-content.
Lexi tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Lexi is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
active listening
Phyllis is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Phyllis's personality?
avoidant personality disorder
Line's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
behavior therapy
_______ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders
biological; psychological
Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.
body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it
Laura cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Laura wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?
borderline personality disorder
Industrial-organizational psychologists work in four main contexts: academia, government, consulting, and ________.
business
Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.
challenge; threat
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.
client's personal goals
Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
cognitive
In order to overcome an eating disorder, Elena's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.
demanding or threatening event or situation
Nathan allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?
dependent personality disorder
Ehab is a high school science teacher. He recently received a Teacher of the Year award for his district, but he believes he only received it because no one else bothered to apply for it. He is a popular teacher, but he is convinced the students only pretend to like him so they will get better grades. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
diminished personal accomplishment
What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.
disorganized thinking
Miguel spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Miguel's major depressive disorder is ________?
episodic
In Europe, what is human factors psychology called? ________
ergonomics
Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence?
feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully
Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.
flow
Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________
how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work
Diana is assessing applicants for a pilot job at a regional airfield. She wrote the description of the ideal candidate, and now she is reviewing the personality profiles of the applicants to screen those who do not fit the profile. Diana is working in the specialty area of industrial-organizational psychology called ________ psychology.
industrial
Grace is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
involuntary
Jarl is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Jarl immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.
less stress than someone who has no effective options
Cordelia is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Cordelia is experiencing ________.
mania
Lovell has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Lovell's personality?
narcissistic personality disorder
Jerry is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jerry is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
If Veena has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
Sevilla is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Sevilla interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.
posttraumatic stress disorder
A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.
psycho-educational treatment
Lena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
psychodynamic psychotherapy
Ashaela is Black, and she is attending a college with a predominately White population. She is the only Black student in several of her classes; last week in her psychology class, another student muttered a racist slur as she passed Ashaela's desk. Ashaela is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the ________ strategy for coping with racism.
racial identity
Apollonia's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Apollonia living with?
schizophrenia borderline personality disorder major depressive disorder anxiety disorder
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.
significantly elevated rates of heart disease
Halima is excellent at organizing events, but she is weak in delivering the opening address. She decides to focus on what she is good at and delegate the opening address to her immediate subordinate who excels in public speaking. Halima is practicing ________.
strengths-based management
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth
Which of the following is an example of eustress?
training for a marathon
Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?
transformational
Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of social support.
true
As a result of its interest in worker well-being and relationships, organizational psychology includes the study of sexual harassment.
true
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure.
true
Meshi, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Meshi has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Meshi is experiencing a posttraumatic stress disorder.
true
Gabel cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Gabel agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.
Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?
you can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.