Psy Chapter 2 Test

______________ allow us to determine how likely it is that two or more samples came from the same population.

Inferential statistics

In correlational designs, the basic question is:

Is X related to Y?

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Margaret says, "I am going to hate this party!" and then has a bad time at the party because she refuses to interact with anyone.

Which of the following is ethically permissible while conducting research on humans?

Not informing the participants of the research hypothesis

Which of the following is true of human observation?

Our senses can be fooled with relative ease because of which our observations can lead us astray.

Dr. Singh, a scientist, wants to study how anxiety affects adolescents. For this purpose, he measures the electrical changes in their heart rates, their sweating and respiration patterns, as well as the hormonal changes in their blood. Which psychological measure has been used by Dr. Singh in this scenario?

Physiological measures

Dr. Ahmed calculated a +0.87 correlation coefficient between the number of days students attended their classes for the semester and their final exam scores. What can he interpret from this finding?

Students who attended classes regularly performed well in exams.

Which of the following is true about theories?

Theories organize and explain what we have observed

Few of the patients undergoing treatment for phobic disorder agree to participate in a clinical trial of a new antidepressant medication. The patients are randomly divided into two groups. Both groups receive pills to be taken on a daily basis, but only one of the groups receives pills with the newly produced active ingredients. The other group's pills contain no active ingredients. In this study, the group that receives the pills that do not contain the active ingredients is called the _________.

control group

In a descriptive research design, a researcher will:

define a problem and variable of interest.

Practitioners of pseudoscience:

do not challenge or question their own assumptions.

The major limitation of the correlational approach is that it:

does not establish whether one variable actually causes the other or vice versa.

The first step in obtaining a sample is for the researchers to decide the makeup of the ____________ in which they are interested.

group

A ____________ is a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.

hypothesis

Debriefing is the process of:

informing and explaining the exact purposes of a study following data collection.

Institutions conducting research should evaluate every proposed study's beneficence, which is:

minimizing costs for participants and maximizing benefits.

In a naturalistic observation, a researcher:

observes and records behavior in the real world.

One of the pitfalls of collection data via large-scale interviews and surveys is that:

one can get biased responses

An area of psychology called ____________ examines in detail the lives of historically important people and provides an example of the richness and value of case studies and studying individual lives over time.

psychobiography

A(n) ____________ design can be defined as a research method that makes use of naturally occurring groups rather than randomly assigning subjects to groups.

quasi-experimental

A theory is defined as a:

set of related assumptions from which testable predictions can be made.

A representative sample is a:

subset of a population that truly reflects the characteristics of that population.

Researchers design a study in which neither the participants nor the investigators interacting with them know whether the participants have been assigned to a control group or to an experimental group because:

the experimenters' expectancies might influence the participants' behavior.

Correlation coefficients tell us whether two variables (e.g., X and Y) relate to each other and that they range between -1.00 and +1.00. Coefficients near 0.00 are an indication of:

the lack of any relationship between variables X and Y.

Identify an accurate statement about scientific theories

they are not facts