PSY Chapter 5
motor skills involve the coordination of the actions of many smaller muscles, along with information from the eyes, in the service of some task, for example turning knobs or fastening buttons.
Fine
In Bowlby's research with infants and primates, he noted that they both went through a clear sequence of reactions-from protest, to despair, to
detachment
motor skills consist of holding a crayon, or putting together a puzzle.
fine
The _______ stage is the first prenatal stage, which begins at conception and lasts the first two weeks.
germinal
The rapid and innate learning of the caregivers' characteristics is considered ________ in some animals, especially birds.
imprinting
What is the process by which non-human newborn animals come to recognize the first moving object they see as their primary caregiver?
imprinting
A child with _____ attachment shows odd, conflicted behaviors in the strange situation. These children may be frightened or scared.
insecure-disorganized
An _____ infant cannot be comforted by the caregiver on reunion and shows difficulty in returning to play.
insecure-resistant
Children's social environment expands from attachment to primary caregiver to play with
other children.
The _______ ___________ procedure was designed to assess the quality of attachment between an infant and his or her primary caregiver.
Blank 1: strange Blank 2: situation
stage is the second stage of cognitive development where symbolic thoughts emerge.
Preoperational
The principle of _____ is the knowledge that the quantity of a substance does not change just because it is arranged differently (e.g., in a different container).
Conservation
When Maggie is able to recognize the volume or other measurements remain the same even when an object's shape or size changes, Maggie has established
Conservation
is the recognition that volume or other measurement remains the same when an object's shape or size changes.
Conservation
Dementia has which of the following characteristics?
Difficulty in the use of language Loss of mental function, problem solving, and use language
is a concept that is defined by not being able to see others' perspective other than one's own.
Egocentrism
competence is the ability to control self expressions and know when it is appropriate to display certain self expressions.
Emotional
Sara, a securely attached child, is busy playing with other children. When her mother walks into the room,what will she likely do?
Greet her mom and continue to play.
What person, more than any other, is associated with the study of cognitive development in children?
Jean Piaget
The person responsible for the most well-known account of moral development is Lawrence
Kohlberg
Who is the person responsible for the most well-known account of moral development?
Kohlberg
migration is the process in pregnancy by which neurons move from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent destination.
Neural
Jean _________ is the most influential theorist who studied cognitive development.
Piaget
________ stage is the second stage of cognitive development where symbolic thoughts emerge.
Preoperational
According to John Bowlby, what is the major function of becoming emotionally attached to caregivers and emotionally distressing when separate from them?
Protect infants from predation and other threats to survival
is the period when sexual maturation begins.
Puberty
Which of the following behavior patterns, exhibited in the Ainsworth strange situation, is most likely that of an avoidantly attached child?
The child does not exhibit distress when the mother leaves the room and does not go toward her when she returns.
Identity vs identity confusion is the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs during
adolescence
the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is called
adolescence.
The _______ theory is described as a strong emotional connection that develops early in life between infants and their caregiver.
attachment
More myelinated axons, synaptic pruning reaches its final stages and neural synchrony occurs in the
brain
Regardless of whether a baby monkey nursed from the cloth mother or the wire mother, it spent most of its time with the ______ one.
cloth
Emotional _____ is the ability to control emotions and know when it is appropriate to express certain emotions.
competence
The germinal stage begins at ___________ and lasts the first two weeks.
conception
An insecure-avoidant infant often shows little to no ________ in separation episodes.
distress
Fine motor skill development in children is displayed in five year olds' ability to
dress themselves. print letters. use silverware.
There are typically three categories of temperaments in children, slow to warm up, difficult, and ______ child.
easy
There are typically three categories of temperaments in children, slow to warm up, difficult, and __________ child.
easy
Select all of the general categories of temperament in children:
easy child slow-to-warm child difficult child
The tendency to view the world only from one's own perspective is
egocentrism.
Attachment theory is a strong ___________ connection to a child and their caregiver.
emotional
prenatal programming is the process of
events in the womb altering the development of physical and psychological health.
Children who can coordinate of the actions of many smaller muscles, along with information from the eyes, in the service of some task, for example turning knobs or fastening buttons are using their
fine motor skills.
When interacting with peers, children usually play with others of the same
gender or sex
The _____ stage is the first prenatal stage, which begins at conception and lasts the first two weeks.
germinal
The process of how genotype becomes phenotype, and therefore, how we change and remain the same over the course of a lifetime is called
human development
The study of change and continuity in an individual across the life span is called
human development
A child with _____ attachment cannot be comforted by the mother on reunion and shows difficulty in returning to play.
insecure-resistant
Identify all of the major brain changes that occur throughout adolescence.
more myelinated axons neural synchrony synaptic pruning reaches the final stages
The term ________ permanence refers to the newly acquired cognitive advancement when a child knows that items still exist even when he or she does not see the items.
object
Amy's mom takes her doll and puts it under the blanket, Amy used to cry because she thought the doll was gone. Later Amy knew that the doll was still there under the blanket even though she could not see the doll. This would be an example of which cognitive advancement?
object permanence
The group of people who share equal standing or status and are at the same level in terms of age, gender are often referred to as
peers
What are the group of people who share equal standing or status and usually at the same level in terms of age, and gender?
peers
What is the process called when events in the womb alter the development of physical and psychological health?
prenatal programming
_________ __________ is the process by which events in the womb alter the development of physical and psychological health.
prenatal programming
Nature's way of making the brain more efficient is a process called
pruning
A child that is ____ will gradually explore new situations when a caregiver leaves, and will initiate contact when the caregiver returns.
securely attached
The ________ stage of cognitive development occurs when infants use their senses and move their bodies to understand the world.
sensorimotor
Which Piaget stage involves infants learning their world, from their eyes, ears, and mouth?
sensorimotor
is the degradation of synapses and dying off of neurons that are not strengthened by experience.
synaptic pruning
_______ begins before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in particular ways from very early in life.
temperament
_________ begins before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in particular ways from very early in life.
temperament
begins before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in particular ways from very early in life.
temperament
The strange situation procedure was designed to assess
the quality of attachment between infant and caregiver.
A primary reason why infants must internalize the bonding relationship is so _______.
they have a model for future friendships and love relationships
reflects who a person is attracted to.
Blank 1: Sexual Blank 2: orientation
By what age are children able to hold objects?
Four months
By ________ months, most children start taking their first steps.
12
Children begin to interact socially during play around age _____.
3 years
Neural migration occurs during __-___ months of the fetal stage.
3-5
By ________ months, children can sit by themselves, without any help.
6
Separation anxiety typically occurs around _________ months of age.
9
_________ __________ is the process during months 3-5 of pregnancy by which neurons move from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent home.
Blank 1: Neural Blank 2: migration
is the process during months 3-5 of pregnancy by which neurons move from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent home.
Blank 1: Neural Blank 2: migration
is the distress reaction shown by babies when they are separated from their primary caregiver (typically shown at around 9 months of age).
Blank 1: Separation Blank 2: anxiety
True or false: Temperament develops before birth.
TRUE: Temperament begins before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in particular ways from very early in life.
Which of the following behavior patterns, exhibited in the strange situation task, is most likely that of a child with insecure-resistant attachment?
The child is anxious before and after the mother leaves the room and displays mixed reactions to her upon the mother's return.
What did Harry Harlow's study on infant monkeys demonstrate?
The importance of a mother providing warmth
What does it mean that the caregiver must create a secure base for the child?
The infant needs to know that the caregiver is accessible and dependable to explore the world with confidence.
True or false: According to Erikson, identity versus identity confusion is the stage of personality that involves testing and trying on new roles.
True
