PSY101 Final Exam

Medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

Antisocial

Harold has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Harold would MOST likely be diagnosed as having _____ personality disorder.

Less obesity

Individuals who have an internal locus of control generally have:

Split from reality

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a:

Normative social influence

Javier has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates his teachers because of his actions. Rather than work to succeed, he tends to dumb down to act more like the students with whom he hangs out. He has at times answered questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, in order to be more like his friends. Javier's behavior is an example of:

Self-injury is an attempt at coping

The significant difference between suicidal behavior and self-injury is:

20

The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) begin to appear at a median age of about:

10

The symptoms of phobias begin to appear at a median age of about:

Amygdala

The textbook suggests that people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a more sensitive emotion-processing limbic system than other people do. Based on this information, the function of the _____ may be different among people with PTSD than among other people.

Psychotic

Schizophrenia is an example of a(n) _____ disorder.

Alarm

Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will likely be experiencing the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher, who does his research in the United States. Which reason might account for this difference?

Social

Dr. Perez is studying prejudice and discrimination. She is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

biopsychosocial

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____ model.

Scapegoat

Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____ theory.

Subjective well-being

Hillary rates her satisfaction with her life as an 8 out of 10. This score refers to her:

1.1

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from schizophrenia in 2015 was:

More likely to treat women in a punitive manner.

After watching violent pornographic movies on late-night cable television, Myron will probably be:

Loss of a loved one

All of these can help slow down the progression of AIDS in an HIV-positive person EXCEPT:

Individualist; East Asian

In _____ cultures, people are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error, while in _____ cultures, they are less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.

Psychological

In a _____ disorder, a person exhibits a disturbance in thought, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Depressive or bipolar disorder

In any given year, the MOST common type of psychological disorder in the United States is:

is much higher than average

Marcus' twin brother and maternal grandmother both have previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus' risk for developing schizophrenia:

Social-responsibility

Marla is at a physician's office waiting in the waiting area for her name to be called. She notices that an elderly woman is struggling physically to complete the new patient forms. Marla asks the elderly woman if she would like assistance and then proceeds to complete the forms for her. This BEST demonstrates:

Delusion

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is demonstrating a false belief called a(n) _____.

Attacking diseased cells; destroying worn-out cells

NK cells are to macrophages as _____ is to _____.

Relative Deprivation

Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept of:

Asperger syndrome

New diagnostic labels in the DSM-5 do not include:

Display desensitization to violent images, as shown by blunted brain responses on an fMRI.

Nineteen-year-old Tom has spent five hours a day playing violent video games since he was eight years old. According to research on the effects of violent video game usage, one can predict that Tom will MOST likely:

Anorexia nervosa

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate and weighing food. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of:

One is made to feel secure

Researchers find that conformity to a group increases when all these occur EXCEPT that:

10

Roughly speaking, just over _____ percent of 4- to 17-year-olds are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

More likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers.

Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Sandy was:

The chameleon effect

Sherelle is with three of her friends at a restaurant. One of her friends yawns, then another friend, and then Sherelle. She has just experienced:

Attribution; conformity

Social thinking is to social influence as _____ is to _____.

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

When people feel happy they are more likely to be helpful. This is:

Normative social influence

_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

A fight-or-flight response.

Julia is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. Her increased heart rate and respiration can BEST be explained as:

Deindividuation

Some people lose self-awareness and self-restraint during a large sporting event or mob action. This is known as:

Social anxiety

Sufferers of _____ disorder avoid settings where others might judge them because of the fear that they may be negatively evaluated.

Blood flows to her muscles

Sydney is on her way to a meeting with her boss. In response to this anxiety-provoking situation, her:

8.7

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2015 was:

1.0

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2015 was:

Major depressive

_____ disorder consists of a prolonged state of hopeless sadness.

Obsessive-compulsive

_____ disorder is characterized by a person having repetitive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.

Blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles.

Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to this threat:

Peripheral

Celebrity endorsements represent one way to influence an audience via _____ route persuasion.

Optimism

Chronic stress is NOT associated with:

More than 5

The results of a large study described in the textbook suggest that workplace stress increases the risk of colon cancer by a factor of:

5

The risk of suicide is _____ times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have not

Agoraphobia

Worry that a panic attack might occur can result in an individual avoiding places. This can lead to a condition called _____.

Stress

The process of appraising an event as threatening is called:

Positively

Among a sample of Holocaust survivors, self-disclosure concerning their experiences was _____ associated with their physical health later on.

Biopsychosocial

A former major-league football player is convicted of a violent crime against another person. An expert testifies in his defense that the player's crime stemmed from a degenerative brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. CTE is brought on by the repeated head injury experienced by many football players. With respect to the _____ model, CTE reflects a biological influence on aggression.

Attribution

A student's statement that his professor gave him a bad grade because she does not like him is a(n):

Four

About one out of every _____ people diagnosed with depression is simply struggling with the emotional impact of a significant loss.

Birds of a feather flock together

According to research on factors that determine the likelihood that two people will become friends, which adage is MOST accurate?

1, experiencing an alarm reaction

Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase:

A Biopsychosocial approach

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This BEST illustrates the need for what model?

Less; but at least as

As compared with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is _____ common _____ dysfunctional.

Worse

As compared with the face, the body is a(n) _____ predictor of attractiveness ratings.

Major depressive disorder

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from:

Socioeconomic status

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

Medical

Helena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Helena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

Frontal lobes

In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, researchers compared the brain scans of murderers' brains to the brains of nonmurderers of the same age and sex. The study reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____, a brain area that helps with impulse control.

Bulimia

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

Health

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Obsessive-compulsive

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

Exhaustion

One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

Turn a normal temper tantrum into a mental disorder

One potential fear of the new classification of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is that it will:

Bipolar

The police brought Corinne to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Corinne was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Corinne would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Corinne is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

Philippe Pinel

insisted that madness is not demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions; sought to reform brutal treatment by promoting new understanding of nature of mental disorders

Building social support; aerobic exercise

Based on the textbook's discussion, _____ may help people better manage stress, whereas _____ may help them experience less stress in the first place.

Bill's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased.

Bill was a very aggressive and violent youth. He often got into fistfights with the other boys and was even charged with assault when he was in his mid-twenties. Bill is now 65 years old and it takes a lot to make him angry. Why is this the case?

Companionate love

Clay and Margaret have been married for over 50 years. They are MOST likely experiencing:

Asch; Milgram

Conformity is to obedience as _____ is to _____.

generalized anxiety

Delilah is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Delilah MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder

About as happy as he was before he won the lottery.

Dewey just won a $145 million lottery prize. If he is typical, one year from now, he will be:

Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's.

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward them. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of these is MOST likely?

Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking.

Jeremy's New Year's resolution is to lose weight and stop smoking. Based on the research on self-control, which approach is likely to be MOST successful?

Resilience

Joe has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months, but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him to cope can be described as:

One failed a college exam

One would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why:

Overly aggressive

People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may NOT be described as:

Frustration-aggression principle

Recently Tanya has been caught in heavy traffic when traveling to and from work. This situation has caused her to arrive to work late and arrive home at a much later time than normal. When she comes home, she slams the front door and tends to yell more at her children and husband over things that are rather insignificant. This behavior can BEST be explained by the:

Dopamine

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, _____-blocking drugs lessen positive symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations.

Decreasing Type A heart attack survivors' risk of future attacks.

Relaxation exercises have been correlated with:

More; less

Stutzer and Frey found that the happiest 20-year-olds were _____ likely to marry and _____ likely to divorce in subsequent years.

Psychiatric

The American _____ Association dropped homosexuality as a disorder because more and more of its members no longer viewed it as a psychological problem.

5

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health estimates that about 1 in _____ adult Americans suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

Social-responsibility norm

The _____ is the idea that people should help those who need their help, such as young children and others who cannot give as much as they receive, even if the costs outweigh the benefits.

Biopsychosocial

The demographic landscape of cocaine use disorder was dramatically different in the early twentieth century than it is today. Then, cocaine was a legal stimulant contained in a variety of remedies, tonics, and other consumer products. Cocaine use disorder was seen most often in upper-middle-class women. The influence of cocaine's legal status on its disordered use is most consistent with the _____ model of psychological disorders.

Fail to interpret the incident as an emergency

The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will:

Susto

This is a condition experienced in Latin American cultures, where an individual may experience severe anxiety, restlessness, and a fear of black magic

DSM-5

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

50

Transitioning from an active exercise routine to a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of depression in the next two years by just over _____ percent.

Obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder

Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____ disorder and _____.

Aggression

Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of:

Negative

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Emotion-focused

When bad things happen to him, Joe lists all the good things in his life that he is thankful for. Joe's practice exemplifies _____ coping.

Cognitive dissonance

When people's attitudes clash with their behavior, they experience a state of psychological tension called:

A substantial minority

Which phrase BEST expresses the proportion of adult Americans who experience a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year?

Fritz Heider

Which psychologist is responsible for developing attribution theory?

Diffusion of responsibility

While driving to work, Marcia's car started smoking and broke down on a road with a lot of traffic. Her cell phone's battery died so she could not call for help. She was unsuccessful in getting someone to stop to help for more than two hours until a police officer offered assistance. Marcia's difficulty in getting someone to help is an example of:

Prejudice

_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.