Psy266 - Exam 1

Why are case studies NOT always the best approach when doing clinical research?

A researcher cannot generalize the results to suit the wider population.

A trigger is:

A risk factor for suicide

What is a case study?

A study focusing on details of one specific person

Who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?

Albert Ellis

A patient with schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with what type of medication?

Antipsychotic

Greer goes to see a psychologist. What is she LEAST likely to be diagnosed with?

Antisocial personality disorder

Maladaptive behavior is:

Any behavior that causes any type of harm to any person

What was Temple's best subject in school? Why?

Art. Her mind pays close attention to detail.

The first step in cognitive behavioral therapy is:

Assessment

How many DIFFERENT symptoms must a person have in order to be diagnosed with major depressive episode?

At least 5

Why is a clinical interview referred to as a conversation with a purpose?

Because it allows the practitioner to see how the patient views their own situation.

Why is it difficult to treat people with antisocial personality disorder?

Because they will manipulate their therapist

Prior to the humanistic-existential model, which of the following models were used to explain abnormal behavior?

Biological, psychodynamic, and behavioral

Ultimately, what is the "target variable" for Positive Psychologists?

Life satisfaction

Which of the following is *not* a type of happy life discussed by Seligman?

The rich life

Which of the following is true about mood disorders?

The signs and symptoms of a mood disorder are not representative of the person's true self

What is etiology?

The study of the origin, or cause, of a disease

What is one reason why women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression?

They are more likely to show emotions.

According to Seligman, what is the one way extremely happy people differ from "normal"?

They're extremely social

What is the "tradeoff" that is made within the autistic brain, as mentioned by Temple?

Thinking Circuits instead of Social Circuits.

What is cognition?

Thoughts

How can intelligence tests be used in the most effective manner?

Through a comparison of a patient's current and past scores

How can intelligence tests be used in the most effective manner?

Through a comparison of a patient's current and past scores.

What is the purpose of clinical research?

To study the causes and treatments of mental illness

What was a major asset in Temple's career designing livestock facilities?

Visual Thinking.

Which is *not* an example that Seligman provides to illustrate the benefits of "a science of mental illness"?

We could cure any and all mental illnesses

Psychology was good because, for more than 60 years, psychology worked....how?

Within the disease model

How is major depressive disorder treated?

often using a combination of medications and therapy

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has undergone many revisions because

our understanding of symptoms and disorders is evolving

This field focuses on understanding the meaning behind and purpose for human existence:

existentialism

Rollo May's creative state of existence:

exists when people begin to understand the meaning behind and purpose of life

Which is the most common hallucination associated with Charles Bonnett syndrome?

faces

According to the research discussed, perhaps the most important finding is that meaning is about:

transcending the present moment

What is key when giving someone with Autism a task?

Specificity.

Which of these criteria would classify Albert Einstein as abnormal?

Statistical rarity

Autism:

Has not been linked to being caused by a vaccine

Karl has been diagnosed with persecutory type delusional disorder. Which of the following examples apply to his condition?

Karl believes that a group of people are stalking and harassing him.

Which of the following signs and symptoms fit the bill for a person with autism:

A child avoiding eye contact, engaging in repetitive motions, and having difficulty speaking

Which of these is an example of reckless behavior?

A major spending spree

Graham has bipolar disorder. His psychiatrist is likely to prescribe:

A mood stabilizer

What percent of visually impaired people experience hallucinations?

10%

What percentage of individuals with Severe Major Depressive Disorder are likely to commit suicide?

15%

According to recent polls, what percentage of Americans have not discovered a satisfying life purpose.

40

An example of a neurological assessment is:

A brain scan

Which of the following behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of a child with hyperactivity?

Calling out frequently without waiting to be called upon

Meeting the client where he or she is at is a premise of which theory?

Client-centered theory

A twin study does which of the following?

Compares the instances of mental illness among twins.

Abby got food poisoning from eating tacos. Since then, she hasn't been able to eat tacos because she associates them with her illness. This is an example of:

Conditioning

According to Temple Grandin, what was essential to her learning and studying?

Her mentor and science teacher.

Which of the following is not a symptom of dysthymic disorder?

High self-esteem

The fact that individuals making higher incomes frequently have more years of schooling is an example of a/an _____.

Correlation

Julie is afraid of germs, so her therapist asks her to relax her body while imagining being exposed to many germs. Her therapist is using:

Desensitization

What does DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia says:

Dopamine levels create symptoms of schizophrenia

Consequences of beliefs can be:

Emotional or behavioral

What can be the primary cause for a brief psychotic episode?

Environment

Which type of psychology examines the way that we use our free will to fulfill our wishes?

Existential

Sam has a mental disorder, and so does his biological mother who he's never met. Sam's adopted parents do not have the mental disorder. Sam's problem is probably

Genetic

Self-Actualization is the process of ________

Improving or bettering yourself

Which of these is caused by metal poisoning?

Intellectual disabilities

Why does what happens in utero lead to schizophrenia later in life?

It causes a problem with brain development

Why was Rosenhan's experiment so significant?

It exposed the reality of misdiagnosis

Which of these is NOT true of the sociocultural theory of abnormality?

It is easy to interpret the research.

Which of the following is *not* a drawback to the pleasant life, from the perspective of Positive Psychology?

It is learned

According to recent polls, how is the happiness level of Americans doing?

It is quite high

Which of these is not a weakness of the biological model?

It reduces stigma

Which of these is an example of social support?

Jenny turns to her friends to help her through a break-up.

When Seligman was given three words to describe the current state of psychology, how did he respond?

Not good enough

Which of these is a negative symptom?

Low motivation

Some people believe that there's a problem with validity in classification because:

Mental illness is a social construct

All of the following are true about dysthymia and cyclothymia, EXCEPT:

Mood disorders involve feeling euphoric and always require hospitalization.

Tom had a psychotic event during which he saw things that were not there one time and never again. Tom does not meet DSM criteria because of which of the following?

No continuous period

Someone experiencing a manic episode may have which of the following symptoms?

Overindulge in risky activities

An abnormal appetite for things such as clay, chalk, and dirt is known as:

Pica

Which cortex or part of the brain is activated when a patient is hallucinating and experiencing simple geometric hallucinations?

Primary visual cortex

Which of these is the correct order of the phases of schizophrenia?

Promodal, active, residual

Which is *not* an example that Seligman provides to illustrate the drawbacks of the disease model of mental illness?

Psychologists came to only prescribe medications to treat mental illness

A person who thinks that depression should be treated with talk therapy also most likely believes that the cause of depression is:

Psychosocial

Counterconditioning involves:

Retraining a patient through positive associations

Sue has a higher diathesis for bipolar disorder than most. What can be said of Sue?

She will have more vulnerability to bipolar disorder

Sue has a higher diathesis for bipolar disorder than most. What can be said of Sue?

She will have more vulnerability to bipolar disorder.

What is a drawback to using violation of social norms as a way to identify abnormal behavior?

Social norms vary from culture to culture

Which of these is a misnaming of a section in the DSM?

Sociopathic Disorders

Which of these is an example of something that might be studied in abnormal psychology?

Someone who is having auditory hallucinations

Near the end of his talk, Seligman notes that the problems of psychology parallel the problems of...what?

Technology

Which lobe is associated with hallucinations of all senses, in which the patient interacts with the hallucinations/environment?

Temporal lobe

Sarah's doctor diagnoses her with a major depressive episode, but then later changes the diagnosis to bipolar disorder. What type of problem is this?

Test-retest reliability

Somatogenic theory says:

That abnormality is a result of biological or physical illnes

What do correlational studies show?

That there's a relationship between two things

Twin and adoption studies help psychologists measure:

The effects of genes on mental illness

Traditionally, what is the most venerable of the happinesses?

The meaningful life

In David Rosenham's experiment with diagnosing psychological disorders, the best results were obtained

by the actual hospital patients

An evolutionary explanation of happiness is that it is about what?

drive reduction

What, according to Frankl, is the last of the human freedoms?

to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances

Having wide-ranging emotions that lack intensity or don't run the full, expected range is called

the blunted affect