PSY3360 Psychological Disorders Final Exam

Freebasing has the effect of making cocaine:

more concentrated

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says, "You want a drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying:

pronominal reversal

If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:

the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain.

Compared with men, women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.

twice as likely

Which of the following is believed to be the chemical in cannabis responsible for its effects?

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive:

GABA

Deviant behavior is behavior that:

violates the society's norms

What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person?

A person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress and impairment over his or her gender incongruence.

Marijuana is considered to be:

A unique substance with depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic effects

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? 1. It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure. 2. About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male. 3. Fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. 4. It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight.

About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.

How is the brain's reward circuit involved in substance abuse? 1. All of the multiple choice responses for this answer are correct. 2. It is possible that people who abuse substances may have a reward deficiency syndrome. 3. The substance activates the reward center in the brain. 4. The substance activates the dopamine neurotransmitter in the brain which is associated with pleasure.

All of the multiple choice responses for this answer are correct.

Of the following people, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance use disorder would be a(n): 1. Asian Americans 2. non-Hispanic Caucasian Americans 3. African Americans 4. American Indians; Native Americans

American Indians; Native Americans

Which group of Americans has the highest overall rate of suicide?

American Indians; Native Americans

During a manic episode, Angie tells her partner that she is getting a large tattoo that will cover both her arms and her back. It is a tattoo of a large tree with birds and squirrels and other wildlife. Her partner tells her that they don't have any money for a tattoo, explaining that they need the money for food. Their cupboards and refrigerator are empty and they cannot pay the rent this month. Which response would be typical in a manic episode in this situation?

Angie ignores her partner's response to her idea and gets a tattoo anyway

Which of the following has been used in efforts to treat alcohol abuse? 1. Mood stabilizers 2. Antabuse 3. EMDR 4. Systematic desensitization

Antabuse

What is one way that fear differs from anxiety?

Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general.

Which of the following is FALSE about Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder? 1. An infection of the vagina or urinary tract may cause this disorder. 2. A woman with this disorder may fear penetration of her vagina by a penis 3. Injury to the vagina while giving birth can cause pain during sex for women. 4. For all women with this disorder, the muscles around the vagina contract, preventing penetration by the penis

For all women with this disorder, the muscles around the vagina contract, preventing penetration by the penis

Depression and eating disorders are correlated. What does this statement mean?

People with eating disorders also tend to experience depression.

Which statement BEST describes the prevalence of alcoholism in non-Hispanic white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men? 1. Prevalence rates among all three groups are essentially the same. 2. Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans. 3. Alcoholism rates are highest for older non-Hispanic white Americans. 4. African Americans have the highest rates of alcoholism, followed by non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans.

Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans.

A teenager has recently developed signs of bulimia nervosa. She has been binge eating alone in her room and vomits immediately afterward to try to control her weight. Why will this not result in sustainable weight loss?

Purging increases hunger, which decreases metabolism and triggers more frequent binges.

A common cardiovascular effect of anorexia is a slow heart rate (bradycardia). Which explanation BEST describes why this is true?

The body is trying to conserve energy.

DSM-5 added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a diagnosis for certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive symptoms during the week before menstruation. Why has this been an ongoing controversy?

The diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome.

Which is NOT true of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy? 1. It is a form of cognitive behavioral treatment. 2. The overall goal of this treatment is to help people gain control over their substance abuse. 3. There is research evidence suggesting that this therapy is as effective as other cognitive behavioral treatments, if not more effective. 4. It employs a mindfulness approach.

The overall goal of this treatment is to help people gain control over their substance abuse.

Zach is a resident in a psychiatric ward. He receives a plastic chip whenever he gets dressed on his own, speaks normally, and follows ward rules. He can then exchange the plastic chips he has earned for extra privileges, such as food, cigarettes, or time playing video games. This example illustrates the basic features

a token economy

Dr. Nguyen looks for a biological cause of an erectile disorder. What type of problem would she MOST productively look for?

a vascular problem

A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like:

buttoning a shirt, tying shoes, and dressing in general

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in:

children rather than adults

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:

cocaine

According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is:

cognitive-behavioral

A person is labeled by the community as having schizophrenia. Based on available evidence, it is MOST likely that:

community members, and the person, will have a more negative view of the person.

According to Masters and Johnson, and as demonstration by the physiological arousal graph, the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle is more gradual in women when they:

do not experience orgasm

Which form of treatment is most effective in treating schizophrenia?

drug therapy

A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of:

dyslexia

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that:

effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine.

When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals:

encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping.

Which effect on a child has NOT been associated with maternal cocaine use during pregnancy?

enlarged heart

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friends' houses or go to camp. His condition is called:

enuresis

What are released when the adrenal medulla is stimulated?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology?

equifinality

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of _____ therapy.

exposure

Nora admits that she's had episodes of uncontrollable eating once or twice a week for the past few months. During these episodes, she feels compelled to eat everything in sight. Afterward, she always vomits so that she won't gain weight. Which other factor would have to be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa?

extreme concern with one's body shape and weight

Ophelia is a college-aged woman with a history of dieting. Over the past few months, she has drastically reduced how much food she consumes. She views her constant hunger pain as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Even though her weight is now below average, Ophelia still views herself as overweight. As her health care provider, you suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa?

fear of becoming overweight

The campus bra bandit steals women's underwear from the campus laundry and then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate diagnosis of this behavior would be:

fetishism.

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with:

fragile X syndrome

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, and then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is:

frotteurism

The final merging of two or more subpersonalities in a patient with dissociative identity disorder is known as:

fusion

According to the developmental psychopathology view, substance use disorders typically begin with:

genetically inherited predispositions

Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression involving social misdeeds such as telling lies about a person, spreading rumors about a person, or manipulating people. This form of aggression is MOST common among:

girls diagnosed with conduct disorder

Ellie is a 12-year-old middle-school European American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background. She is diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which characteristic is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?

her age

Sylvie is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job stocking shelves at a large discount department store, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because:

her daily functioning is adequate

Sophia has been diagnosed with having autism spectrum disorder. Her parents note she has trouble coping when life is too unpredictable. She keeps all of her toys in a certain order on the shelf, and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any small changes in her daily routine also cause her to become very upset, and she commonly throws tantrums when there are any variations to her schedule. This is an example of:

highly rigid and repetitive behavior

A posttraumatic stress victim has been experiencing heightened biochemical arousal for almost a year. This chronic overreactivity may eventually damage which parts of her brain?

hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala

Darcy is at a friend's dinner party. She's captured the attendees' attention for most of the evening by telling jokes and dramatized stories, but everyone's attention turns away from her when someone else announces her pregnancy. Darcy bursts into dramatic and effusive congratulations to draw back some attention, but she grows angry when the other woman stays the center of attention. Finally, Darcy loudly lies that she had been pregnant and miscarried, and that hearing about someone else's pregnancy is extremely hurtful. Darcy is exhibiting characteristics of:

histrionic personality disorder

Anna has been struggling with depression and difficult circumstances for the last few years. She no longer believes that life will get better or that there's anything to look forward to. This is called:

hopelessness

Some argue that many cases of dissociative identity disorder are _____, meaning that the symptoms are unintentionally produced by the practitioner who is treating the client.

iatrogenic

Henry is drinking at a party. The first effects he experiences are changes in:

judgment

Cognitive Behavioral therapies for schizophrenia may include all of the following EXCEPT: 1. attempts to change how these persons view and respond to their hallucinations 2. education for these individuals about the biological causes of schizophrenia 3. teaching these persons how to observe their hallucinations from a detached and comfortable position 4. keeping persons with these disorders from completing any complex information-processing tasks which may confuse them

keeping persons with these disorders from completing any complex information-processing tasks which may confuse them

One similarity between those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they both tend to:

lack close ties to others

Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that because those with schizoid personalities have difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, they develop _____ very slowly.

language and motor skills

Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is:

learned helplessness

Compared with those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are:

less likely to recover fully and more likely to be hospitalized.

Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.

What is meant by the term psychosis?

loss of contact with reality

Which is NOT a risk for young people abusing cocaine?

macular degeneration

A person who is recovering from unipolar depression continues to take a tricyclic for several months after most symptoms are gone. What kind of therapy is this?

maintenance

Ivan is very healthy, but he is distressed by his lack of interest in sexual activity and lack of sexual experiences over the past several years. He MOST likely is experiencing:

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

What is the dark triad?

malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior

Married women are more likely to be orgasmic when they have:

marital happiness and a current attraction to their partner's body.

Autoerotic asphyxia is a fatal side effect associated with:

masochistic practice

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among:

men with jobs

Your worries are only thoughts. But don't try to stop them. Recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much. These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Drew is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home as pets. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle snakes. This is a form of therapy based on:

modeling

Many adolescents who attempt suicide know someone who has attempted suicide. This fact provides a case for which process in suicidal actions?

modeling

People with panic disorder experience body sensations:

more intensely than those people without panic disorder.

Researchers have found that the biological relatives of adoptees with schizophrenia are _____ to develop schizophrenia.

more likely than their adoptive relatives

DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:

most widely used in North America

Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more:

multicultural

The MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit but does not see himself that way and so continues to push himself is:

muscle dysmorphia

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing:

narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

negative interpretation of loss

A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will:

neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child.

At lunch, Vincent, a patient in therapy, eats exactly 23 almonds, which he chews exactly 23 times each. This is a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of these is a depressant?

opioids

The technique of sensate focus involves:

physical tasks in which partners focus on giving and receiving pleasure

Kevin sees huge, iridescent butterflies covering the floors. He also hears soft harp music at all hours, when no one is playing a harp or any music. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Over time, clinicians have realized that many soldiers experience serious psychological symptoms long after combat is over. This disorder is called:

posttraumatic stress disorder

A community program works to lower the poverty rate. What kind of principle of mental health care is exhibited by this approach?

prevention

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:

includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle.

Which of the following factors have sociocultural theorists suggested may be a cause for borderline personality disorder?

rapid social change

What is the most common long-term outcome of dieting to lose weight?

regaining the weight

What factor is thought to account for variations in suicide rates among different countries?

religious affiliation and beliefs

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by the defense mechanism of:

repression

According to the developmental psychopathology perspective, moderate and manageable adversities that occur during childhood may make a person more _____ when faced with stressful events during adulthood.

resilient

Samantha adapts well and copes effectively after a hurricane devastates her home. She can be described as:

resilient

A person who has paraphilia:

responds sexually to a socially inappropriate object or situation.

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:

result from starvation

Selina always feels mysterious forces that she believes she can use to control others and which guide her through life. When she sees a news report of a store robbery in another city, she thinks that it is a warning that her house will be broken into that evening. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

schizotypal personality disorder

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of the two diagnoses is that:

school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school

Which of the following childhood disorders has higher rates among females? 1. ADHD 2. encopresis 3. selective mutism 4. autism spectrum disorder

selective mutism

Some theorists believe that dissociative disorders may be a form of:

self-hypnosis

A person with _____ is repeatedly and intensely sexually aroused by the act of being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer.

sexual masochism disorder

According to Peter Lewinsohn, _____ rewards are particularly important in the downward spiral of depression.

social

Lorna is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others, which causes her significant impairment. The MOST accurate diagnosis for her condition would be:

social anxiety disorder.

Some multicultural theorists believe that borderline personality disorder is actually a person's reaction to persistent feelings of marginality, powerlessness, and social failure. If they are correct, then the disorder is a result of:

social inequalities

Research suggests that after a person completes a successful ECT treatment of depression:

some type of maintenance therapy is still needed

Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying:

substance use disorder

According to DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT: 1. decreased need for sleep 2. distractibility 3. inflated self-esteem 4. suicidal ideation

suicidal ideation

When we encounter a stressor, the _____ nervous system accelerates the automatic processes in our body. After the stressor is over, the _____ nervous system returns us to normal functioning.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

syndrome

A person who uses LSD begins to taste colors and see music. This person is experiencing:

synesthesia

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from pre-binge, through binge, to post-binge is BEST described in sequence as:

tension, powerlessness, shame

Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users starting around the year 2000. This trend MOST likely reflects the fact that:

the THC content in marijuana has increased.

Which of these was NOT one of Pinel's reforms at La Bicêtre? 1. free movement around the hospital grounds 2. support and advice given to the patients 3. weekly feasts tailored to each patient's diet 4. sunny, airy rooms instead of dark dungeons

weekly feasts tailored to each patient's diet

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

When first-generation antipsychotic drugs are used today, clinicians may typically do any of the following EXCEPT 1. prescribe an additional antipsychotic drug to produce a synergistic effect. 2. gradually reduce medications after patients establish normal functioning. 3. prescribe drugs that remedy the side effects of the antipsychotic drug. 4. increase the dosage of a drug when patients do not improve.

increase the dosage of a drug when patients do not improve.

Antonio begins to hear voices. After some research, his family realizes that he is exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia. Antonio's family tells him the voices aren't real to try to help him. This action by family members should:

increase the likelihood of future symptoms

When people decide to participate in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge about the nature of the study and their rights. This is called:

informed consent

Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:

are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.

Pierre, a 32-year-old male, feels terrible. He is sad, tired, and depressed, but he refuses to show it. This is consistent with the:

artifact theory

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be:

"No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response?

"Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia."

Shayla stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience:

"crashing"—headaches, depressed feelings, and dizziness.

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:

14 to 20 years

What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder using electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

2 to 4 weeks

Cheraea has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. Her symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for at least how many months?

6 months

About what percentage of people who commit suicide use alcohol just before the act?

70%

According to surveys, how many transgender people in the United States have reported that they have been harassed or attacked at school, at work, or in their communities as a result of being transgender?

80 to 90 percent

Which statement below BEST supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia? 1. Antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor sites. 2. Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonian symptoms. 3. Like those with Parkinsonism, those with schizophrenia have unusually low levels of dopamine. 4. Dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonian symptoms.

Why do very young children rarely experience hopelessness?

Children must have the cognitive ability to hold expectations about the future, a skill rarely developed completely before the age of 7.

Which statement about clinical interviews is TRUE? 1. Clinicians agree that the clinical interview is the most useful clinical assessment tool. 2. Clinicians' biases can influence how they interpret the information obtained from clinical interviews. 3. Research shows that most clients speak objectively about their own behavior. 4. Clients share more details with clinicians who are viewed as cool and distant.

Clinicians' biases can influence how they interpret the information obtained from clinical interviews.

Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual disability include:

Denmark and Sweden

Which statement about distress is TRUE? 1. Distress is a subjective experience. 2. Distress is more common in young children. 3. Distress is always considered abnormal. 4. Distress is always characterized by overt, observable signs.

Distress is a subjective experience.

According to the research, what is the most effective ADHD treatment program?

Drugs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, work best.

Which statement is true regarding the intersection of sexual abuse, gender, and socioeconomic status? 1. Boys, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. 2. Girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. 3. Girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. 4. Girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

Girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

What is the MOST common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood? 1. It disappears by adolescence or adulthood. 2. It develops into transsexualism. 3. It is a precursor to transvestite fetishism. 4. It develops into pedophilia.

It disappears by adolescence or adulthood.

What is currently known about the relationship between hallucinations and delusions?

It is likely that hallucinations and delusions occur together and feed one another.

How does an MRI make a picture of the brain?

It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? 1. Women with female sexual interest/ arousal disorder rarely initiate sexual activity. 2. A diagnosis of female sexual interest/arousal disorder requires that the woman is distressed by her lack of interest and arousal. 3. Less than 10% of women worldwide have reduced sexual interest and arousal. 4. A woman's sex drive is determined by psychological, biological, and social factors.

Less than 10% of women worldwide have reduced sexual interest and arousal.

Which statement about pedophiles is MOST supported by current research? 1. Most pedophiles have at least one other psychological disorder. 2. The majority of pedophiles develop their sexual pattern of need as adults. 3. Pedophiles most commonly target boys as their victims. 4. There is a clear biological cause for pedophilia.

Most pedophiles have at least one other psychological disorder.

Which statement is TRUE regarding anorexia nervosa? 1. Death from starvation is the most common outcome in people with this condition. 2. About half of all people with this condition will experience a life-threatening cardiac event. 3. The death rate from anorexia has declined to less than 1 percent 4. Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide.

Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide.

Devonte has many distracting behaviors, but they occur only in a school setting. He does not follow instructions and finish work, answering his teacher's questions aloud before they have been completed. He also squirms in his seat and fidgets. But at home, when he is working with his father on home repairs or maintenance, he is able to listen carefully and follow his father's instructions. The teacher believes that Devonte has ADHD. Is she correct?

No, the child's symptoms occur only in one setting, and that does not fit the diagnosis of ADHD

If a person had bulimia nervosa and engaged in frequent binges, about how many of his or her binges per week would a friend of this person expect to witness?

None

Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? 1. Each model focuses on childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. 2. None of the models are complete within themselves. 3. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. 4. All of the models include an element of the biological model.

None of the models are complete within themselves.

The rules for proper conduct in a society are called:

Norms

Your neighbor tells you that her seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. She asks you what would you recommend? Based on current research, which is the BEST answer? 1. Parent management training seems to work best for this disorder. 2. Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation. 3. Treatment foster care is the best intervention, as long as the program is well established. 4. Video modeling works best, especially with elementary age children.

Parent management training seems to work best for this disorder.

Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which statement? 1. Non-Hispanic white American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than do African American women. 2. The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women and are approaching the rates found in non-Hispanic white American women. 3. African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than do non-Hispanic white American women. 4. Both non-Hispanic white American women and African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders these days than they did in the past.

The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women and are approaching the rates found in non-Hispanic white American women.

A person who has anorexia nervosa has dry, rough, cracked skin and may develop lanugo. Why would you not expect to see these symptoms in someone with binge-eating disorder?

These symptoms result from nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors behaviors.

What was the driving idea behind the eugenic sterilization of the mentally ill?

They should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes

Which statement about deviant behavior is TRUE? 1. Deviant behavior causes psychologically abnormal behavior. 2. People who act in deviant ways are always unaware that their behavior is deviant. 3. What is defined as deviant can change over time. 4. What is considered deviant behavior is the same across all cultures.

What is defined as deviant can change over time.

Which of these is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia? 1. There is a higher incidence in lower rather than upper socioeconomic groups. 2. Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men. 3. There is about a 1 percent risk of developing schizophrenia in a lifetime, worldwide. 4. There is a significant risk of suicide attempt—about 25 percent.

Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men.

Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:

a 150 lb. woman who drinks 6 cans of beer

Samuel cannot leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Samuel is displaying:

a checking compulsion.

Which is an example of a case study? 1. a long-term study of a single person 2. the development of a disorder in a group of lab rats 3. studying all the people in a community with a particular disorder 4. a study involving the use of a control group

a long-term study of a single person

A "fake" pill used as the control condition in a drug study is:

a placebo

Of the following options, people with an anxiety disorder are MOST likely to experience: 1. hallucinations 2. another type of psychiatric disorder 3. a second anxiety disorder 4. periods of mania

a second anxiety disorder

Where do most people receive treatment for a substance use disorder?

a self-help group

When the adrenal cortex is stimulated, _____ are released.

adrenocorticotropic hormones and corticosteroids

What factors influence whether a person develops PTSD? 1. genetic predispositions to overly reactive brain-body stress pathways 2. all of the factors listed here 3. the severity of the trauma 4. chronic childhood neglect

all of the factors listed here

During combat, Carlos died when he intentionally stepped in front of a bullet that was intended for one of the soldiers for whom he was responsible. Durkheim would call this an example of:

altruistic suicide

Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa?

amenorrhea

Doug runs a "healing" program. He claims he can heal cancer and other serious illnesses simply by petitioning a deity. He charges his patients for sessions, and holds the sessions in front of an audience. While conducting the "healing," Doug constantly solicits donations from the audience, claiming the money is going to various charities and the upkeep of the healing center. However, when Doug's "patients" are later checked by health care providers, they are not healed at all. Eventually, he's found to be embezzling the donated money for luxury cars, drugs, and mansions. He is MOST likely to be diagnosed with:

antisocial personality disorder

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____.

auditory; grandeur

The hypothalamus activates which two body systems?

autonomic nervous system and endocrine system

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.

Chaeyoung often has difficulty establishing social ties. He feels extremely uncomfortable in social situations, and expresses fear that he will be embarrassed or appear foolish to others. This is most reflective of which personality disorder?

avoidant personality disorder

The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological, emotional, or physiological states is characteristic of both

borderline personality disorder and eating disorders

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she had:

been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:

before birth

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:

behavioral therapy for enuresis

People who are overweight and regularly binge without compensatory behaviors are experiencing:

binge-eating disorder

Statistically speaking, which eating disorder is a male most likely to develop?

binge-eating disorder

A patient has smaller temporal lobes and high activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. These symptoms are:

biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder.

Someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as having:

biopolar II rapid cycling

A doctor says to a new nurse at her clinic, "This patient's personality disorder is becoming very common. These individuals often feel like they don't have a stable sense of self-worth or self-esteem. I see someone with this almost every day in the clinic." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

Which is NOT a reason why teenagers may attempt suicide? 1. low self-esteem 2. changes in hormones 3. clinical depression 4. feeling hopeless

changes in hormones

Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders involves:

children lacking control over their lives and misperceiving internal cues.

During a session with a client, Dr. Dorsett asks a client to talk about himself. When the client begins to speak, Dr. Dorsett asks a follow-up question based on an interesting point the client made. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Dorsett has just:

conducted an unstructured interview.

Which is NOT considered an effect of bullying?

constant lying

Which brain structure or region is NOT part of the brain circuits involved in unipolar depression? 1. corpus callosum 2. prefrontal cortex 3. subgenual cingulate 4. hippocampus

corpus callosum

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. On several occasions, he has also not shown up for classes at all. The school has sent notices to the home about the son's behavior, but the parents have never seen these notices. They wonder if the son has removed this mail before the parents could see it. He is often home in time to gather the mail from the mailbox and brings it into the home as a "favor" to his parents. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? 1. covert-destructive 2. covert-nondestructive 3. overt-nondestructive 4. overt-nondestructive

covert-nondestructive

Some authorities believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A local psychologist accompanies APA and Red Cross personnel to help firefighters deal with the stress they experience shortly after a disastrous fire. The psychologist works with victims to let them know that their reactions are normal and to offer stress management tips. The psychologist is providing:

critical incident stress debriefing

People who suffer from dissociative amnesia most often lose their _____ memories but retain their _____ memories.

personal; abstract/encyclopedic

Features often associated with abnormality include deviance, distress, dysfunction, and:

danger

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not:

dangerous

If parents excessively reinforce clinging behavior in their children and then punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of _____ in their children.

dependent personality disorder

Treisha is a 24-year old African American female working as a librarian. She seeks therapy for her feelings of depression, but also describes to her therapist peculiar bodily experiences she does not understand. She states that she sometimes does not feel connected to her own body, as if her mind is separated from her physical self and her body is acting as a robot separate from her will. Treisha's psychotherapist might wonder if Treisha is experiencing what psychological symptom?

depersonalization

A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Jewels are the reason. They stole shoes you know. But now cooking is the best hobby. That's why my favorite color is blue." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia?

derailment

Exhibitionists engage in that type of behavior because they:

desire a shock reaction from their victim.

Both of Nolan's parents suffered from depression. They were generally unresponsive to his needs when he was a child. When Nolan was 9, his house burned down due to an electrical problem, but Nolan blamed himself for the event. As a young adult, Nolan was diagnosed with depression shortly after his divorce. This example illustrates the _____ perspective.

developmental psychopathology

According to research, African American children with ADHD and non-Hispanic white American children with ADHD may be treated differently. In particular, they may not have the same experience of treatment with long-acting stimulant drugs which can minimize symptoms of ADHD. Various factors may account for this difference in treatment. Which of the following factors is NOT a reason for this difference in treatment?

differences in drug tolerance between these two groups of children

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important, and similar to a:

dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way on to all the way off

Which event in the 1950s led to improvements in biological treatments for mental disorders?

discovery of psychotropic medications

People with _____ suddenly travel to an entirely different location and cannot recall the details of their past lives.

dissociative fugue

Which of the following is a psychological cause for erectile disorder? 1. guilt about excessive masturbation in the past 2. imagining one's parents' judgments of one's sexual activity 3. imagining sexual activity with a previous lover or marriage partner 4. distancing oneself from the experience of sex and remaining a spectator of the activity, evaluating one's performance

distancing oneself from the experience of sex and remaining a spectator of the activity, evaluating one's performance

If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in:

distorted thinking

Xavier has schizophrenia and is often conflicted on how to feel about most issues. He feels drained of energy and interest for his usual activities and is rarely able to complete a course of action. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from:

disturbances in volition

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents. At school, her teachers describe her as quiet and compliant. However, at home, she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

oppositional defiant disorder

Rosa's heart was racing from her fourth cup of coffee, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

paranoid personality disorder

Which age group is MOST likely to commit suicide because of problems like illness, hopelessness, disability, and loneliness as the reason for suicide?

people older than 65 years of age

Quincy knows that her family is planning to kill her and sell her prized piano. She's heard them talking about her, and they've tried to tell her that she isn't feeling well when Quincy knows she's in perfect health. Quincy has known for years that everyone hates her piano and wants to get rid of it. Quincy is MOST likely suffering from delusions of:

persecution

The main difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is:

the duration of symptoms

The ultimate goal of treatment for people with dissociative identity disorder is:

the integration of subpersonalities

The cognitive triad is made up of maladaptive thoughts about all of these EXCEPT: 1. the past 2. the future 3. experiences 4. self

the past

Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of:

the residual phase of schizophrenia

Which of the following treatment factors is NOT emphasized by dialectical behavior therapy?

the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting

What is the weight set point?

the weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain, controlled in part by the hypothalamus

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

they freely choose and enjoy their behavior.

When you consider the options below, what is the most likely possibility that an individual who receives a DSM diagnosis may experience: 1. they may find it more difficult to get a job if the diagnosis is shared 2. they may experience a feeling of relief after the diagnosis 3. they may move into a residential facility 4. they may share the diagnosis freely with others

they may find it more difficult to get a job if the diagnosis is shared

Idrina, who is fifteen, has a negative perception of her body. She is most likely dissatisfied with her:

thighs

Studies indicate that LGBTQ teenagers are _____ times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and to attempt suicide.

three

Four people have stress disorder-related symptoms following a traumatic event. The person who may be diagnosed as having acute stress disorder is the one who has had symptoms for:

three weeks

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:

tolerance

Although Cassandra used a substance at noon, she stays awake and alert. Yet, even though she is awake, she experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. The symptoms have almost completely gone away by dinnertime. Cassandra MOST likely:

took LSD

Before grading papers, a professor puts on rubber gloves. During class and in interactions with students, the professor painstakingly avoids any contact with the hands of students. The professor is exhibiting a(n):

touching compulsion.

In many areas in the mid- and late 1500s, asylums such as Bethlehem Hospital in London became:

tourist attractions

Symptoms of dissociative identity disorder usually begin after episodes of:

trauma or abuse

Women are at least _____ as likely as men to have episodes of severe unipolar depression.

twice

The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been:

unaccepting

A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: 1. very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. 2. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. 3. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. 4. common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

The accidental discovery of drugs that increased serotonin and norepinephrine activity also led to effective treatments for what disorder?

unipolar depression