PSY362 ONLINE EXAM QUESTIONS

Ahmed went to the Museum of Modern Art during his vacation to New York City. Afterward, he remembers that he liked so many pieces, but he can really only recall the details of the Andy Warhol painting he saw at the very end, as he was walking out the door. Ahmed is displaying the primacy effect. the recency effect. spin framing. positive framing.

the recency effect.

Which of the following correlations indicates the weakest relationship between two variables? 1.0 0.8 -0.6 0.2

0.2

Define pluralistic ignorance and explain how it can undermine learning in the classroom or the development of friendship across ethnic groups.

Pluralistic ignorance occurs when an individual of a group secretly reject a norm but goes along and accept it since most others accept it. In a classroom environment, some may not express their feeling when they do not understand the concept and are hesitant to ask since no one asks for further explanation and clarification.

Why is random sampling so important to conducting research in social psychology? What are some of the potential pitfalls of not having a random sample?

Random sampling is important to conducting research in social psychology because it gives a representation of the population of interest, prevents sampling biases which eventually gives a fair and more generalized conclusion on the research. Without random samples, it affects the quality of the research in which it contains bias and it is not generalized and leads to more errors, therefore affects the outcome of the research.

Define social psychology and explain how this field differs from the fields of personality psychology and sociology.

Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave in social situations. It differs from personality psychology and sociology since sociology focuses on groups of people while personality psychology refers to individual differences such as their characteristics, patterns of thinking, feeling.

Which of the following examples best shows how expectations (i.e., schemas) can be self-fulfilling prophecies? Participants primed to think of the elderly actually walk slower down a hallway. Teachers who expect that some children will do well in school actually lead those children to perform better. People are more likely to apply the trait of dependence to a female character in a novel compared to a male character. A schema that is frequently activated will be more likely to be applied to a new stimulus.

Teachers who expect that some children will do well in school actually lead those children to perform better.

Which of the following questions best reflects what attribution theory seeks to explain? How often does Tina engage in binge drinking? Why did Larissa break up with Tom? What did Bob say in response to Jim's insult? Where is Juan most likely to find a date for the dance?

Why did Larissa break up with Tom?

People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind. encoding representativeness accessibility availability

availability

Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to rely primarily on correlational research. argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior. examine the influence of situations on behaviors. stress individual differences in behavior.

examine the influence of situations on behaviors.

Gloria looks back on her marriage and thinks, "If only I had put more effort into the relationship, Lew and I would still be together." This self-reflection exemplifies counterfactual thinking. the actor-observer effect. emotional intensification. the self-serving bias.

counterfactual thinking.

Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship between social influence and behavior? acting more cooperative when you are in a good mood (as opposed to a bad mood) preferring to drive with the car radio on (as opposed to off) cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)

cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)

Barbara just received a B on her test. She learns that one of her friends got an A on the same test, and another friend got a C. Later that night, Barbara tells her roommate that she did "really well" relative to other people in the class. According to social comparison theory, Barbara appears to have engaged in ________ comparison. upward downward promotional prevention

downward

An American soldier is captured and tortured by enemy forces. The enemy then releases a videotape of the soldier proclaiming a deep hatred for America. According to the discounting principle, Americans who later view this videotape are likely to explain the soldier's proclamations in terms of ________ causes. internal external dispositional global

external

A hypothesis ________ , while a theory ________. is tested by a specific study; encompasses a body of related research encompasses a body of related research; is tested by a specific study is tested scientifically; is not tested scientifically is not tested scientifically; is tested scientifically

is tested by a specific study; encompasses a body of related research

Self-schemas are wishes and aspirations people have for themselves. objective standards that people use to learn about their own abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. beliefs about the roles, obligations, and duties people assume in groups. knowledge-based summaries of our beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains.

knowledge-based summaries of our beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains.

Bo has repeatedly tried to find a job. After each unsuccessful attempt, he concludes that there is just something about him that will always get in the way of success in his life. Bo is displaying a ________ explanatory style. self-defensive maladaptive pessimistic self-protecting

pessimistic

Many members of a street gang believe privately that their initiation process is too harsh and dangerous. However, they do not express these beliefs because they assume that everyone else thinks the initiation process is just fine. This scenario exemplifies pluralistic ignorance. group rationalization. counterfactual conformity. the framing effect.

pluralistic ignorance.

The function of an IRB is to review university research spending. grant proposals, to ensure that they are financially feasible. research proposals and judge the ethical appropriateness of the research. the reliability of research findings at the institution.

research proposals and judge the ethical appropriateness of the research.

A stereotype is best characterized as a type of schema. channel factor. attribution. theory of mind.

schema

Research supporting self-verification theory has shown that people selectively attend to information that is consistent with their self-views. want to be seen as mysterious and, therefore, hide their true selves from others. tend to form relationships with others who view them in positive ways. tend to remember positive feedback more than negative feedback.

selectively attend to information that is consistent with their self-views.

Gene is given a questionnaire that has statements like these printed on it: "I take a positive view of myself" and "I feel that I have a number of good qualities." He is asked to indicate how much he agrees with these kinds of statements. This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene's self-consciousness. identity cues. self-esteem. self-discrepancies.

self-esteem.

Ryan begins his twenty-page sociology paper at about 5 p.m. on the night before the paper is due. At around 6 p.m., Gary requests a favor that would take several hours. Ryan grants the favor and ends up leaving himself just a few hours to complete the paper. Later, when friends ask Ryan about his paper grade, he says, "I got a D because I was helping Gary all night instead of writing." This scenario exemplifies a self-presentation process called self-handicapping. self-fulfilling prophecy. overjustification. self-promotion.

self-handicapping.

The actor-observer difference is the tendency to make ________ attributions for one's own behavior, while making ________ attributions for others' behavior. deductive; inductive distinctive; common global; specific situational; dispositional

situational; dispositional

Research on ________ suggests it is ________ for people to assume that dispositions are the underlying causes of most behaviors. the fundamental attribution error; common the fundamental attribution error; uncommon channel factors; common channel factors; uncommon

the fundamental attribution error; common